Vibrational spectra and molecular structure of methyl vinyl ether

The IR and Raman spectra of methyl-d₃ vinyl and methyl-d₃ vinyl-d₃ ethers are reported (along with earlier published spectra of the undeuterated molecule). The normal coordinate analysis, based upon CNDO/2 force constant calculations, confirms the absence of significant changes in CH₃ group dynamical properties in methyl vinyl ether compared to saturated ethers. Normal coordinate calculations of possible rotamers (cis structure force field with certain assumptions has been used) favours the planar trans (or close to it) structure of the second isomer.     

Ab initio calculations of the rotational potential functions for propanol and ethyl methyl ether

Calculations at the STO-3G and 4–31G levels have been carried out on propanol and ethyl methyl ether, with geometries obtained from molecular mechanics calcualations. Full relaxation was allowed in all degrees of freedom except for the torsion about the central bond, which was varied at 30° increments. A butane-type potential was found, the maximum and minimum values of energy are from 0° to 180° 5.55, 0.00, 4.02, and 0.00 kcal/mole for propanol, and 8.35, 2.74, 3.31, and 0.00 kcal/mole for ethyl methyl ether (4–31G).     

Vibrational spectra and rotational isomerism of ethyl trichloroacetate

The IR and Raman spectra of ethyl trichloroacetate (E-TCA) and its deuterate (E-TCA-d₅) have been measured in the liquid, glassy and crystalline states. Vibrational assignment was made by referring to isotopic wavenumber-shift, characteristic group frequencies of related esters and with the aid of a normal coordinate calculation on E-TCA and E-TCA-d₅. It is suggested that in the liquid and glassy states there exist two molecular forms (trans—trans—trans and trans—trans—gauche) with regard to the internal rotations about the ClC---C---O---CH₂CH₃ axis, and that the former persists in the crystalline state. The band pairs of E-TCA and the other ethyl esters are discussed in relation to the nature and number of rotational axes, effect of the heavy trichloromethyl group, and enhancement of band intensity by vibrational coupling.     

Vibrational spectra,conformational stability,barriers to internal rotation,r0 structural parameters and ab initio calculations of fluoromethyl methyl ether

The far-infrared spectrum of gaseous fluoromethyl methyl ether, FCH₂OCH₃, along with three of the deuterium isotopes, has been recorded at a resolution of 0.10 cm^–1 in the 350 to 50 cm^–1 region. The fundamental asymmetric torsional and methyl torsional modes are extensively mixed and have been observed at 182 and 132 cm^–1, respectively, for the stablegauche conformer with the lower frequency band having several excited states falling to lower frequency. An estimate is given for the potential function governing the asymmetric rotation. On the basis of a one-dimensional model the barrier to internal rotation of the methyl moiety is determined to be 527±9 cm^–1 (1.51±0.03 kcal/mol). A complete assignment of the vibrational fundamentals for all four isotopic species observed from the infrared (3500 to 50 cm^–1) spectra of the gas and solid and from the Raman (3200 to 10 cm^–1) spectra of the gas, liquid, and solid is proposed. No evidence could be found in any of the spectra for the high-energytrans conformer. All of these data are compared to the corresponding quantities obtained from ab initio Hartree-Fock gradient calculations employing the 3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets along with the 6-31G* basis set with electron correlation at the MP2 level. Additionally, completer ₀ geometries have been determined from the previously reported microwave data and carbon-hydrogen distances determined from infrared studies. The heavy-atom structural parameters (distances in Å, angles in degrees) arer(C₁-F) = 1.395 ± 0.005;r(C₁-O) = 1.368 ± 0.007;r(C₂-O) = 1.426 ±0.003; FC₁O = 111.33 ± 0.25; C₁OC₂ = 113.50 ± 0.18 and dih FC₁OC₂ = 69.12 ± 0.26. All of these results are discussed and compared with the corresponding quantities obtained for some similar molecules.     

Vibrational spectra and rotational isomerism of methyl methylsilyl sulphide

Infrared and Raman spectra of methyl methylsilyl sulphide are measured for the liquid and solid states. The fundamental vibrations are assigned and the normal vibrations calculated for two possible rotational isomers about the Si-S bond. Two different solid spectra are obtained, one corresponding to the trans form and the other to the gauche form; the liquid spectrum shows the presence of both forms. The gauche form is more stable than the trans form in the liquid state by 80 ± 50 cal mol^?1. The crystallization process indicates that the freezing and melting points of the trans form are slightly higher than those of the gauche form.     

Vibrational and rotational spectra and conformational behavior of (chloromethyl)thiirane

Infrared and Raman spectra of liquid and solid (chloromethyl)thiirane (3-chloropropylene sulfide), along with the infrared and microwave spectra of the vapor, have been recorded. The vibrational spectra are consistent with the existence of at least two conformations. Unlike the situation found for related molecules, the gauche-2 conformation of (chloromethyl)thiirane appears to be the most stable in all three phases. Variable temperature studies of the Raman spectra of the liquid allowed an enthalpy difference of 0.44 kcal mol⁻¹ between the gauche-1 and gauche-2 conformers to be calculated. The temperature dependence of certain Raman lines and the results of solution studies (infrared and Raman) suggest that a small amount of a third conformer (cis) might exist in the fluid phases. These experimental conclusions are supported by semi-empirical calculations (using the AM1 Hamiltonian) which suggest that all three conformers should be stable in the order: gauche-2 >gauche-1 >cis. In the microwave spectrum, the observed conformer has been experimentally determined to be the gauche-1 form with the rotational constants (in MHz): A = 7596.584, B = 1706.588, and C = 1476.982. The nuclear quadrupole constant η κ_aa_ has been determined to be −40.01 ± 0.38 MHz. The structure and conformations of (chloromethyl)thiirane are compared with related three-membered ring compounds.     

Vibrational spectra and torsional barrier of pentafluorophenol

The vibrational spectra of pentafluorophenol (PFP) have been investigated in the gaseous and solid states and as solutions in nonpolar solvents. An assignment of the thirty-three fundamental modes is proposed using the band contours and Raman depolarization ratios. Thermodynamic properties, calculated for a rigid-rotor harmonic oscillator approximation, are also reported. The potential barrier restricting the internal rotation about the phenyl-O bond was evaluated to be 1273 cm^?1.     

Vibrational spectra of ethyl dihaloacetates

Vibrational spectra of ethyl dihaloacetates have been studied. Infrared spectra in vapour and liquid phases, solutions in different solvents, and Raman spectra of these compounds have been recorded in order to assign the fundamental bands. The existence of different rotamers about the CC bonds joining the dihalomethyl and carbonyl groups produces a splitting in some bands of the spectra. It yields a more complex profile but, to some extent, it allows an easier assignment of bands which present that splitting. A theoretical study of the potential barrier hindering free rotation about that bond has been made in order to predetermine the number and orientation of the rotamers in each compound.     

Vibrational spectra and rotational isomerism of simple dialkyl dithioesters and N-acylglycine ethyl dithioesters,thiolesters, and dioxygenesters

Simple dialkyl dithioesters and N-acylglycine ethyl dithioesters have been investigated by Raman, resonance Raman and infrared spectroscopies. Based on the data of isotopic substituted derivatives and a normal coordinate analysis, vibrational assignments have been proposed for methyl dithioacetate. Raman spectra of ethyl dithioacetate(CH₃C(=S)S

CH₂CH₃) and methyl dithiopropionate (CH₃CH₂

C (=S)SCH₃) have provided fundamental knowledge on rotational isomerism about the bonds indicated. Raman, resonance Raman and FTIR spectroscopic studies on N-acylglycine ethyl dithioesters indicated the coexistence of three conformers in solution and a combined x-ray crystallographic-resonance Raman spectroscopic approach has been used to set up precise structure-spectra correlations for these conformers. The corresponding conformational states of N-acylglycine thiolesters and dioxygenesters are also discussed briefly.     

Vibrational spectra of ethyl iodedes

The infrared spectra of CH₃CH₂I, CD₃CH₂I, and CH₃CD₂I of the vapors and the solids at 170°C have been recorded from 4000-200 cm^?1. The Raman spectra of the liquids and vapors have also been recorded and depolarization values have been measured. Assignment of the eighteen fundamental vibrations has been based on depolarization values, band contours, group-frequency correlations, and normal coordinate calculations. A critical discussion of the CH stretching assignments in CH₃CH₂X molecules is presented.     

Infrared and Raman spectra,conformational stability,barriers to internal rotation,ab initio calculations and vibrational assignment of ethyl methyl selenide

The Raman spectra (3200–10 cm⁻¹) of ethyl methyl selenide in the gas, liquid and solid phases and the infrared spectra (3200–30 cm⁻¹) of the gas and solid have been recorded. Qualitative depolarization ratios have been obtained for the lines in the Raman spectrum of the liquid. By a variable temperature Raman study of the liquid, it has been determined that the gauche conformer is more stable than the trans rotamer by 158±16 cm⁻¹ (452±46 cal mol⁻¹), and the gauche conformer is the rotamer present in the solid. A complete vibrational assignment for the gauche conformer is presented. All of these data are compared to the corresponding quantities obtained from ab initio Hartree—Fock gradient calculations employing the STO-3G* and 4–31G*/MIDI-4* basis sets. Complete equilibrium geometries have been calculated for both rotamers and the results are discussed and compared with the corresponding quantities for some similar molecules.     

Vibrational spectra and torsional barrier of 2,4,6-triiodophenol

The i.r. and Raman spectra of 2,4,6-triiodophenol (s-TIP) have been recorded and assignments proposed for the frequencies of the normal modes. Some absorption bands useful for characterizing symmetrically-trisubstituted halophenols have also been identified. In CCl₄ solution, no evidence could be found in favour of self-association of s-TIP molecules. The barrier height hindering the rotation of the OH group about the phenyl-O bond was estimated to be 2068±20 cm⁻¹.     

Vibrational spectra and rotational isomerism of fluoroacetone

Infrared spectra have been redetermined for fluoroacetone in the vapor, liquid, and solid states, and Raman spectra have been obtained for the liquid. There are two rotational isomers present in the liquid, but only the more polar form is present in the crystalline solid and only the less polar form is present in the vapor. Vibrational assignments were made for the two rotamers with the aid of normal coordinate calculations that utilized a twenty-five parameter valence force field.     

Vibrational spectra and crystal structure of ethyl methyl sulfide-mercury(II) chloride complex

The crystal structure of the ethyl methyl sulfide-mercury(II) chloride complex, CH₃SCH₂CH₃· HgCl₂, has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The conformation about the CS-CC axis of the complex is trans, which is different from the conformation of crystalline ethyl methyl sulfide. The Raman and IR spectra of the complex have been measured. Observed wavenumbers of the CH₂ rocking and C-C stretching vibrations of the complex are close to those of the trans form of ethyl methyl sulfide in the liquid state, but the wavenumber of the C-S stretching vibration shifts on formation of the S-Hg bond.     

Spectra and structure of small ring compounds: Part XXXV. Vibrational spectra and ring-puckering and torsional potential functions of cyclobutylamine

The IR spectra (50–4000 cm^?1) of gaseous and solid cyclobutylamine and cyclobutylamine-N-d₂ and the Raman spectra (25–4000 cm^?1) of gaseous, liquid and solid cyclobutylamine and cyclobutylamine-N-d₂ have been recorded. Depolarization values were measured for both the gaseous and liquid states. Most of the thirty-six fundamental vibrations have been assigned and support for more than one molecular configuration is presented. In the low frequency region for the “light” compound, a series of four Q-branches have been assigned to transitions between energy levels of the ring-puckering vibration for the equatorial isomer. The transitional frequencies were fitted to an asymmetric single-minimum potential function of the form: V(X) = 0.474 × 10⁶X⁴ - 0.204 × 10⁵X² + 0.993 × 10⁵X³ with a reduced mass of 160 amu. The following torsional potential constants were determined for the “light” molecule- V¹ = 77.8 ± 17.0 cm^?1, V₃ = 784.0 ± 3.3 cm^?1. The trans conformation was found to be more stable than the gauche form by approximately 58 cm^?1 (0.17 kcal mol^?1). The barriers to trans-gauche, gauche-trans, and gauche-gauche interconversion are 803, 745 and 803 cm^?1, respectively.     

Vibrational spectra and conformational behavior of dicyclopropylmethane

Raman spectra of the condensed phases of dicyclopropylmethane have been recorded. In addition, i.r. spectra of this compound have been obtained for all three phases. From the appearance of spectral doublets in the liquid phase Raman (and i.r.) spectra, one member of each of which vanishes upon crystallization, it has been concluded that, in the liquid state, DCPM exists as an equilibrium mixture of at least two conformers. Based upon the spectral results for DCPM, and upon the conformational preferences of a number of related molecules, it has been concluded that these two conformers are the C₂ and C_sgauche/gauche rotational isomers, with the C₂ form being the one which remains in the solid phase. From a variable temperature study of liquid phase Raman peaks, it has been determined that the C₂ conformer of DCPM is more stable than the C_s conformer by 0.93 ± 0.10 kcal/mole. In addition, it appears that the C₂ rotamer of DCPM also predominates in the gaseous phase. Tentative assignments of the major spectral bands of DCPM have also been proposed.