Archimedes 32,4,3,4结构光子晶体中与偏振无关的自准直分束器

通过等频图分析并结合时域有限差分法法模拟, 在Archimedes 3²,4,3,4结构排列的二维光子晶体中同一频率下同时实现了电磁波两种偏振态的自准直. 研究发现,在该结构光子晶体中引入缺陷,当线缺陷宽度改变时, TE和TM两种偏振态光束的分束效果将会随之变化.由此通过控制缺陷宽度,分别实现了两种偏振态光束的50% ∶50%分束以及90°大角度光折弯,分束和折弯的效率都较为理想,为未来设计基于光子晶体的新型光子学器件提供了一种新的思路.     

Conditions for self-collimation in three-dimensional photonic crystals

We introduce the theoretical criterion for achieving three-dimensional self-collimation of light in a photonic crystal. Based on this criterion, we numerically demonstrate a body-center-cubic structure that supports wide-angle self-collimation and is directly compatible with the recently developed holographic fabrication technique. We further show that both bends and beam splitters can be introduced into this structure by the use of interfaces.     

非对称偏振分束光栅的矢量衍射优化设计

基于严格耦合波理论分析了一种非对称偏振分束光栅的设计。这种偏振分束光栅分别在1级和0级衍射级次上衍射TE和TM偏振波。介绍了利用遗传算法设计偏振分束光栅的方法,并给出了优化实例。仿真结果表明:在设计波长为1.55时,TE偏振波在1级的衍射效率大于93%,TM偏振波在0级的衍射效率大于99%,此时1级和0级的透射消光比分别达到了9914.1和46841.5。通过对设计结果的分析发现,该偏振分束光栅在设计波长附近100nm的波长范围内都具有较高的消光比(大于100),达到了较好的偏振分束效果。     

二维光子晶体中与电磁波偏振态无关的自准直

利用有限时域差分法(FDTD)进行数值模拟，在二维光子晶体中实现了电磁波两种偏振态的自准直——全光自准直(full-light-self-collimation).研究表明，通过对光子晶体的结构做适当的调整，可以在较宽频率范围内实现横电波(TE波)和横磁波(TM波)沿着相同方向传播，同时保持较强的能流强度.全光自准直可以显著提高光源利用率和光波导的传播效率，在高密度集成光路中有非常重要的用途. 关键词： 光子晶体 偏振 自准直     

基于光子晶体自准直环形谐振腔的全光均分束器

通过等频图分析并结合时域有限差分法模拟,在一个与偏振态无关的自准直光子晶体环形谐振腔中,研究发现当环形谐振腔内的光传输距离改变时,横电波(TE)和横磁波(TM)两种偏振态的光在通过环形谐振腔之后的输出将会随之变化并呈现出不同的周期性.通过选择适合的传输距离,实现了TE,TM自准直的情况下同时分束50%的结果,构成了一种基于光子晶体自准直环形谐振腔的全光均分束器.全光均分束器扩大了分束器的运用范围,也会在高密度集成光路中发挥重要的作用. 关键词： 光子晶体 环形谐振腔 自准直 分束器     

Polarization insensitive self-collimation waveguide in square lattice annular photonic crystals

The frequency bands for self-collimation at both TE and TM polarizations in square lattice annular photonic crystals are studied systematically by plane-wave expansion and finite difference time domain methods. By increasing the inner ring radius or reducing the outer ring radius, the self-collimation band will be moved to a lower frequency. Compared with the TM modes, TE ones have different frequency sensitivities to both the inner ring radius and outer ring radius tuning. Using these features, a polarization insensitive self-collimation waveguide in a high dielectric contrast system with bandwidth up to 102.9 nm is demonstrated as an example of the implementation of photonic integration circuits.     

Polarizing beam splitter of deep-etched triangular-groove fused-silica gratings

We investigated the use of a deep-etched fused-silica grating with triangular-shaped grooves as a highly efficient polarizing beam splitter (PBS). A triangular-groove PBS grating is designed at a wavelength of 1550 nm to be used in optical communication. When it is illuminated in Littrow mounting, the transmitted TE- and TM-polarized waves are mainly diffracted in the minus-first and zeroth orders, respectively. The design condition is based on the average differences of the grating mode indices, which is verified by using rigorous coupled-wave analysis. The designed PBS grating is highly efficient over the C+L band range for both TE and TM polarizations (>97.68%). It is shown that such a triangular-groove PBS grating can exhibit a higher diffraction efficiency, a larger extinction ratio, and less reflection loss than the binary-phase fused-silica PBS grating.     

基于时域有限差分算法的光子晶体光分束器的设计

报道了一种基于空气孔型光子晶体自准直环形谐振腔1×4光分束器。其结构由4个改变空气孔半径的分光镜组成。首先运用多光束干涉原理分析光分束器各个端口的透射谱,通过分光镜的合适组合,自准直光就可以按照设定的比例从各出口出射。再利用编写的二维时域有限差分程序进行数值模拟计算,其结果和理论值很好地吻合。该结构具有尺寸小、自由光谱范围大、硅基等优点,有望应用于未来的高密度集成光路中。     

Incident-angle-dependent reflectance in distributed Bragg reflectors fabricated from ZnO/MgO multilayer films

We present the incident-angle-dependent reflectance spectra of the 10-period ZnO/MgO multilayer films deposited on Si by sputtering technique. As increasing the incident angle, the resonant wavelength and bandwidth of the measured reflectance spectra exhibit redshift and narrower, respectively. The theoretical curves using transfer matrix method taken account of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations are calculated to well describe the variations in the behavior of the experimental spectra. The simulated TE- and TM-reflection band at different angles can evaluate the bandwidth of the resonance band and provide valuable parameters to design an omnidirectional-reflection band in selected multilayer structure.     

光子晶体自准直光束偏振分束器

结合能带图和等频图分析,基于光子晶体自准直效应和光子带隙,设计了一种紧凑、高效的偏振分束器.时域有限差分法(FDTD)模拟表明,该设计可以在一个较大的频率范围f=0.268—0.278(c/a) 内实现TE模和TM模的高效(85%)、大角度(90°)分离.在光通讯波长λ=1.55 μm,该设计尺寸仅为9 μm×9 μm.这些特性使其在光通讯领域中具有重要的应用前景. 关键词： 光子晶体 偏振分束器 自准直     

基于自准直效应的光子晶体异质结偏振分束器

基于光子晶体的自准直效应和禁带特性,提出了一种具有非正交异质结结构的光子晶体偏振分束器.无需引入缺陷或波导,可使光波在该结构中准直无发散地传输并实现分束功能,对制造工艺的要求大大降低.利用Rsoft软件,结合平面波展开法和二维时域有限差分法,对提出的偏振分束器进行了仿真研究.结果表明,该偏振分束器在一个较大的频率范围f=0.275—0.285(a/λ)内可实现横电(TE)和横磁(TM)模的大角度偏振分离,TE和TM模的透过率均在88%以上,偏振消光比分别大于26.57 dB和17.50 dB.该结构可应用到太赫兹波段的传输系统中,a=26μm,尺寸大小为572μm×546μm,在91—95μm波长范围内可实现TE和TM模的分离.利用该结构可设计用于光通信系统(n=3.48)的偏振分束器,a=426.25 nm,结构仅为9.38μm×8.95μm.本方案结构简单,易于集成,有望在集成光路的发展中发挥重要作用.     

Multichannel high extinction ratio polarized beam splitters based on metasurfaces

Separating lights into different paths according to the polarization states while keeping their respective path's polarizations with high purification is keen for polarization multiplex in optical communications. Metallic nanowire gratings with multi-slits in a period are proposed to achieve polarized beam splitters(PBSs) in reflection and diffraction. The setting of multi-slits largely reduces the reflection of photons with a transverse magnetific field via the plasmonic waveguiding effect, which leads to highly polarized output lights with extinction ratio larger than 20 dB in each channel. The proposed reflection/diffraction PBSs enrich the approaches to control the polarization states with the advantages of wide incident angles and flexible beam splitting angles.     

Photonic drop splitters based on self-collimation ring resonators in a silicon photonic crystal

We report here 1 × 3 and 1 × 2 photonic drop splitters (PDSs) with different splitting ratios based on self-collimation ring resonators (SCRRs) in an air-hole silicon photonic crystal. An 1 × 3 PDS consists of four beam splitters and an 1 × 2 PDS consists of three beam splitters and one mirror. Light propagates in the PDSs employing self-collimation effect. The theoretical transmission spectra at different drop ports in PDSs were analyzed with the multiple-beam interference theory. Then they were investigated with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation technique. The simulation results agree well with the theoretical prediction. For the drop wavelength 1550 nm, the free spectral range of the PDSs is about 29 nm, which almost covers the whole optical communication C-band window. Because of small dimensions, air-hole structure and whole-silicon material, the proposed PDSs hold great potentials for applications in photonic integrated circuits.     

硅光子晶体TE模式光下路分束器设计

设计了基于自准直效应的硅光子晶体TE模式13和12光下路分束器。13光下路分束器由4个分束镜组成,而12下路分束器由3个分束镜和1个反射镜组成。利用多光束干涉原理推导出光下路分束器各个出口的透射谱理论公式。通过选择合适的分束镜,可以得到不同分束比例的光下路分束器。对于13光下路分束器,设计了1∶1∶1和1∶2∶3两种分束比例;对于12光下路分束器,设计了1∶1和1∶2两种分束比例。再利用时域有限差分软件数值模拟了透射谱,其结果与理论设计一致。当下路波长为1550 nm时,13和12两种光下路分束器的大小均约为10 m 10 m,自由光谱区为36 nm,覆盖了整个光通信C波段。     

Design of a 50/50 splitting ratio non-polarizing beam splitter based on the modal method with fused-silica transmission gratings

The optical design of a beam splitter that has a 50/50 splitting ratio regardless of the polarization is presented. The non-polarizing beam splitter (NPBS) is based on the fused-silica rectangular transmission gratings with high intensity tolerance. The modal method has been used to estimate the effective index of the modes excited in the grating region for TE and TM polarizations. If a phase difference equals an odd multiples of π/2 for the first two modes (i.e. modes 0 and 1), the incident light will be diffracted into the 0 and ?1 orders with about 50% and 50% diffraction efficiency for TM and TE polarizations, respectively.     

基于圆柱型硅光子晶体的1×2光下路分束器(英文)

本文设计了一个基于圆柱型硅光子晶体自准直环形腔的1×2光下路分束器.该光下路分束器由三个分光镜和一个反射镜构成,其中窄光束依赖自准直效应进行传输.利用多光束干涉理论分析了光下路分束器中不同出口的理论透射谱,并且利用时域有限差分法对光下路分束器透射谱进行数值模拟计算,其结果与理论预测基本一致.当下路波长为1 550nm时,光下路分束器的自由光谱范围约为30nm,几乎涵盖了整个光通信C波段.由于其小尺寸和全硅材料,本文设计的1×2光下路分束器有望应用于未来的集成光路中.     

基于圆柱型硅光子晶体的1×2光下路分束器

本文设计了一个基于圆柱型硅光子晶体自准直环形腔的1×2光下路分束器.该光下路分束器由三个分光镜和一个反射镜构成,其中窄光束依赖自准直效应进行传输.利用多光束干涉理论分析了光下路分束器中不同出口的理论透射谱,并且利用时域有限差分法对光下路分束器透射谱进行数值模拟计算,其结果与理论预测基本一致.当下路波长为1 550 nm时,光下路分束器的自由光谱范围约为30 nm,几乎涵盖了整个光通信C波段.由于其小尺寸和全硅材料,本文设计的1×2光下路分束器有望应用于未来的集成光路中.     

基于金属狭缝阵列的各向异性偏振分束器

在金属-电介质结构的基础上提出了一种基于金属狭缝阵列的各向异性偏振分束器,并采用有限元法研究了横磁(TM)和横电(TE)偏振光入射后结构所表现出的负反射和镜面反射等特性.计算结果表明,当偏振光的入射角设定在20?—70?时,入射的TM光发生强烈的负反射,而TE光的负反射很弱,并随着波长的增加而急剧下降.分析可得偏振分束光栅的理想负反射点和反射面的完美对称响应效果.通过仿真得到了理想负反射点的取值范围.结合严格耦合波法软件,计算不同偏振光入射时负反射和镜面反射条件下的反射率,其消光比高达10~6.     

Polarization Beam Splitter Based on Self-Collimation Effect in Two-Dimensional Photonics Crystal

A photonic crystal polarization beam splitter based on the self-collimation effect is proposed. By means of the plane wave expansion method and the finite-difference time-domain method, we analyse the splitting mechanism in two alternative ways： performing a band gap structure analysis and simulating the field distribution. The results indicate that two beams of different polarizations can be split with an extinction ratio of nearly 20 dB in a wavelength range of POnm. The splitter may have practical applications in integrated photonic circuits.     

Perfect blazing with echelle gratings in TE and TM polarization

Perfect blazing with echelle gratings in a high-order Littrow mount exists not only with TM polarization, as can perhaps be assumed, but also with TE and TM polarizations simultaneously. This finding contradicts with a heuristic explanation as to why perfect blazing is not possible simultaneously in TE and TM polarizations given by Loewen and Popov [Diffraction Gratings and Applications (Marcel Dekker, 1997)]. As a matter of fact, in the ideal case of infinite conductivity, light is diffracted in the Littrow order with 100% efficiency for both polarization states. For metal gratings, a small loss occurs. Three conditions are necessary for perfect blazing: (A) the apex angle must be very close to 90°, (B) a specific Littrow order has to be used, and (C) the blaze angle has to be 4° to 6° larger than the Littrow angle. The last property is particularly intriguing because typically the difference between the two angles is smaller than 1.0°.