高Tc超导体YBCO磁通钉扎的计算机模拟研究

临界电流密度Jc是影响高温超导体在强电领域应用的一个重要参数,在实际应用中,特别在外加磁场下,临界电流密度与超导材料的磁通钉扎性质密切相关.因此,磁通钉扎一直是高温超导体研究中的一个重要领域.由于高温超导体磁通钉扎力密度Fp的标度律存在,本文根据D.Dew-Hughes总结的钉扎力函数,主要存在两种主要作用类型(正常相和△K).我们将D.Dew-HugBes给出的钉扎力密度Fp标度函数改进为一个简化的具有物理意义的函数表达式.结合文献中已有的实验数据,我们对YBcO进行了计算机模拟,确定了它的磁通钉扎类型,模拟的研究结果与实际情况比较吻合.     

高温超导体混合态的钉扎力与标度律

基于推广的磁通热激发模型，我们提出了评估超导体中钉轧力的一个新方法，该方法用于一个统一的形式表达了温度，磁场以及电流密度对作用于磁通线上钉的扎力的影响，它解释了超导体混合态的电阻行为，并很好地拟合了Ｂｉ－２２２３外延膜钉扎力的标度行为。     

磁通钉扎效应浅释

第二类超导体中,晶体缺陷与磁通线之间的相互作用力能阻滞磁通线的自由运动,叫做对磁通线的钉扎力．晶体缺陷叫做钉扎中心,简称钉点．每个钉点的钉扎力叫元钉扎力（ｆ）．单位体积中所有ｆ的矢量和叫宏观钉扎力密度,简称宏观钉扎力（Ｆ）．设单位体积中元钉扎力为ｆｉ的钉点有ｎｉ个,则　　　　．由于ｆｉ及Ｆ的存在而导致的一切宏观不可逆性质,如临界电流,磁滞现象,交流损耗等等都是“钉扎效应”的表现．对钉扎效应的?...     

二维磁通随机钉扎系统动力学行为的数值模拟

本文利用数值模拟的方法,研究在Ｌｏｒｅｎｔｚ 驱动力作用下,随机钉扎环境中运动的二维磁通点阵的动力学行为．通过对不同随机分布点钉扎中心密度和不同磁通间相互作用强度的研究,发现磁通点阵存在从弹性区向塑性区的渡越（ｃｒｏｓｓｏｖｅｒ） , 并且这种渡越强烈依赖于磁通之间及磁通与钉扎之间的相互作用．随着钉扎中心密度的增加及磁通间相互作用强度的减弱,临界钉扎力增强．模拟结果与最近实验结果定性一致．部分结果偏离集体钉扎理论     

高温超导体相对定量的磁通钉扎力分析

为了更准确地分析高温超导体在高温如液氮温区的磁通钉扎机制，基于Dew—Hughes模型，对传统的钉扎力标度方法进行了改进，发展了钉扎力密度的多源分析方法．在高温超导体中芯钉扎机制处于主导地位，由正常相和Ginzburg参量(△k)变化引起的点、面和体缺陷在改进分析方法中均将考虑．论中通过几个Bi-2223／Ag带材的钉扎力分析实例对传统的单函数方法和改进多源分析方法进行了比较．结果表明，采用多源分析方法可以更准确地给出样品中起作用的钉扎机制的信息，例如，样品中对磁通钉扎有贡献钉扎中心类型及其相对强度等．     

Ba1-xKxFe2As2单晶(Tc=38.5K)磁通钉扎力与钉扎机理研究

铁基超导体是在2008年由Hosono发现的一种新型超导材料, 由于其具有上临界场高、各向异性小、临界电流密度大等优点, 在世界范围内引起了广泛关注. 以Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂为代表的FeAs-122系超导体具有结构简单、合成温度低、单晶容易制备等优点, 是物理学家和材料学家关注的焦点. 本工作在获得最优化掺杂的Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂单晶(T_c = 38.5 K)基础上, 通过分析其在不同磁场条件下电阻温度变化关系、不同温度条件下的磁滞回线等数据, 系统的研究了Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂单晶磁通钉扎力和磁通钉扎机理. 研究发现Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂超导体具有非常高的磁通钉扎势, 其中9 T的外场条件下, 其在H//c轴和H//ab面的钉扎势分别为5800 K和8100 K, 展示出良好的应用前景; 通过进一步分析发现, 其磁通钉扎机理应是由于晶格内部的小尺寸缺陷引起的电子平均自由程变化而导致的δl钉扎.     

中子辐照熔融织构YBa2Cu3Oy的临界电流

测量了中子辐照熔融织构YBa₂Cu₃O_y样品从1.5K到85K之间一系列温度下的磁化曲线。磁场H平行于c轴时,在6K观察到磁通跳跃。中子辐照可使临界电流提高一个数量级。分析了临界电流的各向异性,辐照增强与磁场的关系和主要的钉扎中心。讨论了磁通跳跃的物理模型。 关键词：     

Ⅱ类超导体的平面钉扎模型

提出一件钉扎模型。将按此模型导出的钉扎力公式与实验结果进行了比较。     

高温超导体的好消息

高温超导材料在应用上的主要困难是临界电流密度太低.问题在于混合态时材料中磁通线所受的钉扎力较弱,稍大一点的电流通过会引起磁通线的运动,从而产生电阻破坏超导电性,早些时候,很多人认为这个缺点很难甚至不可能被克服. 1989年,中子辐照YBa-2Cu-3O-7样品对临界电流影响方面的实验给人们以希望.例如贝尔实验室 Bruce Van Dover 等人进行的辐照实验,辐照前,77K下YBa-2Cu-3O-7晶体最大的临界电流密度为6500A/ cm～2 ,辐照后,提高到620000A/cm～2.也许是辐照产生的小缺陷成为磁通线的钉扎中心. 临界电流密度提高100倍的结果只在一个晶…     

超导体混合态的磁通运动与霍尔效应

我们根据一个推广的热激活磁通运动模型，得到钉扎力Ｆｐ的具体形式，并由此给出了混和态下霍尔电阻率ρxy随磁场变化的表化，我们的结果，定性地解释了有关实验现象。     

高JcBi-2223银包套带材的电阻转变展宽与磁通钉扎

系统地研究了高J_cBi-2223相银包套带材在0—1T磁场下的电阻转变展宽.实验结果表明,Bi-2223带材的电阻转变具有热激活的性质.研究了磁通钉扎势与温度的关系,得到电阻转变曲线的温度关系为R(T)=R₀exp{-u₀(1-T/T_c)ⁿ/kT},其中磁场平行于ab面时,n=4.5;磁场垂直于ab面时,n=3.在磁场平行于ab面时,耗散与Lorentz力无关,只与平行于ab面的磁场大小有关,这可 关键词：     

Elementary pinning forces measured using low temperature scanning electron microscopy

Magnetic flux penetrating Josephson tunnel junctions parallel and transverse to the tunnel barrier has been imaged using low temperature scanning electron microscopy. Employing this technique we have studied the behavior of magnetic flux quanta under the influence of external forces. The strength of pinning centers acting on vortices existing within the barrier has been determined by measuring the turning angle of these flux quanta in rotating magnetic fields. Trapped transverse flux quanta could be depinned by applying a sufficient Lorentz force or electron beam irradiation. The strength of the pinning centers has been determined.     

Pinning-force density of superconducting Bi-2223 tape wires

The pinning-force density and the irreversibility field are measured for Bi-2223 tape wires at various temperatures under the magnetic fields normal and parallel to the c-axis. It is found that the scaling laws of pinning-force density in the low- and high-temperature regions and the temperature dependence of the irreversibility field are formally the same between the two field directions in spite of some anisotropy factor, suggesting that the pinning mechanism is essentially the same for the two field directions. These results are compared with the numerical calculation based on the flux-creep model. The experimental results are well explained by the theory including the anisotropic property.

The pinning potential estimated from the flux-creep theory at 80 K and 1.0 T is of the order of several 10 meV and the factor of the anisotropy is about 1.3. The value of the pinning potential under the magnetic field along the c-axis suggests that the flux lines are strongly connected along this direction. The longitudinal elastic correlation length of the flux lines is of the order of several μm and this supports the hypothesis.

The pinning characteristics of a Bi-2223 tape wire to which the strong pinning centers are successfully introduced are discussed using the flux-creep theory for evaluating the potential of this material for application. The irreversibility field for the direction parallel to the c-axis is estimated to be sufficiently high even at 77.3 K and it is concluded that Bi-2223 has a sufficient potential for application.     

熔融织构(Nd-Eu-Gd)-Ba-Cu-O超导体的各向异性磁通跳跃及其不稳定性研究

对c轴择优取向的熔融织构样品(Nd_0.33Eu_0.33Gd_0.33) Ba₂Cu₃O_7-δ（含Gd(211)相）的磁通跳跃现象进行 了系统研究.结果表明，在外加磁 场平行于样品c轴条件下，在2到3K的温度范围内明显观测到了部分磁通跳跃现象，而 在5K及以上温区并未出现.在磁场垂直于样品的c轴情况，在2K到T_c的整个温 区都没有观察到磁通跳跃现象.这种各向异性磁通跳跃现象可归因于各向异性钉扎力和几何 退磁因子的结果.随着温度的增加，磁通跳跃数目减少，且M(H)曲线的第三象限是磁通 跳跃的最不稳定过程.最后，研究了磁通跳跃对磁场扫描速率的依赖关系，并讨论了磁通蠕 动对磁通跳跃的影响. 关键词： 0.33Eu_0.33Gd_0.33)Ba₂Cu₃O_7-δ超导体')" href="#">(Nd_0.33Eu_0.33Gd_0.33)Ba₂Cu₃O_7-δ超导体 OCMG方法 磁通跳跃     

Flux flow current-voltage characteristics and their magnetic field dependence in a type II superconductor

Experimental flux flow V-I characteristics are compared with our previous model which assumes flux motion is interrupted by local pinning interactions. Quantitative changes in these characteristics occur at the field at which the peak in the pinning force occurs.     

非理想第二类超导体局域磁弛豫的计算模拟：非均匀钉扎势和表面势垒影响

从热激活模型出发,对非理想第二类超导的局域磁行为进行了计算模拟.讨论了超导体体内非均匀钉扎势和表面势垒对局域磁通运动的影响.计算结果表明,体内非均匀钉扎势对磁通线的运动产生大的阻碍,表面势垒明显抑制了磁通线的进入和离开样品.相对于样品的平均磁弛豫行为和平均磁滞回线,非均匀钉扎以及扫场速率的差异更强地显示在样品的局域磁行为. 关键词： 非理想第二类超导体 局域磁弛豫 非均匀钉扎 表面势叠     

Dramatic role of critical current anisotropy on flux avalanches in MgB2 films

Anisotropic penetration of magnetic flux in MgB(2) films grown on vicinal sapphire substrates is investigated using magneto-optical imaging. Regular penetration above 10 K proceeds more easily along the substrate surface steps, the anisotropy of the critical current being 6%. At lower temperatures the penetration occurs via abrupt dendritic avalanches that preferentially propagate perpendicular to the surface steps. This inverse anisotropy in the penetration pattern becomes dramatic very close to 10 K where all flux avalanches propagate in the strongest pinning direction. The observed behavior is fully explained using a thermomagnetic model of the dendritic instability.     

Field induced flux pinning in Nd1+xBa2−xCu3O7−δ single crystal

The flux pinning behavior of a Nd_1+xBa_2−xCu₃O_7−δ (Nd123) single crystal, which exhibited a peak effect, has been studied by monitoring the time decay of the magnetic moment. The apparent pinning energy (U₀^*) was deduced from flux creep data on the basis of the Anderson-Kim model. The magnetic field dependence of U₀^* showed maxima at peak fields which depended on the temperatures, in a similar manner to those of critical current densities. In addition, the temperature dependence of U₀^* showed several features. To explain the increase in U₀^* with the field as well as its temperature and field dependence, we made a numerical calculation by introducing an additional pinning energy which increased with increasing field. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data, especially at temperatures above 60 K, where the contribution of field induced pinning centers is believed to be dominant.     

The volume pinning force for different shapes of the interaction potential between defects and flux lines

The volume pinning force in superconductors with randomly distributed line defects nearly perpendicular to the flux lines is calculated for model as well as realistic interaction potentials between single defects and single flux lines. Both attractive and repulsive interactions defect — flux line were considered. The line defects were constructed from point defects distributed with constant density on straight lines. The deviations of the results from the theory of Labusch are considerable for small elementary interaction forces between defects and flux lines. The deviations (as well as the differences between repulsive and attractive interaction potentials) are larger for the realistic interaction potential than those for the different model potentials. The threshold values for the flux line distortion (under which no net volume pinning can exist) is also given.