聚焦-偏转复合系统的相对论五级几何象差方程

本文以复数内积及形式导数为工具,并利用变分原理,导出了电-磁的聚焦-偏转重迭场复合系统的相对论五级几何象差方程。 关键词：     

电、磁的聚焦与偏转复合系统的相对论象差理论

复数域为实数域上的可除结合代数,本文在其中定义了内积,并以这个新的代数系统为工具,研究了电、磁的聚焦场与偏转场重迭时的复合系统,导出了该系统的相对论三级几何象差公式。 关键词：     

电磁复合聚焦—偏转球面阴极透镜的相对论象差理论

本文应用变分原理研究了电磁复合聚焦-偏转球面阴极透镜的相对论象差理论。在考虑阴极面逸出电子具有一定的初能量和初角度分布,物场和象场弯曲以及阴极面上磁场和横向电场不为零的情况下,导出了任意理想象面上的一级近轴横向象差和包括色球差在内的全部三级几何横向象差,以及各种特殊类型象差系数的明显表达式。本文导出的象差公式不仅普遍适用于宽束和细束阴极透镜,而且普遍适用于相对论或非相对论,阴极和屏为球面或平面时的各种情况。本文以复数描写轨迹,用矩阵表示象差,形式简洁,适合于计算机计算。 关键词：     

复合的电子束扫描系统象差的动态校正

本文在文献[1]的基础上讨论了复合的电子束扫描系统象差的动态校正问题。讨论了采用不同的电磁多极场作为动态校正器的可能性。推导了圆形校正透镜、偏转校正场和四极、六极校正场引起的附加象差的公式。由此证明了由这种圆形校正透镜、偏转校正场和四极校正场等组成的动态校正系统在一定条件下可以消除复合的电子束扫描系统中大多数的三级偏转象差。 关键词：     

磁透镜与偏转器的复合系统的电子光学性质和象差理论

本文研究了旋转对称磁透镜和磁偏转器的复合系统,给出了场和轨迹的普遍表达式。利用向量形式来描写电子轨迹,讨论了高斯光学性质。运用变分原理(费马原理)计算了三级象差,得出了复合系统普遍的象差公式。它们以矩阵的形式表出,形式简洁,便于进行数值计算。本文的结果具有较大的普遍性,概括了文献上关于偏转象差的已有结果,并对复合系统作了较完整的论述和严格的计算,因而可以广泛地研究各种电子束管和电子光学仪器的偏转象差。     

静电透镜与磁偏转器的复合系统的电子光学性质和象差理论

本文将文献[1]的方法和结果加以推广,研究了旋转对称静电透镜和磁偏转器的复合系统。给出了场和轨迹的普遍表达式,讨论了高斯光学性质,得出了这种系统普遍的三级象差和象差系数的公式。这两篇文章有助于较全面地研究各种电子束管和电子光学仪器的偏转象差。 关键词：     

普遍的电偏转三级象差系数及其与光栅图的关系

本文将电偏转三级象差的工作推广,使适合于入射处就有电场的情况,导出一个能在任意平面上求三级偏转象差的公式,对分离式电偏转系统及叠合式偏转系统(Deflection Yoke)均适用。并经过数学处理,使公式简洁,换算方便,还将象差系数积分公式中的轴上场E₀(z)的一、二级微商全部消除,以提高计算精度。为了和我们的前一工作相对应,符号的命名和计算格式也与文献[1]相同,最后还描述了顶点在屏上的圆锥形细束在偏转后产生的光栅畸变、场曲、象散、彗差等图形与这套系数的对应关系。这种关系也完全适合于磁偏转三级象差的情况。 关键词：     

普遍的磁偏转三级象差系数以及它们与PI枪光栅图形的关系

本文将磁偏转三级象差的工作推广,使适用于电子束入射处就有磁场的情况,导出一个能在任意平面上求三级偏转象差的公式,并经过数学处理,使公式简洁、换算方便。最后运用这套象差系数就水平一列式电子枪(PI枪)经偏转后所产生的光栅图形进行了分析和探讨。     

磁圆形透镜和磁六极透镜的复合系统的象差

近来磁六极透镜作为球差校正器引起了人们的注意。本文研究了磁圆形透镜和磁六极透镜的场分布叠加形成的复合系统的象差。我们在复数域中定义了内积,采用了复数的表象和微分算符,全面讨论了这种复合系统的高斯光学性质及二、三、四级象差,得出了各级象差所有的象差系数的公式。 关键词：     

阴极透镜象差的变分理论

本文运用变分原理研究了电磁复合聚焦阴极透镜的象差理论,导出了在任意象平面中象差系数的普遍公式。它们可以用Glaser导出的象差系数的线性组合来表示。这就表明了宽束与细束电子光学系统的象差都可以用统一的变分方法处理,并建立了两者之间的联系,本文采用矢量形式描写阴极透镜的近轴轨迹,并采用矩阵形式描写象差。本文所得的象差系数较之文献上已有结果形式更为简洁且适用于计算机计算。本文考虑了阴极面上磁场和横向电场不为零的情况,因而所得结果较为普遍。 关键词：     

宽束和细束电磁复合聚焦球面阴极透镜的象差理论

本文研究了对宽束和细束阴极透镜普遍适用的电磁复合聚焦球面阴极透镜的象差理论。在考虑物场和象场弯曲以及阴极面上磁场和横向电场不为零的情况下,导出了任意理想象面上的一级近轴横向象差和包括色象差在内的全部三级横向象差矩阵公式。所得的结果较为完整、普遍。本文详细讨论了宽束和细束阴极透镜的关系,并用轨迹法和变分法严格证明了:当考虑阴极面逸出电子具有一定的初能量和初角度分布,并采用准规范化电位表示的近轴轨迹方程来讨论系统的理想成象时,宽束和细束两类阴极透镜从象差理论以至导出的三级横向象差、象差系数表示式都可以统一起来。本文采用矢量描写轨迹,运用矩阵表示象差,形式简洁,象差系数积分收敛,适合于计算机计算。 关键词：     

透射式内调焦宽光谱光学系统的设计与分析

为了在实现系统内调焦的同时保证宽光谱系统的优良像质,通过合理选材对宽光谱光学系统中存在的位置色差以及二级光谱进行校正,并提出了一种内调焦宽光谱光学系统的设计方法.建立内调焦消色差的数学模型,推导系统设计所需满足的公式.结合提出的数学模型与推导出的公式,以焦距为90mm、F数为2.8、具备内调焦功能的宽光谱光学系统为例进行验证.结果表明,系统可在420~900nm的宽光谱范围内对0.2~200km位置内的目标进行色差校正,验证了内调焦宽光谱光学系统设计方法与消色差数学模型的正确性.     

Theory of paraxial lateral aberrations of electrostatic imaging electrostatic electron optics based on asymptotic solutions and its verification

In imaging electron optics, study of geometrical lateral aberrations of third order and paraxial lateral aberrations of second order has traditionally been paid more attention to, but the existence of paraxial chromatic aberrations of third order and paraxial chromatic aberrations of magnification of third order was almost ignored, and the general form of paraxial lateral aberration has not been studied theoretically.In the present paper, the paraxial lateral aberrations expressed in general form have been derived emphatically on the basis of asymptotic solutions of paraxial equation. The relationship between the coefficients of asymptotic solutions has been investigated, which proves that the coefficients of asymptotic solutions are related each other. Through a bi-electrode electrostatic spherical concentric system model, two special solutions expressed by asymptotic solutions and accurate solutions in a bi-electrode electrostatic spherical concentric system have been deduced, and the paraxial lateral aberrations have been verified and tested, in which the aberration coefficients are solved by asymptotic solutions of paraxial equation. Result completely proves that the approach based on asymptotic solutions to solve the paraxial lateral aberrations are practicable and accurate enough. The paraxial chromatic aberration of magnification of third order and the paraxial chromatic aberration of third order have been firstly derived, and the Recknagel-Artimovich formula of paraxial chromatic aberration of second order which possess an greatest part in the whole paraxial lateral aberrations has been deduced and confirmed. A simple and clear form for expressing paraxial lateral aberrations of imaging electron optics is suggested for practical use. Results of the present paper will have theoretical value for aberration theory of imaging electron optics and practical significance for the design of image tubes.     

Analysis of beam quality for the laser beams after spectral beam combining

The beam quality of the laser beams after spectral beam combining (SBC) has been analyzed in this paper. Based on the propagation model of the spectral beam combining system, the expression for the output field of an individual beam passing through the spectral beam combining system with lens aberration has been given and the intensity distribution of the combined beam has been studied by the principle of incoherent superposition. Consequently, according to the intensity second-order moments method, the M²-factor of the combined beam has been calculated and the effect of lens aberration on the characteristics of the combined beam has been analyzed quantitatively. It can be shown that the SBC system can improve the beam quality of laser array significantly, and the M²-factor of the combined beam passing through the ideal spectral beam combining system is almost the same as that of an individual beam. For the spectral beam combining system with lens aberration, the spherical aberration has greater effect on the off-axis beam than on the on-axis beam, and the beam quality of combined beam degrades with increase in lens aberration.     

光学系统的偏振像差研究

综合论述了偏振像差的理论,给出了具体的例子,指出偏振是影响光学系统性能的一个重要因素,要想提高光学系统的性能,必须控制光学系统的偏振像差,而且光学系统设计必须与光学薄膜的设计结合起来。     

Third-order aberration analysis of tilted-pupil optical systems

The aberration field of an optical system with a tilted pupil is explored through expanding the vector expressions of the third-order wavefront aberrations. First, the vector forms of the wavefront aberrations are modified to obtain the aberration expressions with the pupil tilted; full field displays of coma and astigmatism in this situation are given. Then, the third-order aberration formulas with the pupil decentered and tilted simultaneously are derived and discussed. Finally, an example is taken to certify the validity of aberration distribution properties.