纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)涂敷氧化锆手性固定相的制备和色谱评价

制备并表征了涂敷纤维素-三(3，5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸醋)-ZrO2手性固定相。以正己烷／异丙醇为流动相，研究了正相色谱条件下手性固定相对几类光学异构体的手性拆分能力。实验结果表明：氧化锆载体表面的碱性性质对光学对映体的手性拆分有很大影响；在常用流动相条件下，酸性对映体被完全滞留；纤维素-三(3，5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸醋)-ZrO2手性固定相对于中性及碱性对映异构体的分离呈现出较好的手性拆分能力。     

A Polymer Coated Silica Gel for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

The treatment of microparticulate silica gel with Carbowax 20M results in a stable and reproducible support which greatly reduces the irreversible adsorption effects observed for polyoxyethylene compounds on untreated silica gel. The selectivity of this coated support, likely a result of selective deactivation, permits the rapid separation of oligomers differing by ≤ 3% in molecular weight. The advantages and disadvantages of this support and a C₁₈ reversed-phase support for the separation and analysis of polyoxyethylene oligomers and their adducts are illustrated and discussed.     

高效液相色谱中固定酶柱后反应器的应用

本文评述了固定酶柱后反应器在高效液相色谱中的应用。阐述了高效液相色谱与固定酶柱后反应器联用的原理,介绍了固定酶柱后反应器的主要类型。评述了固定酶柱后反应器在生化分析和临床分析中的应用。引文43篇。     

Enantiomeric Separation of Non-Protein Amino Acids by Chiral Ligand-Exchange High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

The enantiomeric separation by high-performance liquid chromatography of underivatized non-protein amino acids was investigated by using a column packed with octadecylsilanized silica coated with N,S-dioctyl-D-penicillamine as a chiral ligand-exchange phase (Sumichiral OA-5000). Excellent to good separations of enantiomers were achieved with a variety of nonprotein amino acids carrying aliphatic or aromatic side-chains by optimizing the amount (0-20%, v/v) of the organic component (2-propanol) and the concentration (1-5 mM) of the complexing metal ion (Cu²⁺) in the hydro-organic eluent.     

糖肽大环抗生素作选择试剂的高效液相色谱和毛细管电泳的手性识别机理

万古霉素(vancomycin)、替考拉宁(teicoplanin)和瑞斯西丁素A(ristocetin A)等大环抗生素是在HPLC和CE中成功使用的新手性选择试剂。这3种选择试剂的对映识别机理与其分子结构密切相关。本文报道了替考拉宁中糖部分在氨基酸和非氨基酸分离中的作用,万古霉素和替考拉宁中糖苷配基上的最基本结合位点的确定,以及pH值、温度等实验条件和有机改性剂的性质等对保留值和识别机理的影响的研究成果,综述了它们在对映体分离中的应用。     

新型高效液相手性固定相选择剂——大环抗生素

 综述了大环抗生素类手性固定相在高效液相中的应用和最新发展动态,根据其分子结构探讨了其手性分离的特点,并与其他类型的手性固定相进行了比较;共51篇。     

Enantiomeric Separation of N-Protected Non-Protein Amino Acid Esters by Chiral High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

We have found that high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of enantiomeric N-protected amino acid esters on a cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase column (Daicel Chiralcel OD) can be utilized as one of the procedures for determining the optical purities of non-protein amino acids. The methyl esters of the N-benzyloxycarbonyl (Z) derivatives of a number of non-protein amino acids showed excellent to good enantiomeric separations using hexane - 2-propanol as a mobile phase. There was a regularity in the elution order of enantiomers: the L-isomer had a shorter retention time than the D-isomer. We have also investigated the effect of the N-protecting groups and the ester groups on the enantiomeric separation. The Z, 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl (Z(OMe)), and 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) derivatives gave exceptionally good resolutions. By contrast, the formyl and t-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) groups impaired the enantiomeric separation. Almost all the alkyl esters examined and the benzyl ester gave resolutions better than or of the same order as the methyl ester. The resolution of β-amino acids was worse than that of the corresponding α-amino acids.     

农药甲霜灵对映体的高效液相色谱分离及手性拆分热力学研究

以正己烷 异丙醇为流动相 ,在纤维素 三 (3 ,5 二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯 ) (CDMPC)涂敷型手性固定相上 ,对农药甲霜灵外消旋体进行了拆分 ,考察了流动相组成、柱温等对甲霜灵对映体的保留和分离的影响 ;对甲霜灵R、S对映体与固定相之间的保留和分离的热力学机理进行了讨论     

氰戊菊酯立体异构体在手性键合相上的分析

本文介绍了采用高效液相色谱法在(R)-N-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰苯甘氨酸手性键合相上氰戊菊酯的四个立体异构体的分离,以外消旋氰戊菊酯样品为参照,计算了光学活性氰戊菊酯样品的四个立体异构体的百分含量,确定了在手性键合相上氰戊菊酯四个立体异构体构型的流出顺序为SR→RS→SS→RR。     

芳香取代基结构对螺旋聚乙炔高效液相色谱手性固定相手性识别性能的影响

设计合成了3种源于脯氨酸的手性乙炔基单体——(S)-2-乙炔基-N-芳香胺基甲酰基吡咯烷. 在氯化降冰片二烯铑二聚体{[Rh(nbd)Cl]₂}-三乙胺催化下, 3种单体被转化为相应的光学活性螺旋聚合物. 用高效液相色谱评估了3种聚合物作为手性固定相(CSPs)对9种底物的手性识别性能. 以正己烷/异丙醇(体积比9∶1)为流动相时, 3种聚合物对3对种氢键给体分子苯偶姻(α=1.35~1.44)、 三氟-1-(9-蒽基)乙醇(α=1.11~1.53)、 2,2′-二羟基-1,1′-联萘(α=1.09~1.11)及乙酰丙酮钴(α=1.84~2.38)表现出很好的手性识别能力; 当以正己烷为流动相时, 3种聚合物都能立体选择性地识别氢键给体分子2,2-二甲基-1-苯基-1-丙醇(α=1.12~1.22), 聚[(S)-2-乙炔基-N-(2′-萘基胺基甲酰基)吡咯烷]能识别氢键受体分子2-苯基环己酮(α=1.11). 结合核磁共振波谱、 拉曼光谱、 旋光测试、 紫外吸收光谱和圆二色光谱及液相色谱等方法, 系统研究了芳香侧基结构与连接位置对聚合物螺旋构象和对映体选择性拆分能力的影响. 分子对接模拟结果表明, 1-萘基的空间位阻大于2-萘基且可促进形成更强的分子内氢键, 不利于大尺寸底物(如联萘酚)的手性拆分. 与苯基相比, 引入萘基有利于增强聚合物与底物间的π-π相互作用, 提高聚合物的立体选择性和手性识别能力.     

Separation of Enantiomers of N-Protected Non-Protein Amino Acid Esters by Chiral High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

The high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomers of N-protected non-protein amino acid esters was investigated by using a cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase column (Daicel Chiracel OD). The effect of the N-protecting groups and the ester groups on chiral discrimination was examined. The benzyloxycarbonyl (Z), 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, and 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl derivatives gave good enantiomeric separations, while the formyl and t-butoxycarbonyl groups marred them. Almost all the alkyl esters examined and the benzyl ester gave enantiomeric separations better than or of the same order as the methyl ester. The N-Z-protected methyl esters of a number of non-protein -amino acids were well resolved using hexane–2-propanol as a mobile phase. The resolution of -amino acid derivatives was inferior to that of the isomeric -amino acid derivatives.     

Experimentation with Chiral CE: The Application of Two Chiral Selectors and Partial Filling with Chiral Selector

Data on the use of two chiral selectors, namely 18-crown-6 tetracarboxylic acid and a negatively charged cyclodextrin derivative (sulfated-β-cyclodextrin or carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin), in the same background electrolyte are presented. The use of such dual systems has a considerable influence on the resolution, as illustrated for the separation of tryptophan derivatives. Reduction of the consumption of chiral selector without significant loss in resolution was obtained by only partly filling the capillary and applying a run buffer without selector. This is illustrated for the chiral separation of tryptophan hydroxamate and the diastereomeric and enantiomeric separation of the dipeptide α/b-AspPhe-OMe.     

Chiral Resolution of Enantiomers of Homocamptothecin Derivatives, Antitumor Topoisomerase I Inhibitors, Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography on Polysaccharide-Based Chiral Stationary Phases

Analytical HPLC methods using derivatized cellulose and amylose chiral stationary phases were developed for the separation of the enantiomers of homocamptothecin (hCPT) derivatives which constitute a promising series of potent anticancer agents targeting DNA topoisomerase I. The resolutions were performed using a normal phase methodology with two silica-based celluloses tris-3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate (Chiralcel OD-H) and tris-methylbenzoate (Chiralcel OJ) or two amyloses tris-3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate (Chiralpak AD) and tris-(S)-1-phenylethylcarbamate (Chiralpak AS). The mobile phase and the chiral stationary phase were varied to achieve the best resolution. Different types and concentration of aliphatic alcohols in the mobile phase were also tested along with the temperature dependence. An optimal baseline separation (Rs > 1.5) was readily obtained in most cases. The different columns gave complementary results in term of resolution. The limits of detection and quantification were between 0.08–0.40 M and 0.24–1.80 M, respectively and the enantiomeric purity was superior to 99.9%.     

Improved High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Phospholipids

Abstract

The reversed-phase HPLC of phosphatidylcholine and di- and triglycerides is presented with particular emphasis on improving the efficiency of the phospholipid separations so that they are comparable to those attained for di- and triglycerides. Elevated column temperatures (60°C) and addition of strong mineral acids or ion-pairing agents to the mobile phase were found useful in accomplishing this goal.     

Chiral Separation of Racemates of Drugs and Amino Acid Derivatives by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography on a Norvancomycin-Bonded Chiral Stationary Phase

A novel norvancomycin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NVC-CSP) has been synthesized by use of the chiral selector norvancomycin, which differs from vancomycin because of the presence of leucine rather N-methylleucine. The enantiomers of some neutral and basic chiral drugs, for example warfarin, benzoin, bendroflumethiazide, and praziquantel, were directly separated by high-performance liquid chromatography in the reversed-phase mode. The effect of conditions such as organic modifier concentration, column temperature, pH, and mobile phase flow rate on retention and enantioselectivity were investigated. It was shown that hydrophobic, steric, and ionic interactions were present between the analyte and the macrocycle in this chromatographic system. Vant Hoff plots afforded the thermodynamic data _R,SH° and _R,SS°; the negative values obtained indicated the process of enantiomer separation was enthalpy-controlled. In an attempt to improve the resolution of some very polar acidic compounds (dansyl-amino acids) norvancomycin was used as stationary phase chiral selector and chiral mobile-phase additive simultaneously, better results were obtained as the result of a synergistic effect. It was also shown experimentally that the newly synthesized NVC-CSP behaved somewhat differently from the earlier reported vancomycin-bonded CSP, probably because of the different structures of norvancomycin and vancomycin.     

Substituent Effects in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Diarylacrylonitriles

Abstract

Thirty diarylacrylonitriles, carrying various para substituents in the phenyl ring attached to the position l of the ethylenic bridge and various heterorings (thienyl, furyl, pyrryl, N-methylpyrryl) attached to the position 2, have been investigated on silica gel. An additional substituent is present in the thienyl derivatives. The capacity factors of all the compounds can be grouped in only five or six families, according to the variation in the para-phenyl substitution or in the heteroring moiety, respectively. The strongest effect in the enhancement of the capacity factors is given by a methoxy or nitro group in the para-phenyl position.

Other minor effects as well as the relationship between capacity factors and solvent mixtures polarity are discussed.     

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Fungicides in Citrus Fruits

Abstract

The determination of three common citrus fungicides, diphenyl (DP), o-phenylphenol (oPP) and thiabendazole (TBZ), was investigated with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. DP and oPP were successfully chromatographed and quantitated by utilizing a reversed-phase Unisil Q C₁₈ column after extraction with an essential oil distillation apparatus. An acetonitrile-0.1M H₃PO₄ (55:45) mobile phase was used. TBZ was chromatographed by using a Unisil Q C₈ column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1M H₃PO₄ (80:20) after the extraction with ethyl acetate. The fungicides were detected with fluorescence detection at typical residue levels on citrus. The     

Catalytic Detection of Acetylthiourea in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

The catalytic effect of substituted thioureas was found in the indicator reaction of the oxidation of Bromopyrogallol Red with bromate. Conditions of conducting the oxidation reaction of Bromopyrogallol Red with potassium bromate in the batch and dynamic modes were studied. The parameters of the flow system and the preconcentration of reactants were optimized. A technique was developed for the selective catalytic detection of acetylthiourea after its chromatographic separation from other thioureas, which allows its determination in the presence of 100-fold amounts of dimethylthiourea and ethylthiourea. The detection limit of acetylthiourea was 1 × 10^–5 M. The proposed technique can be used in pharmacology and medical practice.