Lipids of the fruit of Pyrus communis

The compositions of the various groups of liposoluble compounds in the peel and flesh of the fruitPyrus communis of the varieties Williams and Bere Ardanpon have been established and their amounts have been determined by chromatographic and chemical methods. The qualitative compositions have been shown to be identical and characteristic quantitative differences have been found in the lipids of individual elements of these pairs. The fatty acid compositions of the lipids have been studied.M. V. Lomonosov Technological Institute of the Food Industry, Odessa, Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 175–180, March–April, 1989.     

Lipids of the leaf vegetables Spinacea oleracea,Latuca sativa,and Rumex acetosa

The class compositions of the lipids of leaf vegetables —Spinacea oleracea (variety Ispolinskii),Latuca sativa (variety Kucheryavets Odesskii), andRumex acetosa (variety Odesskii-17) have been studied. The compositions of their NLs (17 groups of individual compounds were identified), GLs (nine groups of compounds were found), and PhLs (seven groups of compounds have been found) have been determined by physicochemical methods of analysis. The maximum amount of the total lipids and also of the PhLs was possessed by the spinach. Among the FAs of the leaf vegetables, USFAs predominated.M. V. Lomonosov Technological Institute of the Food Industry, Odessa. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 199–205, March–April, 1993.     

Lipids of the fruit ofAcanthopanax sessiliflorus

In the lipids of the seeds and pericarp of the introduced speciesAcanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Seem (familyAraliaceae), 23 classes of compounds have been detected, of which 19 have been identified. Sixteen of the classes have been studied. The lipids of the pericarp contain a more complex set of components than the seeds. Hydroxyacyldiacylglycerides, fatty acid methyl esters, and a complex group of pthalicacidesters have been detected in the familyAraliaceae for the first time. The fatty acid compositions of the seed and pericarp lipids are characterized by a high level of petroselinic acid.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 760–766, November–December, 1985.     

Lipids of the root crop Beta vulgaris

The composition and the amounts of various groups of neutral lipids and of glyco- and phospholipids in the root cropBeta vulgaris of the varieties bordeaux and Nosovskaya ploskaya have been investigated by a combination of chromatographic and chemical methods. About 30 groups of lipid compounds were identified, among which free sterols and their glycosides, diand triacylglycerols, monogalactosyldiglycerides and their acyl derivatives, phosphatidylglycetols, phosphatidylcholides, and phosphatidic acids predominated. The fatty acid composition, determined by GLC, was represented by 11 components, of which about 90% consisted of linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids.A. V. Bogatskii Physicochemical Institute of the UkrSSR Academy of Sciences, Odessa. Translated from Khimiya Priorodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 357–360, May–June, 1988.     

The seed oils of some species of the family Cruciferae

Summary The physicochemical properties of the oils of the seeds of seven plants of the family Cruciferae —Cakile maritima, Sisymbrium altissimum, Sisymbrium Loeselii, Descurainia Sophia, Erysimum cheiranthoides, Brassica amoracioides andCrambe pontica — have been studied and their fatty acid compositions have been determined. The results obtained showed no marked differences from those given in the literature.Zaporozhe Medical Institute. Ukrainian Scientific-Research Institute of the Oils and Fats Industry. Zaporozhe Oils and Fats Combine. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 15–18, January–February, 1973.     

Lipid complex of Peganum harmala

The lipid complex of the seeds ofPeganum harmala (fam. Zygophyllaceae) has been investigated. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the neutral lipids and the phospholipids have been studied. The fatty acid compositions of the acyl-containing lipids have been determined and it has been shown that in the triacylglycerols and phosphatidylethanolamines the sn-2 position is esterified mainly by linoleic acid.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 625–627, November–December, 1992.     

Lipids of cottonseed kernels

The free, bound, and strongly bound lipids of the seed kernels of the cotton plant of variety 108-F have been studied. It has been shown that the free and bound lipids include 97.3% and 47.6% of neutral lipids, respectively. The polar lipids consist mainly of phospholipids and glycolipids. Two groups of glycolipids — sterol glycosides and glycosylglycerides — have been isolated and their compositions have been determined.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 435–438, July–August, 1983.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Phospholipid and fatty acid composition of Echinodermata. I. ClassOphiuroidea

The phospholipid compositions of five species of marine ophiuroids belonging to the classOphiuroidea have been investigated. It has been shown that the phosphatidylethanolamines contain almost solely ether bonds in the first position of the glycerophospholipids. The amount of the plasmalogen form in the phosphatidylethanolamines averages 89.8% (82.3–96.2%) and the amount of the alkyl form 9.8% (3.8–17.7%). The compositions of the fatty acids, fatty aldehydes, and alkyl ethers in the two main classes of phospholipids — phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine — have been studied. The main acids found were eicosatetraenoic and eicosapentaenoic, the total amount of which was 53%. It has been shown that the ophiuroids can be used as promising objects for the investigation of the metabolism of alkoxylipids and for their preparative isolation.Volga Basin Ecological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Tol'yatti. Translated from Khimya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 547–551, September–October, 1986.     

Post-infection changes in lipids of the roots of a cotton plant variety moderately resistant to Verticillium dahliae

A comparative study has been made of the lipid composition of healthy roots of the cotton plant of the Tashkent-1 variety (I) and of the corresponding plants infected withVerticillium dahliae Kleb. (II) grown under field conditions. The action of the factors of infection stress and seasonal and climatic conditions change the lipid metabolism. In lipids (I) and (II) seven classes of neutral lipids (NLs), three classes of glycolipids, and six classes of phospholipids (PLs) were identified and their fatty acid compositions were determined. It was established that in (II) there was a smaller amount of total lipids, NLs, and PLs, and an increased level of polyphenolic pigments, but the level of gossypol pigments with free aldehyde groups was unchanged. In the NLs of (II), as compared with (I), there were more triacylglycerols, sterols, triterpenols, and squalene. Complex changes were observed in the fatty acid composition of the acyl-containing lipids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 59–63, January–February, 1989.     

Polar lipids of cotton seeds and the products of their processing

The compositions and amounts of polar lipids in cotton seeds and the products of their processing have been investigated. Six glycolipids have been identified, the main ones being monogalactosyldiglyceride (MGDGs), digalactosyldiglycerides (DGDGs), and sterol glycosides. The fatty acid compositions of the neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids have been determined. In the glycolipids, saturated fatty acids — palmitic and stearic — predominated.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Republic Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 194–198, March–April, 1993.     

Metabolites of the pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae VI. Pentaketide metabolites and neutral lipids of virulent and avirulent strains

Summary A comparative study of the amounts of the phytotoxic pigment PKZh-1 and of extracellular and intracellular lipids in five strains and mutants ofVerticillium dahliae differing in virulence and in the nonpathogenic fungusV. lateritium has been made. A definite correlation has been found between virulence and PKZh-1 content.It has been established that the extracellular lipids are produced in considerable amounts by the virulent strains while in the avirulent mutants and inV. lateritium they are absent or present in only very small amount. The contents of neutral lipids in the mycelia of strains and mutants differing in virulence do not differ significantly. There are definite differences in the compositions of the neutral lipids and in the fatty-acid compositions of the individual classes of lipids.From the culture liquid of one of the avirulent strains (R-196), 3,6,8-trihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-one has been isolated.V. I. Lenin State University. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 632–635, September–October, 1977.     

Effect of a wilt infection on the neutral lipids of cotton leaves

The composition of the neutral lipids of leaves of a cotton plant of the wilt-resistant variety 175-F, the set of components in the fatty acid composition of the lipid classes, and the partial structures of the triacylglycerides have been determined. The changes taking place in the composition and structure of these lipids on artificial infection of the plant by the fungal pathogenVerticillium dahliae have been elucidated.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 477–483, September–October, 1992.     

Lipids of the fruit of Diospyros kaki

The composition and amounts of the various groups of liposoluble compounds in the rind and flesh of persimmon fruit of the varieties Hachiya and Hyakume have been established by a combination of chromatographic and chemical methods. The identity of the qualitative composition of the lipids of the flesh and rind of the fruit and quantitative differences in the amounts of individual groups have been found. A total of 24 groups of compounds were identified, the main ones of which were monogalactosyldiglycerides, carotenoids, diacylglycerols, ceramide oligosides, digalactosyldiglycerides, phosphatidylglycerols; phosphatidylcholines, and free and glycosylated sterols. In the fatty acid composition of the lipids unsaturated fatty acids — linolenic, oleic, linoleic, and palmitoleic — predominated (>70%).M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 501–505, July–August, 1987.     

Lipids of the seeds of Cynoglossum officinale

The compositions of the lipids and fatty acids of the seeds ofCynoglossum officinale, familyBoraginaceae have been established. The bulk of the lipids consisted of netural compounds (95.2%), while the amounts of glycolipids and phospholipids were 3.1 and 1.7%, respectively. Among the fatty acids, in addition to the usual components, acids characteristic for theBoraginaceae family have been found: 18:3 (6, 9, 12), 18:3 (9, 12, 15), 18:4 (6, 9, 12, 15), 20:1 (11), 22:1 (13), and 24:1 (15).Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. South Urals Reservation, Bashkir. Institute of Chemistry, Bashkir Scientific-Center, Urals Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 758–762, November–December, 1991.     

Fatty aldehydes of the phosphatidylethanolamines of marine invertebrates

The compositions of the fatty aldehydes from the phosphatidylethanolamines of 26 species of marine invertebrates belonging to nine classes of six types have been investigated. It has been shown that for the aldehydes of all the animals investigated a high degree of saturation and the presence of substantial amounts of branched aldehydes and aldehydes with odd numbers of carbon atoms in the chain of the molecule are characteristic. The amounts of the main — 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and 20:1 — aldehydes changes appreciably according to the systematic position occupied by the animal; the nature of their distribution can serve to a certain extent as a chemotaxonomic marker. The bryozoanBugula neritina differs from all the other animals studied by an unusually high content of the 17:0 aldehyde and the almost complete absence of unsaturated aldehydes.Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 621–625, September–October, 1989.     

Chemical composition of Ledum palustre

Summary Extraction of the herbLedum palustre with liquefied carbon dioxide and Khladon-11 has yielded 10 individual substances belonging to various classes and various groups of organic compounds: hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and flavonoids.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 127–130, January–February, 1978.     

Steroid saponins II. Glycosides of Tribulus terrestris

Summary 1. It has been established that the epigeal part ofTribulus terrestris L. contains five steroid saponins. Diosgenin was identified as the aglycone of all these compounds.2. The carbohydrate compositions of the saponins have been determined.For Communication I, see Izv. Akad. Nauk MSSR Ser. Khim. i Biol. Nauk,1971, No. 4, 76.Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Moldavian SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 475–477, July–August, 1972.     

O-acylated lignans from the wood of Abies species

Summary From the wood of the Siberian firAbies sibirica Ledeb. and the Khingan firA. nephrolepis Maxim., five new compounds have been isolated which are ester derivatives of the lignans lariciresinol, olivil, and hydroxymatairesinol.It has been established that olivil is esterified at the primary alcoholic hydroxyl by hydroxycinnamic acids — p-coumaric or ferulic — and lariciresinol is esterified by vanillic acid. A representative of the guaialignanolides — hydroxymatairesinol — is esterified at the secondary aliphatic hydroxy group with p-hydroxybenzoic or vanillic acid.Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 337–341, May–June, 1977.     

Composition of the neutral lipids of Chlorella vulgaris

Summary The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the neutral lipids and the fatty-acid composition of the individual classes of neutral lipids isolated from fresh, freeze-dried, and air-dry cells of the algaChlorella vulgaris have been investigated.The presence of natural fatty acid methyl esters in the lipid extract of the fresh and air-dry chlorella cells has been established.It has been shown that the fatty acid methyl ester fraction is enriched with palmitic acid as compared with the triglyceride and free fatty acid fractions.The main unsaturated acids of the chlorella lipids contain the first double bond in the ⁹ position.Division of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 49–53, January–February, 1978.