新型仿竹薄壁圆管的设计与吸能特性分析

受自然界毛竹微观结构的启发,在传统双圆管结构的基础上,在内、外圆管之间引入双菱形肋骨,设计了一种新型仿竹薄壁圆管。基于超折叠单元理论,建立了轴向压缩时仿竹薄壁圆管的理论分析模型。利用ABAQUS有限元软件对新型仿竹薄壁圆管进行轴向压缩的数值模拟,分析了双菱形肋骨数、内管直径、壁厚等因素对新型仿竹薄壁管耐撞性和变形模式的影响,并与传统双圆管结构进行了对比。结果表明:理论预测与数值模拟结果吻合,平均压缩力和比吸能的误差均在10%以内。与传统双圆管相比,新型仿竹薄壁圆管的比吸能提高了83.61%,压缩力效率提高了198.65%。肋骨数对结构耐撞性能有显著影响,随着双菱形肋骨数目的增加,结构的比吸能逐渐增加,初始峰值力也随之提高;肋骨数较少时,结构出现局部屈曲变形,影响其吸能能力。内管直径越小,初始峰值力越高;内管直径越大,比吸能越小。     

圆形手性多胞管轴向冲击下的耐撞性分析

提出了不同几何结构的新型圆形手性多胞管，开展了其在相同壁厚、相同质量条件下的耐撞性分析。研究结果表明：与传统圆管相比，圆形手性多胞管具有更好的耐撞性能；相同壁厚条件下，比能量吸收和冲击力效率比传统圆管最高分别高出66.19%和49.11%；吸能效果最好的CCMT7-20（肋板数量为7、内圆直径为20 mm）与耐撞性能最差的CCMT4-40（肋板数量为4、内圆直径为40mm）的圆形手性多胞管相比，比能量吸收和冲击力效率分别高出30.83%和22.87%。肋板数量、内圆直径和壁厚对结构耐撞性的参数化研究表明：能量吸收、初始峰值力均随着肋板数量增加而增大，比能量吸收随着肋板数量的增多变化并不明显。能量吸收、比能量吸收和冲击力效率均随着内圆直径增大而减小，管壁增厚会提升结构的能量吸收，但其初始峰值力也会相应增大。     

面内冲击荷载下半凹角蜂窝的抗冲击特性

半凹角蜂窝结构因其零泊松比特征,具有独特的变形方式。将其与传统正泊松比(正六边形)蜂窝以及负泊松比(凹角)蜂窝在面内冲击荷载作用下的抗冲击性能进行对比分析,揭示出零泊松比效应对动力学性能的影响。在给定胞元几何参数(长细比)的情况下,分析了3种蜂窝构型在不同冲击速度下的变形特征,得出半凹角蜂窝的零泊松比特性使结构的局部变形带以"Ⅰ"型为主。根据一维冲击波理论,推导出半凹角蜂窝的平均抗压强度理论公式,与有限元结果进行对比,验证了该方法的有效性。数值结果表明,半凹角蜂窝的抗冲击性能介于正六边形蜂窝和凹角蜂窝之间。通过在半凹角蜂窝内部增加直杆,设计出一种新型零泊松比蜂窝,进一步提高了蜂窝结构的抗冲击性能,可为其他结构优化设计提供一定的理论参考。     

仿马尾草薄壁结构的设计与耐撞性研究

基于马尾草茎秆的结构特征,设计了一种新型马尾草仿生薄壁管。利用有限元软件ABAQUS,分析了双圆管和马尾草仿生薄壁管在轴向压缩下的耐撞性能和能量吸收特性。结果表明：在质量相同的情况下,仿生薄壁管的比吸能提高了34.74%,压缩力效率提高了37.50%,马尾草仿生薄壁管的比吸能随壁厚的增加而单调递增;对于肋数不同、质量相同的仿生薄壁管,肋数为4的结构耐撞性最好;在肋厚不变(比吸能损失较小)的前提下,调节肋角可以降低薄壁结构的初始峰值力。为了进一步提高薄壁管的能量吸收能力,以内半径、肋角和肋厚为设计变量,进行了多目标优化。采用响应面法和遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ),使比吸能最大化的同时初始峰值载荷最小化。与最初设计的仿生薄壁管相比,优化后薄壁管的比吸能提高了13.42%。     

多阶式层级梯度蜂窝结构的共面冲击响应

为改善蜂窝结构共面的力学性能,基于传统六边形蜂窝结构,建立了六边形层级蜂窝结构,并利用层级蜂窝代替传统六边形蜂窝部分胞元层,复合成一种新型多阶式层级梯度蜂窝结构。利用显式动力学有限元方法研究了层级梯度蜂窝的共面在不同冲击速度作用下的冲击响应特性和能量吸收能力。研究结果表明：层级梯度蜂窝的变形模式与塑性坍塌强度和冲击速度有关;层级梯度蜂窝冲击端和固定端在不同冲击速度作用下的名义应力-应变曲线均与其变形模式有关;不同的复合方式会导致层级梯度蜂窝具有不同的平台应力和比吸能,且在高速冲击时其平台应力比传统六边形蜂窝提高45.4%～63.8%,能量吸收提升10.8%～34.1%。相对密度会影响层级梯度蜂窝的能量吸收能力。     

声学蜂窝结构中的拓扑角态

高阶拓扑绝缘体是近年来发现的一类具有特殊拓扑相的新型拓扑绝缘体,目前已在光学、声学等多种经典波系统中实现.本文采用数值模拟方法研究了一种二维声学蜂窝结构,通过调节胞内和胞间耦合波导管,使体能带发生反转诱导拓扑相变,进而利用拓扑相构建出声学二阶拓扑绝缘体.蜂窝结构的拓扑性质可以用量子化的四极矩Q_ij表征,当Q_ij=0时,系统是平庸的;而当Q_ij=1/2时,系统是拓扑的.基于该蜂窝结构,分别研究了六边形和三角形结构的声学高阶态,在两种构型的蜂窝结构中均观测到了孤立的零维角态,研究结果表明只有存在钝角的六边形结构对缺陷具有鲁棒性,受拓扑保护.本文的拓扑角态丰富了高阶拓扑绝缘体的研究,同时可为紧凑声学系统中的鲁棒限制声提供一条新途径.     

内旋层级类蜂窝结构的面外力学性能

结合几何学的胞元设计思路，提出了一种新型多胞结构—内旋层级类蜂窝（intorsion hierarchical honeycomb-like,IHH）结构，通过数值模拟方法对其面外力学性能和变形特征进行深入研究，并与普通蜂窝结构、填充圆管的蜂窝结构进行了比较。研究发现，采用内旋层级设计的多胞结构，其胞元内部产生了独特的约束效果，在多层级设计条件下，可以进一步加强这种约束效果，从而提高结构的力学性能。此外，通过开展参数化研究，以揭示相对密度变化对结构性能的影响；基于简化超级折叠单元理论，建立了内旋层级类蜂窝结构的理论模型。结果表明，内旋层级类蜂窝结构在渐进式折叠变形模式下表现出最佳的吸能效率，理论模型能够有效地预测内旋层级类蜂窝结构的平台应力。研究结果可为多胞结构性能优化设计提供指导。     

星形混合多胞管在多种冲击角度下的耐撞性评估

基于混合截面的设计思路，针对星形混合多胞管（star-shaped hybrid multi-cell tube,SHMT）提出了10种截面设计方案。通过数值模拟的方式，深入分析了SHMT在多种冲击角度下的耐撞性。研究发现，混合截面的连接方式以及多边形边数均对星形混合多胞管的吸能性能产生重要影响。在轴向冲击下，采用顶点连接的SHMT(SHMT-V）对于多边形边数的变化较为敏感，八边形SHMT-V(SHMT-V8）的比吸能高达24.31 J/g，相比于四边形SHMT-V(SHMT-V4）提高了71.86%；采用中点连接的SHMT(SHMT-M）拥有更强的力学响应，其碰撞力性能比SHMT-V高30%以上。在斜向冲击下，SHMT的承载能力随着冲击角度的增加而减小，截面不同的SHMT的耐撞性能表现出较大的不确定性。采用优劣解距离法对SHMT的综合耐撞性进行了评估。结果表明，八边形SHMT-M(SHMT-M8）是最优的截面设计方案。研究成果可为薄壁结构的实际应用与耐撞性优化设计提供指导。     

缺陷对金属蜂窝材料面内冲击性能的影响

 利用显式动力有限元ANSYS/LS-DYNA,数值研究了缺陷（胞元缺失）的分布位置及其尺寸对金属蜂窝材料面内冲击性能的影响。考虑到理想六边形蜂窝材料在不同冲击速度下的变形特征,将试件划分成9个子区域,讨论了缺陷集中位置、缺陷尺寸和冲击速度对蜂窝材料面内冲击变形模式和能量吸收性能的影响。研究发现,蜂窝材料的面内冲击性能依赖于缺陷的分布位置和缺陷尺寸,且在中低速时表现出较高的敏感性,但冲击速度的增加将弱化缺陷分布不均匀性的影响。由于缺陷的存在,蜂窝材料的能量吸收能力明显降低,但与缺陷分布位置相比,蜂窝材料单位体积所吸收的能量更敏感于缺陷尺寸。研究结果将为多胞材料的安全性评估及能量吸收设计提供理论指导和依据。     

喷雾夹角对柴油机性能影响的数值模拟

为研究喷雾夹角对柴油机性能的影响,应用STAR-CD程序对不同喷雾夹角的燃烧过程进行三维数值模拟.计算结果表明喷雾夹角决定了油束在燃烧室的空间分布和燃油与壁面的碰撞参数,进而影响到燃油的雾化与燃烧.当碰撞距离增加,燃油雾化时间增加.当撞壁入射角度减小,燃油壁面涂布能力增强,促进燃油蒸发雾化.当油束将燃烧室有效容积等分时,油气混合均匀,具有良好的燃烧效果.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.