利用视标和波前数据的NCSF测量

搭建了基于波前像差的神经对比敏感度测定系统,利用Hartman-Shack波前像差传感器测量人眼波前像差,以及高空间频率的对比敏感度测量仪测量全视觉对比敏感度函数,进而得到人眼的神经对比敏感度.和传统激光干涉方法测量神经对比敏感度相比较,本文的测定方法,避免了激光干涉所产生的相干噪音和激光散斑不利因素,并且可以得到白光神经对比敏感度NCSF.对不同人眼分别对绿光和白光视网膜神经对比敏感度进行了测定,测试结果表明：在同等亮度下,绿光的神经对比敏感度远高于白光神经对比敏感度|绿光和白光的对比敏感度曲线的最大值出现在空间频率为8 c/deg附近,而其神经对比敏感度曲线的最大值出现在相对高一些12 c/deg附近的空间频率上.     

利用视标和波前数据的NCSF测量

搭建了基于波前像差的神经对比敏感度测定系统,利用Hartman-Shack波前像差传感器测量人眼波前像差,以及高空间频率的对比敏感度测量仪测量全视觉对比敏感度函数,进而得到人眼的神经对比敏感度.和传统激光干涉方法测量神经对比敏感度相比较,本文的测定方法,避免了激光干涉所产生的相干噪音和激光散斑不利因素,并且可以得到白光神经对比敏感度NCSF.对不同人眼分别对绿光和白光视网膜神经对比敏感度进行了测定,测试结果表明:在同等亮度下,绿光的神经对比敏感度远高于白光神经对比敏感度;绿光和白光的对比敏感度曲线的最大值出现在空间频率为8c/deg附近,而其神经对比敏感度曲线的最大值出现在相对高一些12c/deg附近的空间频率上.     

主客观结合人眼波前像差测量系统的设计与实验

设计了主客观方法相结合的人眼波前像差测量系统。该系统的控制部分以工控机为中心,实现了对离焦补偿装置、LCD视标显示装置和可变形镜驱动器的控制。使用Hartmann-Shack传感器对人眼出瞳的波前像差进行测量,光路中加入了能够显示各种视标和测试图案的LCD,从而考虑到了主观调节对人眼像差的影响,能够对人眼的视觉质量进行全面衡量,实现了客观测量和主观测量在光路中的结合。使用该系统分别测量得到了模拟眼和活体人眼的波前像差,并对主客观测量结果进行了信息融合,能够为个性化的人眼屈光矫正提供有用的依据。     

人眼的高级像差对视功能的影响

准确测量和分析人眼的高级像差有助于更好地改善视觉,具有重要的实验和临床意义。测量了实际人眼的波前像差,分析了高级像差对人眼视功能的影响。像差数据由哈特曼-夏克（Hartmann-Shack）波前传感器分别对不同瞳孔的人眼进行测量而获得,视功能的评价方法采用了调制传递函数（MTF）、对比敏感度函数（CSF）、斯特雷尔（Strehl）比率。由人眼的波前像差数据和视网膜空间像调制度（AIM）曲线直接给出了视锐度值与对比敏感度值。矫正了离焦与像散后．被测者的平均视锐度值达到了1．0,对比敏感度在低频（20c／mm）处约为52,高频（80c／mm）处约为1;矫正了前4阶像差后,平均视锐度值可提高到1．2,对比敏感度在低频（20c／mm）处提高到96,高频（80c／mm）处提高到7。实际人眼各不相同,达到理想成像需矫正高级像差的阶数也不同。矫正了前九阶像差后,均可达到理想成像,斯特雷尔比率值大于0．8。     

光学相关论题 视觉光学

R339.142006010793人眼的高级像差对视功能的影响=I mpact of higher-orderwavefront aberrations of human eyes on vision performance[刊,中]/王杨(南开大学现代光学研究所.天津(300071)),王肇圻…∥光学学报.—2005,25(11).—1519-1525测量了实际人眼的波前像差,分析了高级像差对人眼视功能的影响。像差数据由哈特曼-夏克(Hart mann-Shack)波前传感器分别对不同瞳孔的人眼进行测量而获得,视功能的评价方法采用了调制传递函数(MTF)、对比敏感度函数(CSF)、斯特雷尔(Strehl)比率。由人眼的波前像差数据和视网膜空间像调制度(AI M)曲…     

基于波前像差的视网膜空间像调制度测定

提出了一种计算复色光下人眼视网膜空间像调制度的方法.利用Hartmann-Shack波前传感器测量的波前像差数据，求得眼睛光学系统的调制传递函数；利用CSV-1000测试仪和VAF-1000视锐度测试仪分别测量同一只眼睛的全眼对比敏感度函数以及视锐度，由调制传递函数、对比敏感度函数以及视锐度之间的关联获得复色光下人眼视网膜空间像调制度曲线.结果表明：视网膜空间像调制度曲线与眼光学系统的调制传递函数无关，并且正常人眼（无视网膜疾病）的视网膜空间像调制度值相近.因此多眼的空间像调制度曲线的统计平均值可以作为标准，用来评判人眼视网膜及视神经疾病.     

人眼波前像差的动态特性研究

人眼波前像差随时间涨落会引起人眼光学性能和视觉功能的改变.采用改进的HartmannShack波前传感器人眼像差仪对10只屈光度为0D~-5.0D、直径为3mm和6mm的人眼瞳孔的波前像差进行测量,其中每只人眼在5s内连续测量125次,测量频率为25Hz.为确定测量过程中是否引入人为像差,对人造眼3mm和6mm瞳孔的动态波前像差进行测量比对.结果表明:所测量的10只人眼3mm和6mm瞳孔总的Zernike波前像差均方根涨落幅度的平均值分别为0.087μm和0.105μm,均大于Marechal衍射极限;Zernike第3阶到第7阶波前像差均方根涨落幅度随像差阶数的递增而下降,涨落幅度为0.06~0.02μm;人眼波前像差的涨落频率达6Hz.     

基于个性化人眼模型的大视场波像差特性的研究

大视场波前像差对人眼光学系统的影响不容忽视。运用Zemax光学设计软件分别为8只正常人眼构建了个性化的人眼模型,该人眼模型由实际测量的人眼波前像差数据、角膜地形数据及眼内各部分轴向间距数据优化得来,与个体人眼具有相同的光学特性。在此基础上,分析了人眼颞侧方向0°,10°,20°,30°,40°,50°视场的离轴像差随视场角的变化趋势,得出边缘视觉比中央视觉质量差主要来源在于像散与彗差。四阶以上的高阶像差随着视场角的改变,变化不大。将个性化人眼模型计算得到的大视场波前像差值与用哈特曼夏克(Hartmann-Shack)波前传感器实际测量得到的人眼像差值相比较,两者结果相吻合。     

用于人眼视网膜成像照明的激光消散斑技术研究

以近红外激光(808 nm)作为人眼波前像差探测的信号光和视网膜成像的照明光,液晶空间光调制器(LCOS)作为波前校正器,用哈特曼波前探测器探测人眼像差,构建了人眼像差自适应校正的视网膜成像系统.利用模拟眼分析了激光散斑对相机成像的影响和对哈特曼波前探测器进行像差探测的影响,同时验证了利用旋转散射体的方法消除激光散斑的可行性和有效性;用活体人眼进行了激光消散斑前后照明视网膜进行成像的对比实验,并进一步利用自适应光学技术实现了对人眼像差的动态校正和视网膜细胞的连续成像.校正后,系统波前像差的均方根值小于0.1λ.实验表明激光消散斑后可以同时作为人眼像差探测的信号光和视网膜成像的照明光,从而可以进行连续自适应校正和成像.     

主客观相结合眼波面像差分析系统

利用Hartmann-Shack波面传感器对眼出瞳位置的波面像差进行测量,根据所测像差控制可变形镜对像差进行实时补偿.眼像差以Zernike多项式表示,通过对可变形镜的精确控制,可在光路中生成特定模式和幅值的像差.因此,被测者根据视觉的主观感觉,调节视标像差,直至获得最满意的视觉效果.该系统采用移动三棱镜和柱镜的方法对离焦和散光进行预补偿,弥补了波面传感器测量范围和可变形镜矫正范围受限制的缺点.该系统把快速、客观的测量及补偿和主观调整相结合,更加符合人眼工作的特性,可用于在人眼像差与视觉分辩的基础和临床研究.     

Measurements of retinal aerial image modulation (AIM) for white light based on wave-front aberration of human eye

The aerial image modulation (AIM) curve of retina under the condition of white light is obtained based on the wave-front aberration of human eye. According to the relationship between the wavelength and defocus, we modify the monochromatic wave-front aberration data to calculate the modulation transfer function (MTF) of human eye in the white-light illumination. Combined with the measurement of contrast sensitivity function (CSF) for complete eye and visual acuity (VA) under the same luminance condition, we deduce the AIM curve in natural light. We find that AIM varies slightly at lower and intermediate spatial frequencies among different eyes; at higher frequencies AIM is the predominant factor for VA when the wave-front aberration is not significant. In addition, retinal AIM is expressed in terms of neural contrast sensitivity function (NCSF) which is the clinical valuable for ophthalmologists. Considering the real illumination circumstance, it is of practical significance to obtain the AIM curve and NCSF curve under white-light condition.     

A method for image quality evaluation considering adaptation to luminance of surround and noise in stimuli

This study intends to quantify the effects of the surround luminance and noise of a given stimulus on the shape of spatial luminance contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and to propose an adaptive image quality evaluation method. The proposed image evaluation method extends a model called square-root integral (SQRI). The non-linear behaviour of the human visual system was taken into account by using CSF. This model can be defined as the square root integration of multiplication between display modulation transfer function and CSF. The CSF term in the original SQRI was replaced by the surround adaptive CSF quantified in this study and it is divided by the Fourier transform of a given stimulus for compensating for the noise adaptation.     

Measurements of AIM for Visible Wavelength Based on Individual Eye Model

We measure and calculate the aerial image modulation （AIM） of human retina for visible wavelengths based on the individual eye model. By employing the optical design software ZEMAX, we obtain the modulation transfer function （MTF） of human eye in visible wavelengths. Using CSV-1000 and VAF-1000, the contrast sensitivity function （CSF） and the visual acuity （VA） for the same eye are measured. Then the AIM of human retina could be acquired by the relations between MTF and CSF and between MTF and VA. The AIM of human retina is independent of MTF, and the values of AIM for normal eyes （without retina disease） are similar, so the assembly average for large numbers of normal eyes can be a standard AIM curve, which is helpful for the diagnosis of diseases in the retina system.     

The study of the effects of higher-order aberrations on human contrast sensitivity with white-light retinal aerial image modulation (AIM)

The impact of higher-order aberrations on contrast sensitivity function (CSF) is calculated using individual white-light retinal aerial image modulation (AIM). Wavefront aberrations of 26 eyes are measured with Hartmann-Shack sensor, and the CSFs in natural light are acquired through a range of 2-48 c/deg. The white-light AIM is computed as the ratio of modulation transfer function (MTF) in white-light to CSF. Through manipulating the higher-order aberrations, the affected CSF is predicted by employing the white-light AIM. We find that coma aberration mainly influences CSF at higher spatial frequency and spherical aberration affects CSF in the whole spatial frequency range non-selectively. Additionally, it is spherical aberration rather than coma that impacts the CSF more substantially. Furthermore, the maximum value of area under CSF (AUCSF) is obtained without full correction of higher-order aberration, which indicates that there is compensatory mechanism among aberrations.     

Eye models for the prediction of contrast vision in patients with new intraocular lens designs

Theoretical calculations of the polychromatic modulation transfer function (MTF) and wave-front aberration were performed with physiological eye models. These eye models have an amount of spherical aberration that is representative of a normal population of pseudophakic eyes implanted with two different types of intraocular lens (IOL) made from high-refractive-index silicone. These theoretical calculations were compared with the measured contrast sensitivity function (CSF) under mesopic lighting conditions and with wave-front aberration (obtained with a Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor) collected from 37 patients bilaterally implanted with the same types of lens. The relationships between the ocular wave-front aberration and the MTF predicted by the eye models and the CSF and the ocular wave-front aberration measured in eyes implanted with IOLs were investigated. The predicted improvements in MTF and wave-front aberration correlated well with the improvements measured in practice. Physiological eye models are therefore useful tools for IOL design.     

The study on neural contrast sensitivity function at temporal frequencies

The neural contrast sensitivity function (NCSF) of human eye at temporal frequencies is acquired with a new method in this paper. Firstly the human eye's contrast sensitivity function (CSF) at temporal frequencies is measured by means of travelling-wave stimuli, and the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the eye's optics is obtained by constructing the eye model of the subject. Then the NCSF at temporal frequencies is calculated with the two functions. It is shown that the overall value of the NCSF decreases as the temporal frequency increases. As the temporal frequency increases from 0 cycles per second (c/s) to 1 c/s, 16 c/s and 30 c/s, the NCSF curve changes from the band-pass shape to the low-pass, and then to almost monotonic variation. The attenuation factor of the NCSF, which represents the sensitivity of visual neural system to the temporal frequency, varies little as spatial frequency increases, while that of the CSF declines dramatically in the region of high spatial frequencies. Because it is the NCSF, rather than the CSF, that reflects the characteristics of visual neural system, the investigation of the NCSF at temporal frequency is more essentially.     

矩形靶标测试CCD相机调制传递函数的研究

利用矩形靶标测量CCD相机的整机调制传递函数时,由于靶标与CCD像元之间存在初始角度误差与初始位置误差,实验测得的调制传递函数小于CCD相机实际调制传递函数。根据调制传递函数的定义,模拟CCD对具有初始角度误差与初始位置误差的矩形靶标成像,推导出了CCD像元的亮度分布公式,从而给出了调制度与初始角度误差和初始位置误差的关系,并分别对具有初始角度差、初始位置差的情况进行分析。最后利用像元间的亮度差推导出计算初始角度误差的理论公式并进行了仿真验证。     

用SVGA1薄膜晶体管液晶显示器矫正人眼波像差

在研究了SVGA1薄膜晶体管液晶显示器（TFT LCD）的位相调制特性的基础上,用它作为眼波像差的矫正器件,在用哈特曼-夏克波前传感器的眼像差测量系统中对眼波像差进行了成功的矫正.对于5.2 mm的瞳孔,矫正后人眼波像差的PV值降低了3倍多,并接近瑞利判据的像差容限.对系统的光学传递函数(MTF)的分析说明,经波像差矫正后眼的空间分辨率由17 c/deg提高到38 c/deg.