食用植物油中氯丙醇酯及缩水甘油酯的国家标准检测方法的改进北大核心CSCD

针对国家标准方法GB 5009.191-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中氯丙醇及其脂肪酸酯含量的测定》第三法中存在的目标物响应偏低、净化过程复杂等问题,优化了酯键断裂反应条件、净化方式及衍生条件,提出了气相色谱-串联质谱法测定食用植物油中2-氯-1,3-丙二醇酯、3-氯-1,2-丙二醇酯及缩水甘油酯的方法。改进的试验条件如下:使用含0.5 mol·L^(-1)甲醇钠的甲醇溶液在室温下反应6 min,将氯丙醇酯水解为相应的氯丙醇;以体积比8∶2的甲基叔丁基醚-乙酸乙酯混合液为提取剂,并对样品提取2次;以300μL含4%(体积分数)七氟丁酰基咪唑的正己烷溶液为衍生剂,于70℃反应20 min,完成对氯丙醇的衍生。在改进的方法中,2-氯-1,3-丙二醇和3-氯-1,2-丙二醇标准曲线的线性范围均为30~200μg·kg^(-1)(低浓度水平)和300~3200μg·kg^(-1)(高浓度水平),检出限均为10μg·kg^(-1)。按照标准方法进行回收试验,回收率为82.3%~109%,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于9.0%。方法用于分析5种食用植物油样品,结果显示5种食用植物油中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇酯均有检出,质量分数为209.2~783.4 mg·kg^(-1),其中杏仁油中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇酯的含量水平偏高,存在一定潜在风险。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中禁用的9种有机磷阻燃剂

建立了液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)对纺织品中9种禁用有机磷阻燃剂:磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)、三-(2,3-二溴丙基)磷酸酯(TRIS)、三-(1,3-二氯丙基)磷酸酯(TDCP)、三-(邻甲苯基)磷酸酯(TOCP)、磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、2,2-二(氯甲基)-1,3-丙二醇双[双(2氯乙基)]磷酸酯(V6)、磷酸叔丁基二苯酯(MDPP)、磷酸苯基(二叔丁基苯基)酯(DBPP)和磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯(TCPP)的检测方法。在40℃条件下,以丙酮为溶剂超声萃取30 min,溶液经过滤后进行UPLC-MS/MS检测。在所确定的色谱条件下,线性范围为0.005~10 mg/L,回收率为83.1%~109.8%,相对标准偏差为5.4%~9.7%,检出限为0.06~25μg/L(S/N=3)。     

酶法合成3-氯-1,2-丙二醇棕榈酸二酯-D5的研究

以环氧氯丙烷-D_5为起始原料,经水解反应得到3-氯-1,2-丙二醇-D_5,然后和棕榈酰氯在固定化脂肪酶催化下得到稳定同位素标记的3-氯-1,2-丙二醇棕榈酸二酯-D_5。以消耗的环氧氯丙烷-D_5计算,3-氯-1,2-丙二醇棕榈酸二酯-D_5的总产率为52.4%。产品结构、纯度和氘同位素丰度经核磁共振波谱(NMR)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)和质谱(MS)等仪器表征确定,3-氯-1,2-丙二醇棕榈酸二酯-D_5的色谱纯度和氘同位素丰度均高于99.0%。该化合物可以作为稳定同位素内标试剂,用于油脂中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇棕榈酸二酯的含量检测。     

氯化亚铜催化3-氯-1-丁烯异构为1-氯-2-丁烯研究

采用一价铜盐为催化剂、二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,在均相体系中催化3-氯-1-丁烯异构化生成1-氯-2-丁烯.考察了溶剂、反应温度、催化剂种类和加入量对反应的影响,研究发现反应温度和催化剂的加入量对异构化反应有较大影响.在最优条件3-氯-1-丁烯1 mL,二甲基甲酰胺9 mL,CuCl 0.10 g,60℃反应5 h,产物和原料的浓度比为3.88 mmol L-1.采用在线红外光谱对反应过程进行监测,检测到有红外吸收峰在反应过程中先增加后减少的变化过程,提出了可能的反应机理.     

同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱法测定食品接触纸制品中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇和1,3-二氯-2-丙醇的迁移量

建立了同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）同时测定食品接触纸制品中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇（3-MCPD）和1,3-二氯-2-丙醇（1,3-DCP）迁移量的方法。以4%（体积分数,下同）乙酸溶液、10%（体积分数,下同）乙醇溶液、50%（体积分数,下同）乙醇溶液和橄榄油为食品模拟物,根据GB 5009.156-2016和GB 31604.1-2015对样品进行迁移试验。称取迁移后的样品溶液10.00 g,经5 mL异辛烷（4%乙酸溶液、10%乙醇溶液、50%乙醇溶液）或2 mL甲醇（橄榄油）萃取,离心,氮吹至近干后,再加入含100μg·L^-1 3-MCPD-d₅和1,3-DCP-d₅的内标溶液1.0 mL,得到样品浓缩液。用气密针向样品浓缩液中加入20μL衍生试剂[含1%（质量分数）三甲基氯硅烷的N,O-双（三甲基硅烷基）三氟乙酰胺溶液],于80℃衍生60 min。采用GC-MS分析,内标法定量。结果显示：3-MCPD、1,3-DCP标准曲线的线性范围均为5～100μg·L^-1,检出限（3s）均...     

衍生化气相色谱法检测3-氨基-1,2-丙二醇

冰水冷却下将3-氨基-1,2-丙二醇加入到衍生化试剂三氟乙酸酐中,充分振荡,50℃反应30min,冷至室温后直接进气相色谱检测,面积归一法定量。在选定的实验条件下,加标回收率大于99%,测定峰面积的相对标准偏差为0.6%。该方法也可应用于3-氯-1,2-丙二醇、2-氨基-1,3-丙二醇、1,3-二氨基-2-丙醇等其它高粘度物质的检测。     

(Z)-4-(2-溴乙烯基)苯磺酸酚酯的“一锅法”合成

以3-(4-氯磺酰苯基)-2,3-二溴丙酸和酚为原料,以CH2C12-DMF(v/v:2/1)为混和溶剂,加入Et3N,在0℃-室温条件下“一锅法”反应12h,即可高立体选择性地合成(Z)4-(2-溴乙烯基)苯磺酸酚酯(Z/E:＞99/1),收率78.5-81.0％.该化合物可以简便的转化为(Z)-4-(2-溴乙烯基)...     

同位素内标-气相色谱-质谱法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中缩水甘油脂肪酸酯的含量

将奶粉样品(4.000 0g)的氨性乙醇溶液用乙醚(25,15,15 mL)和石油醚(25,15,15mL)先后3次提取其脂肪;合并上层液相,蒸发除去溶剂后于(100±2)℃烘干,于4℃保存。称取上述脂肪(0.100 0g)2份,分别置于塑料管A和B中[A管用于测定3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD)酯和由缩水甘油酯转化的3-MCPD的含量,B管用于测定3-MCPD酯的含量],于两管中各加叔丁基甲基醚-乙酸乙酯(8+2)混合液500μL及2.00mg·L-1d5-3-MCPD棕榈酸二酯标准溶液100μL,再加0.1mol·L-1甲醇钠-甲醇溶液1.0mL进行水解,5min后立即向A管中加入中和剂C1 200μL,并控制酸度在pH 1.0左右;同时向B管中加入中和剂C2 100μL,控制其酸度在pH 4.0左右,使水解反应终止。在A管及B管中各加正己烷3mL提取,以除去油脂类杂质。取下层水相经硅藻土小柱净化,用乙酸乙酯(3,3,15mL)洗脱3次,合并洗脱液并蒸干,加异辛烷2mL溶解残渣。于此溶液中迅速加入七氟丁酰基咪唑100μL使衍生化,30min后加入饱和氯化钠溶液2mL使反应终止。取上清液进样进行同位素内标法气相色谱-质谱分析。按公式以差量法计算缩水甘油脂肪酸酯(GEs)的含量。GEs的线性范围为13.4~402μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.015mg·kg-1。测得回收率为95.2%~103%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于4.0%。     

α-酰基环酮烷基化的初步探索及α-亚四氢呋喃-2-基环戊(己)酮的合成

a-4-氯丁酰基环戊酮和a-4-氯丁酰基环己酮极易发生分子内O-烷基化,分别生成a-亚四氢呋喃-2-基环戊酮和a-亚四氢呋喃-2-基环己酮,而不发生C-烷基化,相应的a-乙酰基环酮也不易发生C-烷基化,而在EtONa-EtOH中反应生成酮酸酯。     

氯酸钠-盐酸-氯化钠分解法溶样测定矿石中金

测定矿石中金一般多采用王水分解法;近年来也应用了一些新的分解方法.本法采用氯酸钠(或氯酸钾)-盐酸-氯化钠分解试作,利用ClO_3~-与Cl~-的反应,产生新生态的氯以氧化金,使金形成HAuCl_4进入溶液,同时加入NaCl以增加Cl_~-浓度使HAuCl_4更为稳定.本法可以适当减少氮氧化物的污染,是溶金的一个好方法.1 试验部分1.1 主要试剂氯酸钠溶液:10%氯化钠溶液:10%1.2 分析方法准确称取样品20～30g于瓷舟内,放进马弗炉,升温至400℃,焙烧0.5h,然后升温至650℃,再焙烧1h.取出冷却,将矿佯掸入400ml烧杯中,用水润湿,加入氯化钠溶液5ml,盐酸溶液(1 1)50ml,分2次加入氯     

气相色谱/质谱法测定植物油中脂肪酸氯丙醇酯

采用苯基硼酸(PBA)衍生化-气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,建立了同时检测植物油中脂肪酸3-氯-1,2-丙二醇酯和脂肪酸2-氯-1,3-丙二醇酯(MCPD酯)的方法.对样品前处理过程中各因素进行了优化,获得了最佳条件,即称取0.1 g左右的食用油样品,加入内标后,经0.5 mL甲醇钠/甲醇(0.5 mol/L)水解1 min,中和后用3.0 mL正己烷脱脂净化两次;以0.25 mL PBA液衍生净化液后,用2.0 mL乙酸乙酯萃取衍生物3次,萃取液经氮气吹干后,用0.5 mL异辛烷溶解,离心后取上清液用GC-MS测定,内标法定量.在此条件下,样品中MCPD酯响应是德国DGF法响应的15～33倍;杂质相对去除率高达99.1％;有关方法学指标均较为理想.在MCPD酯为25～500 ng(以MCPD计)范围内,MCPD与内标峰面积的比值和浓度呈线性相关,相关系数大于0.9990.以花生油为加标基质,在250～1000 μg/kg范围内,进行3个水平的重复加标回收实验(n=6),3-MCPD酯和2-MCPD酯的加标回收率分别为81.1％～92.3％和103％～120％;相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为6.3％～12.4％和4.9％～9.4％;检出限分别为76.0和65.0 μg/kg.利用本方法测定2011年FAPAS考核样品(棕榈油)中3-MCPD酯的含量,测定值为4.01 mg/kg.结果表明,本方法灵敏度高,定量结果准确可靠,从根本上解决了仪器系统容易被污染的问题.     

快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定沉积物中的酞酸酯

建立了快速溶剂萃取(ASE)-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(GC-MS/MS)测定沉积物中酞酸酯的方法。样品用二氯甲烷-丙酮(体积比为1:1)混合溶剂在100 ℃、103.4 MPa (1500 psi)条件下经快速溶剂萃取、以5 mL/min的速率经凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化去除大分子干扰物后,采用GC-MS/MS分析测定。采用内标法定量,17种酞酸酯的检出限为0.05～0.40 μg/kg;回收率为50.5%～107.9%,相对标准偏差为3.5%～13.9%。采用替代物基体加入法对方法的性能进行了验证,3种替代物的回收率为65.3%～95.8%。该方法快速、灵敏度高,能同时准确定性定量测定17种酞酸酯。     

Acids and their functionally substituted esters fromAmaranthus cruentus seed oil

The acid composition of seed oil ofAmaranthus cruentus and the synthesis of their glycidyl and pyridinecontaining esters are studied. It is demonstrated that 67% of the total acids are C₁₈-polyunsaturated linoleic and linolenic. A new method for preparing glycidyl esters of C₁₈-unsaturated carboxylic acids is developed by reacting their salts with ECG in an aprotic medium to produce the corresponding glycidyl esters. The reaction of the glycidyl esters and pyridine salts with carboxylic and phosphonic acids produces the propanolpyridine esters of the acids that combine the properties of the acids and pyridinium salts and are promising in the search for biologically active compounds.A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan' Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 217–219, May–June, 2000.     

Centrifugeless ultrasound‐assisted emulsification microextraction based on salting‐out phenomenon followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography for the simple determination of phthalate esters in aqueous samples

A fast, sensitive, and centrifugeless ultrasound‐assisted emulsification microextraction followed by a high‐performance liquid chromatography method is developed for the determination of some phthalate esters in aqueous samples. In this method, a simple approach is followed to eliminate the centrifugation step in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using an organic solvent whose melting point is near the ambient temperature, consumption of the extracting solvent is efficiently reduced, and the overall extraction time was found to be only 7 min. The variables affecting the method are optimized. Under the optimal experimental conditions (75 μL of 1‐undecanol, a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min, and an ultrasound irradiation of 1 min), the proposed method exhibits good preconcentration factors (52–97), low limits of detection (1.0–5.0 ng/mL), and linearities in the range of 5–1500 ng/mL (r ² ≥ 0.995). Finally, the method is successfully applied to the analysis of phthalate esters in the drinking and river water samples. To study the probable release of the phthalate esters from a polyethylene container into boiling water, the boiling water exposed to the polyethylene container was analyzed by the proposed method.     

植物油中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的一步萃取方法

为实现植物油中邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的现场快速检测,建立了气液微萃取（GLME）技术并与GC-MS检测技术联用实现了植物油中PAEs的一步萃取检测。GLME方法在气流吹扫-微注射器萃取技术的基础上建立而成。此方法定量取0.1 g植物油样品,利用GLME在5 min内完成PAEs的萃取、净化和浓缩,结合内标法确保了结果的准确性。在大豆油、调和油、橄榄油、香油等4种样品中添加200 μg/kg的15种PAEs,基质加标回收率为60.0%~112.3%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.9%~28.4%。该法操作简单、方便,准确度高,重现性好,基质干扰少,适用于现场检测和快速检测,对于保障我国食品安全、构建完整的食品安全检测体系具有重大意义。     

Development of UHPLC/Q-TOF Analysis Method to Screen Glycerin for Direct Detection of Process Contaminants 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol Esters (3-MCPDEs) and Glycidyl Esters (GEs)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA′s) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) has been investigating reports of pets becoming ill after consuming jerky pet treats since 2007. Renal failure accounted for 30% of reported cases. Jerky pet treats contain glycerin, which can be made from vegetable oil or as a byproduct of biodiesel production. Glycidyl esters (GEs) and 3-monochloropropanediol esters (3-MCPDEs) are food contaminants that can form in glycerin during the refining process. 3-MCPDEs and GEs pose food safety concerns, as they can release free 3-MCPD and glycidol in vivo. Evidence from studies in animals shows that 3-MCPDEs are potential toxins with kidneys as their main target. As renal failure accounted for 30% of reported pet illnesses after the consumption of jerky pet treats containing glycerin, there is a need to develop a screening method to detect 3-MCPDEs and GEs in glycerin. We describe the development of an ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight (UHPLC/Q-TOF) method for screening glycerin for MCPDEs and GEs. Glycerin was extracted and directly analyzed without a solid-phase extraction procedure. An exact mass database, developed in-house, of MCPDEs and GEs formed with common fatty acids was used in the screening.     

Phytic acid induced three‐dimensional graphene for the enrichment of phthalate esters from bottled water and sports beverage samples

A three‐dimensional graphene was synthesized through a hydrothermal reaction of graphene oxide with phytic acid. The microstructure and morphology of the phytic acid induced three‐dimensional graphene were investigated by nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. With a large surface area and three‐dimensional structure, the graphene was used as the solid‐phase extraction adsorbent for the extraction of phthalate esters from bottled water and sports beverage samples before high‐performance liquid chromatographic analysis. The results indicated that the graphene was efficient for the solid‐phase extraction of phthalate esters. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of the method for the analytes were 0.02–0.03 ng/mL for the water samples and 0.03–0.15 ng/mL for the sports beverage sample. The limits of quantitation (S/N = 9) for the analytes were 0.06–0.09 ng/mL for water samples and 0.09–0.45 ng/mL for sports beverage sample. The calibration curves for the phthalate esters by the method had a good linearity from 0.1 to 80.0 ng/mL with correlation coefficients larger than 0.9997. The recoveries of the analytes for the method fell in the range of 86.7–116.2% with the relative standard deviations between 1.5 and 6.8%.     

Analysis of free and esterified sterols in vegetable oil methyl esters by capillary GC

The introduction of quality standards for vegetable oil methyl esters is gaining in importance due to their increased use as diesel fuel substitutes and as technical products. Free and esterified sterols, the main constituents of the unsaponifiable matter in vegetable oils, are recovered in vegetable oil methyl esters and may influence the technical properties of vegetable oil methyl ester products. A rapid gas chromatographic method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of free and esterified sterols in vegetable oil methyl esters has therefore been developed. The concentration of the free sterols as well as their qualitative and quantitative composition and the concentration of the sterol esters have been determined in rape seed oil methyl ester samples by GC–FID. Prior to analysis, the free sterols were silylated with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide with 1% of trimethylchlorosilane; betulinol was used as an internal standard. Calibration was performed by analysis of standard solutions containing β-sitosterol, cholesteryl stearate, and betulinol. The reproducibility of the quantitative results has been evaluated by repeated injections of the same test solution and by repeated complete analysis of the same sample.     

超高效合相色谱-串联质谱法测定食用植物油和油条中15种3-氯-1,2-丙二醇脂肪酸酯

建立了超高效合相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(UPC²-MS/MS)测定食用植物油和油条中15种3-氯-1,2-丙二醇脂肪酸酯(3-MCPDE)含量的方法。3-MCPDE的结构与甘油酯极为相似,因此很难将其从植物油中分离出来。为降低基质干扰,实验以不同极性的溶剂依次洗脱载有样品的氨基填料层析柱,用UPC²和ACQUITY QDa质谱检测器分析每单元洗脱液以绘制洗脱曲线。分段收集的洗脱液经混合、浓缩和过滤后,以Viridis HSS C18 SB色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm)为分析柱,超临界CO₂和40%乙腈甲醇溶液(含0.1%甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,以97%异丙醇水溶液(含0.2%氨水)为补偿液,用配备电喷雾电离源的三重四极杆质谱在正离子、多级反应监测模式下测定,外标法定量。结果表明:15种3-MCPDE在各自范围内线性关系良好(相关系数(r²)≥0.9973),检出限为0.01~0.68 μg/L(S/N=3),定量限为0.04~1.74 μg/L(S/N=10);在3个加标水平下的平均回收率为81.6%~98.5%(n=9),相对标准偏差为1.8%~6.4%。利用该法对实际样品进行检测,并对考察范围以外的疑似3-MCPDE化合物进行了分析。该法基质兼容性强,操作简便,灵敏度高,专属性好,绿色环保,较传统方法极具优势,用于测定植物油和油条中3-MCPDE单体的种类和含量,结果满意;但该法也存在定性能力较弱、定量过度依赖单体标准品、单酯较二酯离子化效率低等问题,可作为后期研究关注的方向。     

Simultaneous separation and determination of 16 testosterone and nandrolone esters in equine plasma using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for doping control

The potential for using testosterone and nandrolone esters in racehorses to boost the biological concentrations of these steroids and enhance athletic performance is very compelling and should be seriously considered in formulating regulatory policies for doping control. In order to regulate the use of these esters in racehorses, a sensitive and validated method is needed. In this paper, we report such a method for simultaneous separation, screening, quantification and confirmation of 16 testosterone and nandrolone esters in equine plasma by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Analytes were extracted from equine plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using a mixture of methyl tert-butyl ether and ethyl acetate (50:50, v/v) and separated on a sub-2 micron C(18) column. Detection of analytes was achieved on a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer by positive electrospray ionization mode with selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Mobile phase comprised 2 mM ammonium formate and methanol. Deuterium-labeled testosterone enanthate and testosterone undecanoate were used as dual-internal standards for quantification. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 25-100 pg/mL and 100-200 pg/mL, respectively. The linear dynamic range of quantification was 100-10,000 pg/mL. For confirmation of the presence of these analytes in equine plasma, matching of the retention time with mass spectrometric ion ratios from MS/MS product ions was used. The limit of confirmation (LOC) was 100-500 pg/mL. The method is sensitive, robust, selective and reliably reproducible.