磺酸型离子液体催化合成叶青素

以含磺酸基离子液体1-(4-磺酸基)丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([4-sulfbmim][BF4])为酸性催化剂,由乙缩醛和苯甲醇合成了叶青素。采用正交实验方法考察了合成条件的影响,固定反应温度为20℃条件下,确定优化合成条件为:n(苯甲醇)∶n(乙缩醛)=1∶8,反应时间60min,催化剂用量为每摩尔苯甲醇4g,产率为92.2%。与H2SO4催化剂相比[4-sulfbmim][BF4]的催化活性相对较弱,但综合效果优于H2SO4。[4-sulfbmim][BF4]循环使用6次,催化活性基本不变。     

NiWO_4/g-C_3N_4的制备及其在离子液体中氧化脱硫性能的研究

采用水热法合成了NiWO_4纳米粒子,然后通过混合煅烧法成功地制备了负载型催化剂NiWO_4/g-C_3N_4。采用XRD、FT-IR、EDS、SEM、BET和XPS表征了NiWO_4/g-C_3N_4的形貌和结构特征。以NiWO_4/g-C_3N_4为催化剂,过氧化氢为氧化剂,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体([BMIM]BF4)为萃取剂。考察了催化剂的负载量,过氧化氢、离子液体和催化剂使用量,反应温度,反应时间,不同种类的含硫化合物对脱硫效果的影响。结果表明,在5 m L模拟油,0.2 m L过氧化氢,1.0 m L的[BMIM]BF4,0.03 g的NiWO_4/g-C_3N_4,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为140 min的最佳的反应条件下,脱硫率可以达到97.35%。实验表明,NiWO_4/g-C_3N_4具有很好的催化稳定性,催化剂重复使用五次后催化活性并没有明显地降低。     

多肽BRC4的固相法合成及其与RAD51（231-260）的相互作用

采用Fmoc固相合成策略,以Wang树脂为载体,Fmoc保护的氨基酸为原料,HOBT/HBTU/DIEA 为缩合剂,经RP-HPLC分离纯化合成了3条多肽(BRC4, BRC4-1和BRC4-2),纯度＞90%,其结构经MS（ESI）确证。采用圆二色光谱研究了BRC4, BRC4-1和BRC4-2与蛋白RAD51关键肽段RAD51（231-260）的相互作用。结果表明：3条多肽与RAD51(231-260)的相互作用强度为BRC4-1＞BRC4-2＞BRC4。     

酸性功能化离子液体催化合成叶青素

以含磺酸基离子液体1-(4-磺酸基)丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([4-sulfbmim][BF₄])为酸性催化剂,由乙缩醛和苯甲醇合成了叶青素。 采用正交实验方法考察了合成条件的影响,固定反应温度为20 ℃条件下,确定优化合成条件为：n(苯甲醇)∶n(乙缩醛)=1∶8,反应时间60 min,催化剂用量为每摩尔苯甲醇4 g,产率为92.2%。 与H₂SO₄催化剂相比[4-sulfbmim][BF₄]的催化活性相对较弱,但综合效果优于H₂SO₄。 [4-sulfbmim][BF₄]循环使用6次,催化活性基本不变。     

过硫代碳酸配体［CS4］2-生成的新方法［Me4N］n［Cu(CS4)］n(I)和［Me4N］4［Cu4(CS4)4］(Ⅱ)的合成与晶体结构

用硒酚铜簇合物和硫酚铜簇合物[Me4N]2[Cu4(EPh)6](E=Se和S）与CS2及少量S反应,分别获得了以过硫代碳酸根[CS4]^2-为配体的[Me4N]n[Cu(CS4)]n(I)和[Me4N]4[Cu4(CS4)4](Ⅱ）。并用X射线单晶衍射法测定了它们的晶体结构。I为二维层状聚合物,Ⅱ为四核铜簇阴离子化合物。并对[CS4]^2-形成的机理作了讨论。     

3-吲哚乙酸印迹聚合物的制备及其分子识别性能

以IAA为模板分子,4-乙烯基吡啶(4-Vpy)为功能单体,乙腈为致孔剂,采用本体聚合方法,制备了IAA的印迹聚合物P(4-Vpy),用色谱法评价了其分子识别性能,并且与同样条件下以丙烯酰胺(AA)为功能单体合成的IAA印迹聚合物P(AA)进行了比较。结果表明,乙腈为流动相时,P(4-Vpy)比P(AA)对IAA具有更高的印迹效率,对IAA表现出了更好的分子识别能力。流动相对P(4-Vpy)分子识别能力的影响实验证明,静电作用在其分子识别过程中起重要作用。两种不同用量的乙腈为致孔剂制备所得IAA印迹聚合物P(4-Vpy)和P`(4-Vpy)的色谱测定结果表明,致孔剂的加入量对其印迹效率有显著影响。     

Co3O4纳米粒子的固相合成及磁性研究

以Co(NO3)2.6H2O和NaOH为原料,用固相法合成了Co3O4纳米微粒。用XRD和FT-IR研究了反应进程,证明Co3O4在焙烧阶段形成。用TEM观察了Co3O4纳米微粒的形貌,用磁天平测试了其磁性。结果表明,固相法可以制得平均粒径为22 nm的铁磁性Co3O4纳米微粒,属立方晶系,形状为多角形。400℃焙烧2 h所得纳米Co3O4的磁性强度为1.7922×10-2mT-1。     

纳米Fe_3O_4及钴离子掺杂Fe_3O_4:有机碱共沉淀制备和磁性质

以有机碱四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAH)为沉淀剂合成了纳米Fe3O4和Co2+掺杂的纳米Fe3O4粒子。分别讨论了碱用量,铁盐溶液浓度,反应温度,有机碱及PEG-4000的分散性等因素对纳米Fe3O4的形貌影响。结果表明,所合成的纳米Fe3O4为30nm左右的反尖晶石型面心立方结构,有机碱除了起沉淀剂作用,还能够提高纳米Fe3O4的分散性。本文还讨论了不同Co2+掺入量的纳米Fe3O4粒子的磁性质,结果表明Co2+掺杂的纳米Fe3O4粒子的矫顽力在不同掺入量的下有较大的改变。当Co2+掺入量为10.0%时,纳米Fe3O4的矫顽力达到最大值,为1628Oe。     

2,3-二甲基-4-氯吡啶-N-氧化物的合成工艺改进

对2,3-二甲基-4-氯吡啶-N-氧化物(4)的合成工艺进行了改进。以2,3-二甲基吡啶为原料,经氧化(钨酸钠为催化剂,双氧水为氧化剂,收率96.5%),硝化(65%的浓硝酸为硝化剂,收率86.3%,纯度99.0%)及氯化(乙酰氯为氯化剂,收率86.8%,纯度98.6%)合成了4,总收率72.2%,4的结构经1H NMR表征。     

多元醇还原法合成锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO_4

以三甘醇为还原剂,Li2CO3和三价铁源FePO4为原料,通过多元醇还原法在低于300℃下直接制备了结晶良好的纯相LiFePO4,无须后续热处理。0.1C首次放电比容量为140.5mAh·g-1。为了进一步改善纯相LiFePO4的电导率,以聚乙烯醇为碳源,在700℃下热处理进行了碳包覆改性,获得了LiFePO4/C复合正极材料。合成的LiFePO4/C在0.1C下放电容量为155mAh·g-1,5C倍率下放电比容量保持在125mAh·g-1,具有很好的倍率性能和循环稳定性。     

Dependence of the Formation Function of a Complex with an Oligomer on the Number of Monomers in Its Chain

Isotherms of ligand adsorption by short oligomers were calculated in the form of Scatcharddependences by the matrix method, were used to calculate ligand-polymer binding constants by theMcGhee-Hippel method; the resulting binding parameters are close to theoretical. The complex formationwith a polymer can be distinguished from the complex formation with an oligomer statistically, when a precise formation function and physical methods sensitive to the concentrations of monomer forms are available. Parameters of binding 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)-21H-porphine with the DNA [d(T₄4G₄4)]₄4 tetraplex at 25°C were calculated on the basis of the matrix and statistical approaches.     

酸度分布-吸收光谱法用于灰色体系中食用色素的定量分析

利用合成色素随ｐＨ变化的人分布分数曲线和吸收光谱构成两维波谱信息,建立了灰色体系中色素的定量分析方法。约束背景双线性分解法（ＣＢＢＬ）结合数值遗传算法（ＮＧＡ）用于两维矩阵的数据处理。推导了型体总数与两维矩阵的有效秩之间的关系。吸光度矩阵的主成分数根据残余矩阵的残差平方和噪声水平相比较 确定,对标准样品及模拟灰色体系样品的研究表明该法确定的主成分数与理论值一致。对胭脂红、日落黄和柠檬黄的模拟灰色休     

Fock transforms in reciprocal-space quantum theory

In Fock's reciprocal-space treatment of the hydrogen atom,k-space is mapped onto the surface of a 4-dimensional hypersphere, and the solutions (apart from an invariant factor) are 4-dimensional hyperspherical harmonics. Fock's method can be generalized to provide solutions for the Schrödinger equation of a charged particle moving in a many-center Coulomb potential, and in this case the solutions are found by diagonalizing an overlap matrix involving products of hyperspherical harmonics. The present paper discusses a transform which can conveniently be used to evaluate the elements of the overlap matrix.     

Novel approach to enhance sensitivity in surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging using deposited organic‐inorganic hybrid matrices

Sample pretreatment is key to obtaining good data in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI). Although sublimation is one of the best methods for obtaining homogenously fine organic matrix crystals, its sensitivity can be low due to the lack of a solvent extraction effect. We investigated the effect of incorporating a thin film of metal formed by zirconium (Zr) sputtering into the sublimation process for MALDI matrix deposition for improving the detection sensitivity in mouse liver tissue sections treated with olanzapine. The matrix‐enhanced surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (ME‐SALDI) method, where a matrix was formed by sputtering Zr to form a thin nanoparticle layer before depositing MALDI organic matrix comprising α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) by sublimation, resulted in a significant improvement in sensitivity, with the ion intensity of olanzapine being about 1800 times that observed using the MALDI method, comprising CHCA sublimation alone. When Zr sputtering was performed after CHCA deposition, however, no such enhancement in sensitivity was observed. The enhanced sensitivity due to Zr sputtering was also observed when the CHCA solution was applied by spraying, being about twice as high as that observed by CHCA spraying alone. In addition, the detection sensitivity of these various pretreatment methods was similar for endogenous glutathione. Given that sample preparation using the ME‐SALDI‐MSI method, which combines Zr sputtering with the sublimation method for depositing an organic matrix, does not involve a solvent, delocalization problems such as migration of analytes observed after matrix spraying and washing with aqueous solutions as sample pretreatment are not expected. Therefore, ME‐Zr‐SALDI‐MSI is a novel sample pretreatment method that can improve the sensitivity of analytes while maintaining high spatial resolution in MALDI‐MSI.     

Calculation of equilibrium formation constants of complexes with a polydentate oligomer

A methodology of the calculation of ligand-oligomer complex formation and cooperative binding constants by the matrix method is described. Theoretical analysis of the equilibrium binding between a ligand and a polydentate oligomer having a system of sites with different ligand affinities is performed. The simulated equilibrium complex formation between the oligonucleotide G4-DNA and porphyrin TMPyP4 was used to construct and analyze diagrams of the relative fraction of DNA-ligand complexes by the matrix method. Cooperative ligand binding to a system of nonequivalent sites can be established by chemometric analysis and rigid modeling of spectrophotometric titration data (in terms of the chemical equilibrium model).     

Multilevel augmentation method with wavelet bases for singularly perturbed problem

Multilevel augmentation method with wavelet bases is demonstrated to show as the fast technique for solving singularly perturbed problems. Linear and quadratic wavelet bases are employed for constructing the full form of matrix system. To reduce the size of matrix coefficients, the multilevel augmented technique is applied at each current basis level. It is found that the multilevel augmentation method is faster than the standard multilevel method at the same order of accuracy. Convergent rates for linear and quadratic bases are 2 and 4 respectively. By the application of wavelet bases, numerical accuracy can be easily improved by increasing just desired levels in the multilevel augmentation process.     

Fast determination of the optimal rotational matrix for macromolecular superpositions

Finding the rotational matrix that minimizes the sum of squared deviations between two vectors is an important problem in bioinformatics and crystallography. Traditional algorithms involve the inversion or decomposition of a 3 × 3 or 4 × 4 matrix, which can be computationally expensive and numerically unstable in certain cases. Here, we present a simple and robust algorithm to rapidly determine the optimal rotation using a Newton‐Raphson quaternion‐based method and an adjoint matrix. Our method is at least an order of magnitude more efficient than conventional inversion/decomposition methods, and it should be particularly useful for high‐throughput analyses of molecular conformations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010     

采用钯基体改进剂石墨炉原子吸收法测定纺织品中的可萃取铅

纺织品标准中对铅的限量极为严格,但萃取汗液基体成分复杂,背景吸收干扰强烈,为解决纺织品中的可萃取铅检测的困难,建立了一种采用基体改进剂的石墨炉原子吸收光谱法,测定纺织品中的可萃取铅。通过比较两种基体改进剂,优化实验条件,确定了以钯-硝酸镁为基体改进剂、灰化温度1 200℃、原子化温度2 300℃的实验条件。结果表明,以钯-硝酸镁为基体改进剂更能有效降低纺织品可萃取铅的基体干扰,并且具有良好的精密度(2.6%~3.3%)和准确度(加标回收率94.3%~105.6%)。     

Determination of Brett character responsible compounds in wines by using multiple headspace solid-phase microextraction

This study presents a method based on the use of multiple headspace solid-phase microextraction (MHS-SPME) for the quantitative analysis of 4-ethylphenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 4-vinylphenol and 4-vinylguaiacol. MHS-SPME is a modification of SPME that implies several consecutive extractions from the same sample and avoids possible matrix effects. This study demonstrates the existence of a matrix effect in the analysis of compounds responsible for Brett character in wine when an HS-SPME based method is used with a carbowax/divinylbenzene (CW/DVB) fibre. For this reason, MHS-SPME is proposed as an alternative technique with respect to HS-SPME. The method proposed was validated and the detection limits obtained were 0.06 microg/l for 4-ethylguaiacol and 4-ethylphenol and, 0.20 microg/l for 4-vinylguaiacol and 0.12 microg/l for 4-vinylphenol. These detection limits are below the odour detection thresholds of the compounds in wine matrices. The repeatability obtained, in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD), was considered acceptable, ranging from 1 to 12%. To evaluate the applicability of the proposed MHS-SPME method, concentration results were compared with those obtained with the standard addition method, and the results were similar with both methods. Furthermore, the new method was satisfactorily applied to a number of commercial red, white and rosé wines. Therefore, MHS-SPME can be considered as an alternative to avoid the matrix effect in wine samples.