辐射与发光 发光与发光器件

TN312.8 2006031822白光LED的加速老化特性=Characteristics of the acceler-ated aging white LEDs[刊,中]/林亮(北京大学物理学院,人工微结构与介观物理国家重点实验室.北京(100871)) ,陈志忠…∥发光学报.—2005 ,26(5) .—617-621对两组GaN基白光发光二极管(LED)进行了对比温度加速老化实验,环境温度分别是80 ,100 ℃。随着老化温度的升高,电流-电压(I-V)曲线的隧道电流段、扩散电流以及反向漏电电流段均增加,而串联电阻段则变化较小,这是位错密度升高和金属杂质沿着螺旋位错聚集及移动的结果;电容-电压(C-V)曲线中反向偏压下电…     

利用温变电容特性测量发光二极管结温的研究

结区的温度, 简称结温, 是发光二极管(LED) 的重要参数之一, 它对LED 器件的出光效率、光色、器件可靠性和寿命均有很大影响, 准确测量LED 器件的结温对制备LED 芯片、器件封装和应用有着重要的意义. 本文利用反向偏压下的LED的势垒电容随温度变化的特性, 提出了一种LED结温测量的新方法. 论文首先测量和分析了LED在室温下反向偏压时的电容-电压(C-V)曲线和不同反向偏压下的电容-温度(C-T)曲线, 结果表明, 在合适的偏压下, LED的电容随温度的增大而显著增加, 并呈现良好的线性关系. 在LED工作中监测其电容的变化, 并与C-T曲线进行对比, 实现了LED结温的测量, 其测量结果和传统的正向电压法的结果相对比, 两者符合较好. 最后, 利用上述方法测量了LED 在恒流和恒压条件下的结温的实时变化过程. 较传统的结温测量方法, 本方法的优点在于只须要一次定标测量, 且可实现LED在任意电压和电流下的结温测量.     

基于电容和电导特性分析GaN蓝光发光二极管老化机理

采用正向交流小信号方法测试和分析老化前后GaN发光二极管（LED）的电容-电压特性,结合串联电阻、理想因子、隧穿电流参数讨论负电容以及电导变化情况.基于L-V曲线定性分析老化前后负电容的阈值电压,老化之后样管的受主浓度降低,辐射复合概率下降,大量缺陷以及非辐射复合中心出现,对载流子俘获作用增强,造成负电容降低.反向偏压以及小正向偏压下,隧穿效应导致老化之后样管的电导增大;正向偏压大于2.2 V区域,考虑串联电阻效应,老化后样管电导减小.在分析LED电容-电压、光输出、电学特性曲线与老化机理基础上,通过实验论证以及理论解释表明,负电容以及电导特性可作为分析LED老化特性的参考依据. 关键词： GaN发光二极管 负电容 电导 老化机理     

GaN基功率LED电应力老化早期的退化特性

对InGaN/GaN多量子阱蓝光和绿光LED进行了室温900 mA电流下的电应力老化,发现蓝光LED老化到24h隧穿电流最小,绿光LED到6h隧穿电流最小;同时,两种LED的反向漏电也最小、光通量最大,随后绿光LED的反向漏电增加较快且光通量衰减较快.把热退火效应和电应力下缺陷的产生分别看成正负加速因子,绿光LED的负...     

电流拥挤效应与LED器件可靠性分析

对小功率GaN基白光LED的电流拥挤效应进行了研究,发现串联灯组(8只为一组)在经过22 V电压冲击后出现漏电失效现象。通过Pspice软件对串联LED灯组进行模拟,发现与其他样品相比,受损样品承受了更大的电压和功率;对器件加-2 V偏压,利用光发射(EMMI)显微镜对芯片表面不同量级漏电流进行定位分析比较,结果表明漏电流集中在p型扩展电极端点附近。分析认为,电压冲击的破坏路径穿过了LED的量子阱结构,而电流的不均匀分布造成了 p型扩展电极附近的电流拥挤,加剧了pn结的损伤程度,提高电流扩展的均匀性可以有效提高LED的可靠性。最后还对在正向电流-电压区域出现微分负阻特性的器件进行了失效分析。     

基于不同电压下的电致发光和红外成像的太阳能电池缺陷检测

利用不同电压下的电致发光和红外热成像技术检测太阳能电池的缺陷。正向电致发光为电子空穴的辐射复合,与太阳能电池的串联电阻和少数载流子扩散长度有关,可以检测太阳能电池的断栅、隐裂等缺陷;反向电致发光为高电场强度下载流子的带内发光,可以探测弱的线性漏电和击穿,并且弱的线性漏电只在高的反向偏压下发光。利用不同电压下的红外热成像可以检测出线性和非线性漏电,强线性漏电在正反偏压电压下均有明显发热的现象,而非线性漏电在何种偏压状态下占优势取决于漏电类型。红外热成像无法探测出第二类击穿和第三类击穿。     

Si衬底GaN基蓝光LED老化性能

报道了芯片尺寸为500μm×500μm硅衬底GaN基蓝光LED在常温下经1000h加速老化后的电学和发光性能,其光功率随老化时间的变化分先升后降两个阶段;老化后的反向漏电流和正向小电压下的电流均有明显的增加;老化后器件的外量子效率(EQE)比老化前低;老化前后EQE衰减幅度在不同的注入电流下存在明显差异,衰减幅度最小处出现在发光效率最高时对应的电流密度区间。     

GaN发光二极管表观电阻极值分析

利用正向交流(ac)小信号方法对GaN发光二极管的电容-电压特性进行测量,可以观察到GaN发光二极管中的负电容现象。利用LED串联等效电路对表观电容和表观电阻进行了测量,表观电阻-正向电压曲线出现了一个极值点。通过对相关文献分析,提出负电容现象的根本原因是在较高的正偏下微分电容dQ/dU<0;推论出pn结的微分电容先随正向偏压的增大而急剧增大,当出现复合发光后随正向偏压的增大而减小,直到随正向偏压的增大而出现负值;正向偏置电压较大时,结电导电流的变化率根据I-V特性曲线取极大值,此时微分电容由于强复合效应已快速变小,表观电阻有极大值;得到了表观电阻极大值表达式。表观电阻与正向电压曲线的极值点与理论模型相吻合,证明了该理论模型的正确性。     

晶格匹配InAlN/GaN异质结肖特基接触反向电流的电压与温度依赖关系

测量了晶格匹配InAlN/GaN异质结肖特基接触的反向变温电流-电压特性曲线,研究了反向漏电流的偏压与温度依赖关系.结果表明:1)电流是电压和温度的强函数,饱和电流远大于理论值,无法采用经典热发射模型解释;2)在低偏压区,数据满足ln(I/E)-E^1/2线性依赖关系,电流斜率和激活能与Frenkel-Poole模型的理论值接近,表明电流应该为FP机制占主导;3)在高偏压区,数据满足ln(I/E)-E^1/2线性依赖关系,电流斜率不随温度改变,表明Fowler-Nordheim隧穿机制占主导;4)反向电流势垒高度约为0.60 eV,远低于热发射势垒高度2.91 eV,表明可导位错应是反向漏电流的主要输运通道,局域势垒由于潜能级施主态电离而被极大降低.     

静电对GaN基高压LED特性的影响

对GaN基绿光高压LED分别施加-500、-1 000、-2 000、-3 000、-4 000、-5 000和-6 000V的反向人体模式静电打击,每次静电打击后,测量样品的I-V特性曲线及光通量等参量,研究静电打击对GaN基高压LED器件性能的影响.结果表明:当样品经过-500,-1 000、-2 000、-3 000和-4 000V的静电打击后,由于LED器件内部产生了缺陷,发生了软击穿并且反向漏电流明显增加,但光通量的变化不明显;当经过-5 000V和-6 000V的静电打击后,由于发生了热模式击穿,温度迅速升高,在结区形成熔融通道,使LED的光通量明显减小,甚至衰减到未打击时的一半;在经受-6 000V的静电打击后,正向电压的减小和反向漏电流的增加更加明显,漏电现象更加明显,严重影响了器件的性能,最终使LED样品失效.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.