基于G-M低温制冷机的低温温度计标定系统

设计和搭建了一套5.2—300K温区的温度计标定系统,以G-M制冷机为冷源,进口已标定温度计为定标源,对Cernox负温度系数温度计、硅二极管温度计、PT100铂电阻温度计等进行了标定,获得了其温度特性曲线并进行对比,分析了标定误差,发现该系统具有较高的标定精度,所标定的温度计在其有效温区内能达到±15mK以内的不确定度,与定标源温度计处于同等量级。     

低温温度计标定装置的研制

国家大科学工程 HT- 7U托卡马克 (Tokamak)是一个全超导核聚变实验装置。装置主机由1 6个纵场 (TF)超导线圈和 1 2个极向场 (PF)超导线圈组成 ,分别采用 4.2 K和 3 .8K超临界氦迫流冷却。选用新型低温温度计 Cernox测量超导线圈系统的温度。文中介绍低温温度计标定装置的研制和温度计 Cernox的标定结果。     

一种标定低温温度计的磁场关系的新方法

本文报道一种新的精确测定低温温度计的磁场关系的方法，即以准一维化合物（Ta1-xNbx）S3作为强磁场下的温度基准，测定电阻温度计的磁阻，利用该方法测定了Lake Shore Cryotronics出品的Cernox^TM温度计的相对磁阻系数α（T），结果与其它小组报道的相一致。     

低温热电偶的标定及标定过程中的非线性现象的研究

在本中，介绍了一个用于低温热电偶的标定系统的研制，对常用的铜-康铜热电偶进行了标定，并对在标定过程中的热电偶输出信号的脉动现象进行了非线性分析，标定结果表明在从液氮温区（77.35k)到300k的范围内，其标定的精度在数十mK的范围内，能对满足的对测量精度的要求，并且，对信号脉动的分析显示标定过程中存在一定的非线性，可能对标定产生一定的误差。     

一种针对低温接收机杜瓦温度监测系统的研制

针对低温接收系统杜瓦设备,设计一种低温温度测量装置,从器件选型到各模块功能电路设计,都给出详细的论述。该测量装置具有软件识别分段测量功能,并且预留扩展接口,最多可同时测量8路模拟量,经过调试、校准,其已经成功应用于某高校低温接收系统杜瓦冷板温度测量,并且达到预期目的,运行可靠。     

薄膜Pt电阻温度计的标定及低温磁阻

本对薄膜铂电阻温度计一４．５Ｋ－２５０Ｋ温区及０－５Ｔ纵向磁场下的进行标定，并对其在Ｔ〈５０Ｋ的磁阻效应进行了讨论。实验曲线细致光滑，实验数据表明它在低温下仍有一定测温灵敏度，如在１０Ｋ时每度仍有十几微伏的变化。     

低温温度计标定精度影响因素的研究

在托卡马克核聚变实验装置中,装置的热负荷计算、导体超导性能和运行稳定性都与运行温度有很大关系,因而要求低温的温度测量有较高测量精度.文中主要讨论低温温度计在标定过程中各种因素对标定精度的影响,并提出一系列的解决办法,取得了好的标定结果,满足了工程的需要.     

分布式传感光纤应变和温度同时标定方法

为了实现分布式传感光纤应变和温度响应系数的快速准确标定,提出了应变和温度同时标定法.利用恒温装置控制传感光纤和金属管的温度,利用金属管的线性热膨胀对缠绕其上的分布式传感光纤施加应变,通过恒温装置中的松弛传感光纤补偿金属管上传感光纤的温度,共同实现应变和温度的同时、快速、准确标定.利用恒温水浴和不锈钢管进行了单模裸纤布里渊频移应变和温度响应系数的标定实验,应变标定跨度620με,温度标定范围35~75℃,得到单模裸纤布里渊频移的应变和温度响应系数分别为0.048 MHz/με和1.06 MHz/℃.结果表明该方法可用于小直径分布式传感光纤的应变和温度同时标定.     

低温流量测量与标定系统的研制

为了满足低温流量计的标定校准需求,研制了一套低温流量测量与标定系统;按照要求进行了系统的整体流程及工作模式设计,同时对其中的过冷换热器及液氮泵进行了设计计算及选型;考虑到后期系统的功能扩展,用来进行多种泵的流量特性测试,选取了潜液泵作为动力源及配备了单独的外置泵池;系统采用了标准表法与称重法,配合两套过冷箱,最终实现了液氮流量9.2~102 L/min范围内对低温流量计进行瞬时及累计流量的标定校准,校准误差为1.84‰,满足系统的设计要求。     

The role of chirality in demarcating confinement from liberation

This paper suggests that confinement implies a “bifurcation” between chiral and vector-like worlds. The analysis of the Dyson equations of abelian gauge theories shows that the confining ansatz $\text{D(q}{}^2\text{) ～}\text{1}\text{q}{}^4$ is inconsistent with a chiral interaction.     

CCD光谱谱线标定方法研究

CCD作为光谱分析和测色仪器的光谱接收器件 ,光谱谱线定位受单色仪狭缝和CCD光敏元尺寸影响。提出采用最小二乘法做曲线拟合和质心法来确定光谱线在CCD上的精确定位 ,使光谱谱线的定位精度得到提高 ,并且不受CCD光敏元尺寸限制。实验结果表明 ,两种方法对光谱线的定位 ,具有重复性高 ,稳定性好等特点。在定位精度上 ,两者具有一致性。     

The optical method of caustics

An overview of the basic principles of the optical method of caustics for the determination of stress intensity factors in crack problems is presented. The method is based on the assumption that the state of stress in the neighborhood of the crack tip is plane stress. However, the state of stress changes from plane strain very close to the tip to plane stress at a critical distance from the tip through an intermediate region where the stress field is three-dimensional. The caustic is the image of the so-called initial curve on the specimen and, therefore, depends on the state of stress along the initial curve. For the determination of stress intensity factors the values of the stress-optical constants are needed. These values depend strongly on the state of stress being plane stress, plane strain or three-dimensional. This complicated the experimental determination of stress intensity factors. For the characterization of the state of affairs near the crack tip a phenomenological triaxiality factor is introduced. A methodology based on the use of optically birefringent materials is developed for the determination of stress intensity factors without paying attention to the location of the initial curve in the plane stress, plane strain or three-dimensional region. Finally, a comparison of the methods of photoelasticity and caustics takes place, and the potentialities and limitations of both methods for the solution of crack problems are explored.     

The method of simple calculations

Results are presented on eight compounds for the range 100–300 cm^–1; the two strong lines found in each case are assigned to deformation modes of the substituent relative to the body of the molecule.We are indebted to N. A. Prilezhaev for direction in this work.     

The unrestricted Hartree-Fock method

The unrestricted Hartree-Fock method is important for discussing several effects, including the spin density produced in the core of an atom by exchange with an unfilled valence electron shell. The method allows electrons with and spins to have slightly different orbitals due to the differing exchange interaction, but ignores the fact that this automatically results in gaining also some in-out correlation energy. The validity of the method must therefore be questioned, since correlation is in general the larger effect. It is shown that in atomic calculations the method gives results which are in fact correct to a good order of approximation. However, the interplay of spin polarisation and correlation is such that in some molecular or other systems the method would fail.     

The method of laser-sustained arc ignition

The method of laser-assisted vacuum arc deposition (laser-arc) was developed to effectively produce high-quality coatings, especially multilayer coatings with a reduced number of droplets. The efficiency of this method depends mainly on the ignition probability of the vacuum arc discharges. In the present work, the process of arc initiation by laser irradiation is studied and the influencing factors such as power density of laser irradiation, target material, and electrode configuration are discussed. It is shown that a high ignition probability (ρ>50%) on such coating materials at Ti, TiC, TiN, and C can be guaranteed with a laser power density of about 10⁸ W/cm², which can be achieved with a low-cost Nd-YAG pulse laser. Measurements of the plasma current preceding the arc ignition and microscopic investigations of the erosion pattern caused by the laser irradiation suggest that the process of plasma-sustained are ignition (unipolar arcing) plays an important role during the buildup phase of the vacuum arc discharge     

The accuracy of the pseudo-fermion method

The pseudo-fermion method for dynamical fermions is studied using Monte Carlo techniques. Various approximations are tested by calculating the mass gap of the Schwinger model and by comparing it with results obtained with an exact algorithm. The mass found is consistent with that obtained from the exact algorithm, implying that the systematic errors are small. In addition, the mass is almost independent of the number of pseudo-sweeps used, implying that the statistical error inherent in the Monte Carlo of the pseudo-fermion field does not have a strong effect on the observable. Numerical evidence is presented to show that the algorithm gives the correct answer for even a single pseudo-sweep in the limit that the Metropolis hit size goes to zero.