液化土体中单桩的稳定性分析

根据地震场地液化特征,将土层分为表层非液化层,中部液化层以及底部基础层,基于桩-土相互作用的Winkler模型,得到考虑轴力作用的液化土层中桩-土系统的频率方程.利用此频率方程,研究了液化土层中轴压单桩的稳定性问题,分析了各种参数对受压桩临界载荷的影响.数值结果表明:桩临界荷载与抗弯刚度成正比；液化初期时,随着液化土层...     

液化土侧向扩展对具有轴向力单桩的变形影响

将地震液化场地土层分为表层的非液化土层,中部的液化土层以及底部的基础层,利用表层的非液化土层的土压力和液化土层及基层的Winkler模型,采用拟静力分析方法,建立了考虑上部结构对桩基产生的轴力和液化土侧向扩展共同作用下单桩水平变形的简单Euler梁模型,给出了问题的解析封闭解.计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,说明了封闭解的合理性.在此基础上,分析了各种参数对桩基变形响应的影响,结果表明:相比于液化土层的侧向扩展位移,桩的抗弯刚度、液化土层刚度以及轴力等参数对桩基力学性能具有较大影响,这些结果可以为工程设计提供一定的参考依据.     

考虑横向惯性效应的非饱和土中单桩的竖向动力响应

基于非饱和土的动力控制方程,考虑横向惯性效应,建立了三相非饱和介质中嵌岩桩的竖向动力响应连续介质模型,对桩侧非饱和土的动力控制方程进行Laplace变换,在频域内,通过引入势函数、算子分解等手段对控制方程进行解析,得到了桩侧土体剪应力及竖向振动位移的表达式.结合桩基的竖向振动方程及桩–土接触面的连续性条件,使桩土耦合振动系统得以解答,最终在频域内得到了桩顶复刚度、导纳、桩–土系统振动位移及应力的解析解,借助Laplace逆变换得到了半正弦激励载荷下桩顶的速度时程曲线.最后,通过算例分析验证了计算结果的准确性,分析了横向惯性、泊松比、饱和度、长径比、桩土模量比等因素对桩基动力响应的影响.结果表明:(1)单桩动刚度、阻尼、导纳等变量随频率变化发生周期性振荡,在桩基各阶固有频率处发生共振;(2)泊松比、饱和度、长径比、桩土模量比等因素对桩基的动力响应有较大影响,且频率越大,影响越明显;(3)泊松比越大,单桩动刚度、阻尼、导纳的波动幅值及对应的频率越小,桩顶时程曲线中的桩底反射信号越弱;(4)饱和度越大,对应各动力响应的波动幅值越大,且桩底反射信号的波峰越大.     

液化地基中桩的破坏机理研究进展

地震诱发的地基液化对桩基础的破坏极大,液化地基中桩的破坏机理是岩土地震工程中的一个重要研究课题。目前地基液化时桩—土—结构系统的地震性态尚没有认识充分,已有的研究内容较多局限于桩身材料的强度破坏方面,难以考虑液化土体侧向流动、基桩屈曲失稳、以及土与结构动力相互作用等复杂因素的影响。本文重点加强以下3个方面的深入探讨和研究:(1)液化地基中桩的屈曲失稳;(2)液化地基中桩基破坏的数值模拟新方法;(3)液化地基中桩-土-结构的动力相互作用分析。     

弹性或弹塑性土体中桩基的大变形分析

采用弧坐标,首先建立了位于弹性地基或弹塑性地基上并具有初始位移的桩基大变形行为的非线性微分方程组,并采用Winkeler模型来模拟地基对桩基的抗力;其次,应用微分求积方法离散非线性微分方程组,得到一组离散化的非线性代数方程,并给出了利用Newn-Raphson方法求解非线性代数方程的步骤;作为应用给出了数值算例,得到了桩顶受组合载荷作用时,变形后桩基的构形、弯矩和剪力,考察了土的弹性和弹塑性性质、桩基初始位移、荷载等参数对桩基力学行为的影响.最后将模型进行简化,得到了小变形理论的解析解,并比较了由大变形理论与小变形理论所得结果的差别.     

液化场地桩基侧向响应分析中p-y曲线模型研究进展

采用非线性Winkler地基梁模型分析侧向液化土-桩相互作用所面临的首要难题是液化土p-y曲线的确定.因此较全面地阐述了液化土p-y曲线模型的国内外研究历史、现状与重要成果,对获得液化土p-y曲线不同试验手段的典型试验作一简明分析,并概括了桩基侧向响应分析中常用的液化土p-y曲线.液化土p-y曲线的模型研究国外已取得不少很有价值的科研成果并开始用于桩基设计中,而国内才刚刚起步且以试验研究为主,基于这个事实,提出了对曲线模型研究的若干建议与认识,为曲线模型研究提供一些技术思路.液化土p-y曲线模型研究水平的提升将推动我国发展基于变形的液化场地桩基桥梁抗震设计方法.      

求解具有弹性接头桩基动力学大变形的微分—代数方法

本文采用弧坐标首先建立了求解具有弹性接头的桩基大变形分析的非线性动力学微分方程,其中, 广义Winkler模型用来模拟土对桩基的抗力.其次,在空间域内应用微分求积单元法来离散非线性微分方程组,并给出了处理弹性接头处连接条件的微分求积单元公式,得到了时间域内的一组微分-代数方程,采用二阶向后差分来代替二阶时间导数离散微分-代数方程组,得到一组离散化的非线性代数方程,应用Newton-Raphson方法求解了该非线性代数方程组.最后给出了数值算例,得到了桩基在顶部处受到组合动载荷作用时的响应,考察了弹性接头的刚度、位置对桩基动力学行为的影响.     

多孔介质中热对流的分叉机理研究

本文利用解析分析方法研究了数值模拟发现的多孔介质层中出现的对流分叉机理，指出控制方程中的Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ数，是决定流动的特征参数。当Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ数小于临界数值时，多孔介质内流动处于静止传热状态，并且这种状态是稳定的。如果Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ数大于临界数值，非线性方程出现分叉解，文中指出，存在多个使平凡解失稳而分叉的临界Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ数，当Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ数由小到大经历这些临界数值时，其由平凡解发展起来的分叉解的流态，依次由单回流区转变为双回流区及三回流区。理论分析给出了分叉解和分叉解的振幅方程，阐明了分叉的机理，其结论和数值结果定性一致．     

热超弹性材料中的空穴生成问题

研究热超弹性材料中的空穴生成问题,讨论了温度对空穴生成的影响．球体的材料为考虑温度影响的不可压Gent-Thomas材料,或者说是一种与不可压Gent—Thomas材料对应的热超弹性材料,得到了在表面死载荷作用下球体中空穴生成时的分叉曲线及临界载荷,给出了球体中的应力分布,讨论了温度对临界载荷、分叉曲线和应力分布的影响。     

基于稳定蠕变模型的软土地层桩基位移理论解

基于软土地层稳定蠕变及承压桩桩基沉降位移特性,通过构建桩底土体虚拟柱状结构等效流变模型,建立桩基沉降位移时效特性叠加力学模型及其理论解。研究桩基承载模式及其与桩顶荷载的相关关系、相应承载模式下桩基沉降位移及其时效特性。结果表明,蠕变地层中的摩擦端承桩受土体的流变特性影响,桩基总位移呈现显著的时效特性且受土体的蠕变特性支配。工程实例分析验证了所建模型和理论方法在蠕变地层的适用性。该黏弹性理论解不仅可用于稳定蠕变地层桩基长时位移预测,并可方便地拓展应用于其他蠕变地层桩基失效问题计算。     

Bifurcation and post-buckling analysis of bimodal optimum columns

A mathematical formulation of column optimization problems allowing for bimodal optimum buckling loads is developed in this paper. The columns are continuous and linearly elastic, and assumed to have no geometrical imperfections. It is first shown that bimodal solutions exist for columns that rest on a linearly elastic (Winkler) foundation and have clamped-clamped and clamped-simply supported ends. The equilibrium equation for a non-extensible, geometrically nonlinear elastic column is then derived, and the initial post-buckling behaviour of a bimodal optimum column near the bifurcation point is studied using a perturbation method. It is shown that in the general case the post-buckling behaviour is governed by a fourth order polynomial equation, i.e., near the bifurcation point there may be up to four post-buckling equilibrium states emanating from the trivial equilibrium state. Each of these equilibrium states may be either supercritical or subcritical in the vicinity of the bifurcation point. The conditions for stability of these non-trivial post-buckling states are established based on verification of positive semi-definiteness of a two-by-two matrix whose coefficients are integrals of the buckling modes and their derivatives. In the end of the paper we present and discuss numerical results for the post-buckling behaviour of several columns with bimodal optimum buckling loads.     

On the equilibrium configurations of an elastically constrained rotating disk: An analytical approach

According to the linear theory of vibration for spinning disks, the backward traveling waves of some of the modes may have zero natural frequency at what are called the critical speeds. At these speeds, the linear equations of motion cannot properly predict the amplitude response of the spinning disk, and nonlinear equations of motion must be used. In this paper, geometrical nonlinear equations of motion based on Von Karman plate theory are employed to study the dynamics of an elastically constrained disk near its critical speeds. A one-mode approximation is used to examine the effect of elastic constraint on the amplitude response. Presenting the equations in a space-fixed coordinate system, this study aims to find closed-form solutions for some of the equilibrium configurations of an elastically constrained spinning disk. Also, the stability of these configurations is studied using analytical techniques. It is shown that below the critical speed, one neutrally stable equilibrium solution exists, while above it, a bifurcation occurs. In this situation, two more branches of equilibrium configurations emerge, one of which is neutrally stable and the other unstable. Closed-form expressions for the bifurcation points are obtained. Due to the effect of an elastic constraint, a bifurcation occurs and the previously neutrally stable equilibrium configuration turns unstable. Also at this bifurcation point, two more branches of equilibrium solutions emerge.     

复合地基承载特性的弹塑性分析

对桩及承台采用线弹性有限元模型,对承台下桩周土采用弹塑性有限元模型,对群桩以外的土体采用线弹性无限元模型,在桩土接触面上设置接触面单元,利用三维弹塑性有限元对桩%D土%D承台相互作用进行了分析。得出了如下结论 :承台下桩顶反力总体表现出角桩最大,边桩次之,中桩最小的分布规律,随着作用在承台上的荷载增大,桩顶反力趋于均匀分布,承台下桩侧摩阻力是由桩端向桩顶逐渐发展的,承台对桩上部侧摩擦阻力存在“削弱作用”。为了验证本文方法的可行性,对承台下有九桩的情况进行了静载试验,将试验结果与本文计算结果进行了比较。     

Long-term non-linear behaviour and buckling of shallow concrete-filled steel tubular arches

This paper presents a theoretical analysis for the long-term non-linear elastic in-plane behaviour and buckling of shallow concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arches. It is known that an elastic shallow arch does not buckle under a load that is lower than the critical loads for its bifurcation or limit point buckling because its buckling equilibrium configuration cannot be achieved, and the arch is in a stable equilibrium state although its structural response may be quite non-linear under the load. However, for a CFST arch under a sustained load, the visco-elastic effects of creep and shrinkage of the concrete core produce significant long-term increases in the deformations and bending moments and subsequently lead to a time-dependent change of its equilibrium configuration. Accordingly, the bifurcation point and limit point of the time-dependent equilibrium path and the corresponding buckling loads of CFST arches also change with time. When the changing time-dependent bifurcation or limit point buckling load of a CFST arch becomes equal to the sustained load, the arch may buckle in a bifurcation mode or in a limit point mode in the time domain. A virtual work method is used in the paper to investigate bifurcation and limit point buckling of shallow circular CFST arches that are subjected to a sustained uniform radial load. The algebraically tractable age-adjusted effective modulus method is used to model the time-dependent behaviour of the concrete core, based on which solutions for the prebuckling structural life time corresponding to non-linear bifurcation and limit point buckling are derived.     

Analysis of nonlinear stability and post-buckling for Euler-type beam-column structure

Based on the assumption of finite deformation, the Hamilton variational principle is extended to a nonlinear elastic Euler-type beam-column structure located on a nonlinear elastic foundation. The corresponding three-dimensional (3D) mathematical model for anaiyzing the nonlinear mechanical behaviors of structures is established, in which the effects of the rotation inertia and the nonlinearity of material and geometry are considered. As an application, the nonlinear stability and the post-buckling for a linear elastic beam with the equal cross-section located on an elastic foundation are analyzed.One end of the beam is fully fixed, and the other end is partially fixed and subjected to an axial force. A new numerical technique is proposed to calculate the trivial solution,bifurcation points, and bifurcation solutions by the shooting method and the Newton-Raphson iterative method. The first and second bifurcation points and the corresponding bifurcation solutions are calculated successfully. The effects of the foundation resistances and the inertia moments on the bifurcation points are considered.     

Qualitative study of cavitated bifurcation for a class of incompressible generalized neo-Hookean spheres

IntroductionIn 1 958,GentandLindleyobservedthephenomenonofsuddenvoidnucleationinsolidsexperimentallyintensioningahomogenousclose_grainedvulcanizedrubbercylinderforthefirsttime.ButthemathematicalmodelonvoidnucleationandgrowthhasnotbeendescribedasabifurcationproblembasedonthetheoryofnonlinearelasticmechanicsbyBall[1]until1 982 .Inrecentyears,manyinvestigationshavebeenmadeonthisaspect.Theproblemofcavitatedbifurcationforincompressibleisotropichyperelasticmaterialswithpower_lawtypehasbeeninvestig…     

Stability and bifurcation analysis of a nonlinear transversally loaded rotating shaft

The dynamic stability and self-excited posteritical whirling of rotating transversally loaded shaft made of a standard material with elastic and viscous nonlinearities are analyzed in this paper using the theory of bifurcations as a mathematical tool. Partial differential equations of motion are derived under assumption that von Karman's nonlinearity is absent but geometric curvature nonlinearity is included. Galerkin's first-mode discretization procedure is then applied and the equations of motion are transformed to two third-order nonlinear equations that are analyzed using the theory of bifurcation. Condition for nontrivial equilibrium stability is determined and a bifurcating periodic solution of the second-order approximation is derived. The effects of dimensionless stress relaxation time and cubic elastic and viscous nonlinearities as well as the role of the transverse load are studied in the exemplary numerical calculations. A strongly stabilizing influence of the relaxation time is found that may eliminate self-excited vibration at all. Transition from super- to subcritical bifurcation is observed as a result of interaction between system nonlinearities and the transverse load.     

Two-parameter bifurcation analysis of limit cycles of a simplified railway wheelset model

The effect of the nonlinear terms on bifurcation behaviors of limit cycles of a simplified railway wheelset model is investigated. At first, the stable equilibrium state loses its stability via a Hopf bifurcation. The bifurcation curve is divided into a supercritical branch and a subcritical one by a generalized Hopf point, which plays a key role in determining the occurrence of flange contact and derailment of high-speed railway vehicles, and the occurrence of this critical situation is an important decision-making criteria for design parameters. Secondly, bifurcations of limit cycles are discussed by comparing the bifurcation behavior of cycles for two different nonlinear parameters. Unlike local Hopf bifurcation analysis based on a single bifurcation parameter in most papers, global bifurcation analysis of limit cycles based on two bifurcation parameters is investigated, simultaneously. It is shown that changing nonlinear parameter terms can affect bifurcation types of cycles and division of parameter domains. In particular, near the branch points of cycles, two symmetrical limit cycles are created by a pitchfork bifurcation and then two symmetrical cycles both undergo a period-doubling bifurcation to form two stable period-two cycles. Around the resonant points, period orbits can make several turns, whose number of turns corresponds to the ratio of resonance. Thirdly, near the Neimark–Sacker bifurcation of cycles, a stable torus is created by a supercritical Neimark–Sacker bifurcation, which shows that the orbit of the model exhibits modulated oscillations with two frequencies near the limit cycle. These results demonstrate that nonlinear parameter terms can produce very complex global bifurcation phenomena and make obvious effects on possible hunting motions even though a simple railway wheelset model is concerned.

     

Multiple Duffing problem in a folding structure with hilltop bifurcation and possible imperfections

We review a multiple Duffing oscillation, based on static bifurcation theory. We find that it is useful to consider the structural instability of a folding truss with possible imperfections as a theoretical model for a Duffing problem with multiple potential wells. Theoretical bifurcation analysis revealed that the equilibrium path on this model has a “hilltop bifurcation.” In addition, we have considered the elastic (in-)stability of several folding models with imperfections. The present model is very sensitive near a critical point, leading to strong geometrical nonlinearity. We found that there are both global and local dynamic behaviours that are related to bifurcation and imperfect influences, which correspond to the structure of the multiple homo- and heteroclinic orbits. We suggest a theoretical model for hilltop bifurcation, based on the static bifurcation problem and perturbation theory, to assist in the identification of the structural mechanisms of the global and local dynamics of different paths. Such models are very useful for investigating the essential and invariant nonlinear phenomena of the extended Duffing oscillator model.     

Postbuckling Analysis of Nonconservative Elastic Systems

Abstract

Previous work on the postbuckling and imperfection-sensitivity of elastic structures has concentrated on conservative systems. The results of Koiterand others have led to a general theory of nonlinear stability behavior for these systems. The theory must be modified when nonconservative forces are present, and this is the aim of the present paper.

Discrete, nonconservative, elastic systems which exhibit static (divergence) instability are considered. The nonlinear behavior in the neighborhood of a critical point is analyzed by means of a perturbation procedure. When the critical point is simple, the results are similar to those for conservative systems. When a coincident critical point exists, however, different types of behavior occur. In many cases there is no bifurcation at all, with only the fundamental (trivial) equilibrium path passing through the critical point. Imperfection-sensitivity is more severe than for the typical bifurcation points and can even occur when the perfect system has no bifurcation. The results are illustrated with the use of a nonlinear double pendulum model subjected to a partial follower load.