Extraction Mechanism of Uranium(VI) with Di(1-Methylheptyl)Phosphoric Acid

The extraction of U(VI) from nitric acid solutions with di-(1-methylheptyl) phosphoric acid has been investigated. The dependence on nitric acid concentration, DMHPA concentration and temperature has been considered and the infra-red spectra of extracted species and extractant were recorded. The mechanism of extraction is discussed in the light of the results obtained.     

Extraction of uranium(VI) with bis(octylsulfinyl)methane

The liquid-liquid extraction of uranium(VI) from aqueous nitric acid with bis(octylsulfinyl)methane (BOSM) has been studied over a wide range of conditions. The extracted species appear to be UO₂(NO₃)₂·2BOSM. It was found that the extraction increased with increasing nitric acid concentration up to 8.5 mol/l and then descreased. Extraction also increased with increasing extractant concentration. The influence of temperature and salting-out agent concentration on the extraction equilibrium has also been investigated, and the enthalpy of the extraction reaction was estimated.     

Extraction of uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) ions from nitric acid solutions by N,N,N′,N′-tetrabutyladipicamide

A new symmetrical diamide, the straight-chain alakyl substituted neutral tetrabutyladipicamide (TBAA) has been synthesized, characterized and used for the extraction of U(V) and Th(IV) from nitric acid solutions in a diluent composed of 50% 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (TMB) and 50% kerosene (OK). Extraction distribution coefficients of U(VI) and Th(IV) as a function of aqueous nitric acid concentration, extractant concentration and temperature have been studied. Back-extraction of U(VI) and Th(IV) from organic phases by dilute nitric acid has been undertaken. From the data, the compositions of extracted species, equilibrium constants and enthalpies of extraction reactions have also been calculated.     

The Extraction of Uranium(VI) with n-Octyldecylsulfoxides (ODSO)-Toluene

The liquid-liquid extraction of uranium(VI) from aqueous nitric acid with n-octyldecylsulfoxide (ODSO) in toluene has been studied over a wide range of conditions. The extracted species appears to be UO₂(NO₃)₂·2ODSO. The extraction increased with increasing nitric acid concentration up to 2.0 mol/l and then decreased. Extraction also increased with increasing extractant concentration. The influence of temperature, salting-out agent concentration and complex anion concentration on the extraction equilibrium were also investigated, and the enthalpy of the extraction reaction was calculated.     

Study on the synergic extraction of uranium(VI) with petroleum sulfoxides (PSO) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) mixture

The synergic extraction of uranium(VI) from nitric acid solution with petroleum sulfoxides (PSO) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) mixture has been studied. It has been found that maximum synergic extraction effect occurs if the molar ratio of PSO to TBP is two to three. The composition of the complex of synergic extraction is UO₂(NO₃)₂·TBP·PSO. The formation constant of the complex isK _PT=8.19. The effect of extractant concentration, nitric acid concentration, salting-out agent concentration and temperature on the extraction equilibrium of uranium(VI) was also studied.     

Extraction of uranium(VI) by bis(hexylsulfinyl)methane

The extraction of uranium(VI) with bis(hexylsulfinyl)methane (BHxSM) from nitric acid aqueous solution has been investigated. It was found that the extraction increased with increasing nitric acid concentration up 8.5 mol/l and then decreased. Extraction distribution ratio also increased with the bis(hexylsulfinyl)methane concentration. The extraction species appear to be UO₂(NO₃)₂ ^.2BHxSM. The influences of temperature, salting-out concentration and oxalate concentration on the extraction equilibrium were also investigated, and the enthalpy of the extraction reaction was obtained. The result shows that the reaction of uranium(VI) extraction with BHxSM is an exothermic one.     

Liquid-liquid extraction of uranium(VI) from nitric acid solutions with bis(octylsulfinyl)ethane (BOSE)

The liquid-liquid extraction behavior of uranium(VI) from aqueous nitric acid with bis(octylsulfinyl)ethane (BOSE) in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane has been studied over a wide range of conditions. The extracted species appears to be UO₂(NO₃)₂·2BOSE. It was found that the extraction increases with increasing nitric acid concentration up to 7 mol/l and then decreased. Extraction also increases with increasing extractant concentration. The influence of temperature and salting-out agent concentration on the extraction equilibrium and stripping of uranium(VI) was also investigated and the enthalpy of the extraction reaction was obtained.     

Extraction of palladium from nitric acid medium by commercial resins with phosphinic acid,methylene thiol and isothiouronium moieties attached to polystyrene-divinylbenzene

Summary Commercially available polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) resins functionalized with isothiouronium (Tulsion CH-95), phosphinic acid (Tulsion CH-96) and methylene thiol (Tulsion CH-97) moieties have been used for separating palladium from nitric acid medium. Extraction of palladium has been studied as a function of time, concentration of nitric acid and palladium. The distribution coefficients (K_d, ml/g) of palladium on sulfur based resins (Tulsion CH-95 and Tulsion CH-97) are higher (5000-10⁴ml/g in 0.1M nitric acid) than on Tulsion CH-96 resin and decrease with increasing concentration of nitric acid. The initial rate of extraction of palladium by Tulsion CH-95 and Tulsion CH-97 resins was very rapid and the time required for the establishment of equilibrium was a function of palladium concentration in the aqueous phase. The rate data could be fitted by a second order rate equation and the magnitude of rate constant for the extraction of palladium by these resins (~10²M^-1. min^-1) decreased in the order of: Tulsion CH-95 > Tulsion CH-97 > Tulsion CH-96. The extraction isotherms of Tulsion CH-95 were fitted by Langmuir adsorption model and the coefficients were obtained by regression. The extraction capacity of palladium on Tulsion CH-95 was found to be ~20 mg/g at 3M nitric acid. Column experiments have been conducted and the data were fitted using Thomas model. A column utilization of 75% was achieved for the extraction of palladium by Tulsion CH-95 resin.     

Thermodynamics of the Extraction of U(VI) by N,N′-Didecanoylpiperazine

A novel extractant, N, N-didecanoylpiperazine (DDPEZ), was synthesized for the first time. The extraction of U(VI) by DDPEZ from aqueous nitric acid media in carbon tetrachloride has been studied. The dependence of extraction distribution ratio on concentration of aqueous nitric acid, extractant, salting-out agent and temperature was investigated and the enthalpy of the extraction was calculated.     

Extraction of trivalent iron in the ionic and colloidal states with Di-n-butylphosphoric acid

The extraction of trivalent iron in the ionic and colloidal states from diluted nitric acid solutions with di-n-butylphosphoric acid in cyclohexane has been studied. Depending on the concentration of di-n-butylphosphoric and nitric acid, the ionic and colloidal trivalent iron can be distributed between the solvent, aqueous phase and solvent-aqueous interface.     

Extraction of Uranium(VI) with N,N′-Dilauroylpiperazine in Carbon Tetrachloride

A novel extractant, N,N-dilauroylpiperazine (DLPEZ), was synthesized for the first time. The extraction of uranium(VI) with the novel extractant in carbon tetrachloride from aqueous nitric acid media has been studied. The dependence of extraction distribution ratio on the concentration of aqueous nitric acid, extractant, salting-out agent and temperature was investigated and the enthalpy of the extraction was determined.     

Batch and dynamic extraction of uranium(VI) from nitric acid medium by commercial phosphinic acid resin,Tulsion CH-96

Batch and dynamic extractions of uranium(VI) in 10⁻³–10⁻²M concentrations in 3–4M nitric acid medium have been investigated using a commercially available phosphinic acid resin (Tulsion CH-96). The extraction of uranium(VI) has been studied as a function of time, batch factor (V/m), concentrations of nitric acid and uranium(VI) ion. Dual extraction mechanism unique to phosphinic acid resin has been established for the extraction of uranium(VI). Distribution coefficient (K _d ) of uranium(VI) initially decreases with increasing concentration of nitric acid, reaches a minimum value at 1.3M, followed by increases in K _d . A maximum K _d value of ∼2000 ml/g was obtained at 5.0M nitric acid. Batch extraction data has been fitted into the linearized Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The performance of the resin under dynamic extraction conditions was assessed by following the breakthrough behavior of the system. Effect of flow rate, concentrations of nitric acid and uranium ion in the feed on the breakthrough behavior of the system was studied and the data was fitted using Thomas model.     

Extraction of lanthanoids and some associated elements by mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid and their separations

Mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (H₂MEHP) has been used to study the extraction of some lanthanoids and other associated elements from nitric acid medium. Effect of various variables like kind of diluent, concentration of metal ion, nitric acid and extractant has been investigated. Based on distribution data, it was possible to achieve some separations of lighter lanthanoids from metals like titanium, zirconium, thorium and uranium with high separation factors.     

New extractants for reprocessing of spent Th-U fuel

A study on solvent extraction of U(VI), Th(IV) and HNO₃ from nitric acid media by DEHSO is described. Extraction coefficients of U(VI), Th(IV) and HNO₃ as a function of aqueous HNO₃ concentration, extractant concentration and temperature have been studied. From the data the compositions of extracted species, equilibrium constants and enthalpies of extraction reaction have been evaluated. Back-extraction of U(VI) and Th(IV) from the organic phase by dilute nitric acid has also been tested. All studies on DEHSO are compared with TBP.     

Verteilung von Säure,Wasser, Methanol, Äthanol und Aceton Zwischen Gemischt Wässrig-Organischen Salpetersäurelösungen und Lösungen von Trilaurylammoniumnitrat in Cyclohexan

The distribution of acid, water, methanol, ethanol and acetone between mixed aqueous-organic nitric acid solutions and solutions of trilaurylammoniumnitrate in cyclohexane has been investigated. The distribution of acid rises with increasing concentrations of nitric acid, methanol, ethanol and acetone in the mixed aqueous-organic phase. The effect of the organic additives in increasing the distribution of the acid is methanol<ethanol<acetone. The concentration of nitric acid in the organic phase can be calculated by a formula similar to that describing the extraction from pure aqueous solutions. The distribution curves of water, methanol and ethanol resemble each other, all of them showing a minimum, when the distribution ration is plotted versus the nitric acid concentration in the mixed aqueous-organic phase. The acetone distribution decreases steadily with increasing nitric acid concentration. The shape of the curves is briefly discussed.      

Extraction of copper(II) with the APCD/DIBK system from concentrated hydrochloric and nitric acid media: estimation of true limit of acidity for the extraction

The extraction of copper(II) from strongly acidic solution (0.01-8M hydrochloric and 0.01-5M nitric acid) with ammonium 1-pyrrolidinecarbodithioate in di-isobutyl ketone has been studied. Compared with the hydrochloric acid system, a considerably larger amount of the reagent is needed for complete extraction of copper chelate from nitric acid solution as the extract is more unstable in the nitric acid system. The decomposition of copper chelates extracted from nitric acid is based on the oxidation of the reagent and the chelate; the spectral change of the extract from nitric acid suggests that the copper(II) chelate is initially oxidized to copper(II) and then decomposes. The upper limit of the acidity of both acids from which the copper chelate can be quantitatively extracted strongly depends on the reagent concentration; the limit with 8 x 10(-2)M APCD (500-fold reagent: metal molar ratio) was taken as 8 and 4M for hydrochloric and nitric acid, respectively.     

N,N,N',N'-Tetrabutyladipicamide as a new extractant in toluene of nitric acid and uranium (VI)

N,N,N',N'-Tetrabutyladipicamide (TBAA) was used for the extraction of nitric acid and uranyl(II) ion from nitric acid media into toluene. The effects of nitric acid, uranyl(II) ion, and extractant concentration, temperature and back extraction on the distribution coefficient of uranyl(II) ion have been studied. The main adduct of TBAA and HNO₃ is TBAA·HNO₃ in 1.0 mol/l nitric acid solution. The 1:2:2 complex of uranyl(II) ion, nitrate ion and TBAA as extracted species is further confirmed by IR spectra of the extraction of uranyl(II) ion with TBAA. The values of the thermodynamic parameters have also been calculated.     

Einfluß Organischer Lösungsmittel Auf die Extraktion von Thorium(IV) und Uran(VI) Mit Substituierten Sekundären und Tertiären Ammoniumnitraten aus Salpetersauren Lösungen

The influence of acetone on the extraction of Th(IV) and U(VI) from aqueous solutions of nitric acid by solutions of Amberlite LA-2 and trilaurylamine in cyclohexane has been investigated. The partition of nitric acid and acetone between the two phases is discussed. The change of the distribution ratios of Th(IV) and U(VI) by adding acetone to the liquid-liquid-system is explained by the shift of the equilibrium of the metal nitrate complexes and by the increase of the concentration of nitric acid in the organic phase.      

Selective extraction of palladium from acidic nitrate solutions with thiamacrocycles-synergized dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid systems

Thiamacrocycles-synergized sulfonic acid extraction systems have been studied for removing traces of palladium from nitric acid solutions. The influence of the concentration of nitric acid, HDNNS, and thiamacrocycle were studied. Then different thiamacrocycles, with various cavity size and with or without substituent were evaluated. Influences on the extraction and stripping behavior is discussed.     

Extraction of trace amounts of cerium(III) by oxides of amines and its separation from cerium(IV)

The solvent extraction of cerium(III) from nitric, hydrochloric and sulphuric acid solutions by 4-(5-nonyl)pyridine oxide and trioctylamine oxide in xylene has been studied. The influence of the concentration of the solvents and salting-out agents is described. From the results of partition experiments attempts have been made to deduce the nature of the extracted species. The investigation shows that cerium(III) can be separated from cerium(IV) from very dilute solutions of mineral acids and also from moderate nitric acid media.