小型空心阴极等离子体电子枪实验

基于空心阴极效应和低压辉光放电原理,设计了一种小型空心阴极等离子体电子枪并进行了实验研究,在低气压下获得了稳定的空心阴极辉光放电,测量电子枪放电结果表明：在空心阴极中加入灯丝热子可明显降低放电气压;电子束电流的大小随放电电压增大而增大,受气体气压影响较小;在气压2 Pa,放电电压10 kV,脉宽4 μs脉冲下放电,可得到脉宽为2 μs,电流为600 mA的电子束。     

小型空心阴极等离子体电子枪实验

基于空心阴极效应和低压辉光放电原理,设计了一种小型空心阴极等离子体电子枪并进行了实验研究,在低气压下获得了稳定的空心阴极辉光放电,测量电子枪放电结果表明:在空心阴极中加入灯丝热子可明显降低放电气压;电子束电流的大小随放电电压增大而增大,受气体气压影响较小;在气压2Pa,放电电压10kV,脉宽4μs脉冲下放电,可得到脉宽为2μs,电流为600mA的电子束。     

新型热阴极电子枪加热结构热分析

利用ANSYS和COMSOL仿真模拟软件,对热阴极电子枪的加热结构进行热分析,得到了阴极加热结构设计的一些规律,然后通过实验对一系列加热结构进行阴极温度测试,进一步验证模拟计算的结果,得到了一种加热效率比较高的结构。该结构在加热功率为100 W时,阴极温度超过了1 900 K,达到了铱铈阴极的工作温度。在阴极温度1 800 K左右,阴极表面引出电场强度为3.6×106 V/m的条件下,该阴极的最大发射电流达到1.04 A,发射电流密度约13 A/cm2。     

新型热阴极电子枪加热结构热分析

利用ANSYS和COMSOL仿真模拟软件,对热阴极电子枪的加热结构进行热分析,得到了阴极加热结构设计的一些规律,然后通过实验对一系列加热结构进行阴极温度测试,进一步验证模拟计算的结果,得到了一种加热效率比较高的结构。该结构在加热功率为100 W时,阴极温度超过了1 900 K,达到了铱铈阴极的工作温度。在阴极温度1 800 K左右,阴极表面引出电场强度为3.6×106V/m的条件下,该阴极的最大发射电流达到1.04 A,发射电流密度约13 A/cm2。     

Hollow cathode electron gun for the excitation of cw lasers

Well collimated electron beam discharges with an energy of 1 kW, at currents up to 0.1 A, have been obtained at ambient pressures up to 0.4 Torr in Ar and 1.4 Torr in He using hollow cathode electron guns. The guns operate on a continuous or dc basis. These guns have the unique feature of providing a clear optical path through the axis. We suggest the use of such an electron beam discharge for excitation of cw ion lasers.     

High-current electron gun with a field-emission cathode and diamond grid

Control grids used in high-current devices with field emission cathodes should be made of an appropriate, “grid-grade” material. Such a material must offer a high mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and electric conductivity. In addition, grids as thin as several microns must be available. As a grid material, boron-doped diamond is tested.     

Theoretical research on electron beam modulation in a field-emission cold cathode electron gun

In order to develop miniaturized and integrated electron vacuum devices, the electron beam modulation in a field- emission （FE） electron gun based on carbon nanotubes is researched. By feeding a high-frequency field between the cathode and the anode, the steady FE electron beam can be modulated in the electron gun. The optimal structure of the electron gun is discovered using 3D electromagnetism simulation software, and the FE electron gun is simulated by PIC simulation software. The results show that a broadband （74-114 GHz） modulation can be achieved by the electron gun with a rhombus channel, and the modulation amplitude of the beam current increases with the increases in the input power and the electrostatic field.     

回旋行波管电子枪阴极热分析

使用有限元分析软件ANSYS对回旋行波管电子枪阴极进行了热分析和形变分析,得到了阴极模型的温度分布和热形变。为了保持阴极发射带表面温度的均匀性,增大了发射带下端与导热介质的接触面积,同时减小了发射带上端处的加热线圈个数,发现温度差由原来的18 ℃减小到了0.9 ℃。在热分析的基础上进行了热形变分析,将形变量结果带入EGUN软件验证,发现电子注的速度比增大,横向、纵向速度零散以及引导中心半径也都有所增加。     

回旋行波管电子枪阴极热分析

使用有限元分析软件ANSYS对回旋行波管电子枪阴极进行了热分析和形变分析,得到了阴极模型的温度分布和热形变。为了保持阴极发射带表面温度的均匀性,增大了发射带下端与导热介质的接触面积,同时减小了发射带上端处的加热线圈个数,发现温度差由原来的18 ℃减小到了0.9 ℃。在热分析的基础上进行了热形变分析,将形变量结果带入EGUN软件验证,发现电子注的速度比增大,横向、纵向速度零散以及引导中心半径也都有所增加。     

325 MHz微波栅控高压型热阴极电子枪的设计研究

高重复频率、高平均流强的电子枪具有十分广泛的应用。设计了一台束团重复频率为325 MHz在CW模式工作的微波栅控高压型热阴极电子枪,并详细论述了该类型微波栅控电子枪的实验原理。在该类型电子枪的设计中,首先需要利用仿真模拟软件EGUN、POISSON（PoissonSuperfish）、GPT（General Particle Tracer）完成300 kV直流高压电子枪的结构设计,并进行束流动力学验证计算。为将微波馈入该直流电子枪的阴栅极之间,进行了该微波栅控电子枪的供电系统设计,完成了从射频功率源到同轴热阴极的阻抗匹配方案,设计了一种325 MHz双模式同轴供电器件,并进行了验证与分析。     

Emissivity of a multibeam electron gun with a glassy carbon field-emission cathode

A multibeam triode electron gun with a glassy carbon field-emission cathode that is intended for an O-type microwave amplifier is studied. The electric field strength and the current density at the microtips versus the distance to the center of a cell of the cathode–grid unit are calculated. Calculation data are compared with experimental results. It is shown that about 70% of the cathode current in each cell is accounted for by microtips arranged in a circumferential ring no wider than 20 μm. The field-emission current density inside the ring exceeds 40 A/cm², and the current per microtip equals 43.1 μA.     

Interaction of cathode plasma with the cathode surface in an electron source with explosive electron emission

The interaction of the plasma formed at emission centers of an electron source using explosive electron emission with the cathode surface is studied. It is found that the plasma flux does not flow around obstacles located in its path and is effectively deionized upon incidence on the wall.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 11, pp. 26–29, November, 1981.     

感应耦合等离子体中和枪的电子引出特性研究

给出了一种感应耦合等离子体源的设计,用于等离子体中和枪装置.通过实验方法研究等离子体源的电子引出特性,并结合理论分析了等离子体密度随射频功率的变化关系.研究结果表明等离子体源的电子引出特性与放电腔内气压有关联性,E?H模式转换中电子密度的变化与负载的电感值相关.研究成果对等离子体中和枪的发展有重要的参考价值.     

Fast generation of an electron beam in a magnetron gun with a secondary-emission metallic cathode

The formation of an electron layer and the generation of an electron beam in magnetron guns where secondary emission is triggered by nanosecond pulses are studied. In the guns with small cross sizes, hollow electron beams with an outer diameter of 3–6 mm are generated. The beam current is 1–2 A, and the cathode voltage is 5–7 kV. Results obtained indicate that the generation of nanosecond beam-current pulses is a possibility.     

Rapid formation of an electron beam in a magnetron gun with a secondary-emission metallic cathode

The initial stage of forming the electron sheath and electron beam generation in magnetron guns for the case when the secondary emission process is triggered by nanosecond pulses is considered. In the guns with small transverse sizes, tubular electron beams with an outer diameter of 4–6 mm and a current of 1–2 A are produced at a cathode voltage of 5–10 kV. It is shown that the formation of the electron cloud and beam current pulse front for a time of ≥2 ns is a possibility.     

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The generation and control of microwave electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma cathode electron beam is studied experimentally. A complete set of discharge, electron beam extraction, focusing and measuring system was set up. The characteristics and performance of microwave ECR plasmas as electron beam extraction source were studied by measuring the current of water cooling target and the beam spot size on the target. Experimental results indicated that both microwave input power and accelerating voltage are conducive to improving electron beam current. The influence of gas pressure on the electron beam current was complex. With the increase of gas pressure, the electron beam current is characterized by decreasing first and then increasing. The extracted electron current of microwave ECR plasma cathode can reach 75mA at gas pressure of 7×10⁻⁴Pa, and the energy of the electron beam can reach 9keV. The energy utilization can reach 0.6. By adjusting the current of the focusing coil, the diameter of electron beam spot is reduced from 20mm to 13mm and the electron beam current keeps the value unchanged.     

微波电子回旋共振等离子体阴极电子束的实验研究

介绍了实验室研制的微波电子回旋共振(ECR)等离子体阴极电子束系统及初步研究结果，该系统包括微波ECR 等离子体源、电子束引出极、聚焦线圈等。通过测量水冷靶电流和靶上的束斑尺寸，实验研究了微波ECR 等离子体阴极电子束的流强、聚束性能等随电子束系统工作条件的变化。结果表明：微波输入功率越高、引出电压越高，引出电子束流强越大；工作气压对电子束流强的影响较复杂，随气压增加呈现出先降低后升高的特点；在7×10⁻⁴Pa 的极低气压下电子束流强可达75mA，引出电压9kV；能量利用率可达0.6；调整聚焦线圈的驱动电流，电子束的束斑直径从20mm 减小到13mm，电子束流强未有明显变化。     

强流电子二极管中阴极等离子体的膨胀

研究了强流四脉冲条件下电子真空二极管中阴极等离子体产生、膨胀和由于阴极等离子体膨胀导致二极管短路现象，通过所建立模型和大量实验数据给出了阴极等离子体膨 胀速率为0.5—4cm/μs，且脉冲过程中不均匀.分析了阴极等离子体膨胀对真空二极管电压、阻抗的影响和对多脉冲强流电子束参数的影响，并给出初步解决方案. 关键词： 多脉冲二极管 阴极等离子 膨胀速率