用激光自混合干涉测量扬声器的Q值

用激光自混合干涉方法测量扬声器振动,从扬声器振动引起的自混合干涉信号测量扬声器振动速率.由正弦波激振扬声器测量振速的幅频特性曲线,谐波中包含扬声器谐振频率的方波激振扬声器测量振速衰减曲线,分别按谐振法和衰减法测量得到扬声器的品质因数约13.3和10.2.由于方波激励时扬声器有谐波振动成分,由方波激励获得的衰减曲线测量得...     

电容感应式隐蔽报警系统的设计与制作

利用电容器的电容值随着极板间介质介电常数而变化的物理性质,设计制作了一种隐蔽式防盗报警系统.其中应用555无稳态振荡器产生随电容值改变而变化的方波信号,经由单片机处理后送至报警器,最终完成监控报警的作用.系统设计简洁精巧,实现了报警系统优良的隐蔽性,误报率低,稳定性与可靠性良好,适应性强,具有广泛的应用前景.     

原子间的偶极相互作用对其在腔场中辐射谱的影响

研究了两个通过偶极-偶极力关联的两能级原子在单模腔场中的辐射谱,发现原子间偶极-偶极力的贡献;使辐射谱偏离关于中心频率的对称性.对真空场和强场情况作了细致的讨论.     

实验质子-中子互作用能量

本文介绍并发展了一种从实验结合能及激发能提取质子-中子互作用能δV_pn的方法,据此对N≥40全部偶偶核的基态及部分核的高自旋态的质子-中子互作用作了讨论.同时,还讨论了一些奇A核中特定组态的高自旋态的质子-中子互作用.结果表明,这类实验δV_pn值包含着p-n互作用的各种多极项,主要是单极和四极项,而且灵敏地依赖于核的形变,组态与转动频率.     

额外的Z0玻色子和质子衰变的困难

本文讨论了如果第二个不太重的Z⁰玻色子存在,弱、电、强单纯群的统一理论的情况.建议一个既包含第二个Z⁰,又保持标准模型的结果,并能克服SU(5)大统一理论中质子衰变困难的四个破缺标度的方案,从标准模型的色和味的角度看,这个方案不存在bizarre的费米子.最后将它推广到整个单纯李群里去.     

油包水乳状液中水滴微观电聚结特性研究

本文以白油和水为实验介质,利用显微高速摄像系统结合图像处理技术研究了高压电场作用下油中100μm以下水滴群的聚结特性。结果表明:正弦交流、方波和交流脉冲电场作用下液滴聚结以偶极聚结、振荡聚结和链式聚结为主。不同频率时液滴都可成链,粒径较大、含水率较高时更容易成链。链式聚结主要有3种形式。方波和交流电场下形成的液滴链要比交流脉冲电场中形成的液滴链长。直流脉冲电场作用下液滴主要以偶极聚结、电泳聚结为主,没有发现液滴成链现象。     

Tavis-Cummings模型中原子间偶极相互作用对场熵演化特性的影响

研究了单模辐射场与耦合双原子相互作用系统场熵的演化特性,讨论了原子间偶极相互作用对场熵演化特性的影响.研究结果表明,当原子间偶极偶极相互作用不太强时,场熵的时间演化行为与单光子JC模型相似;当原子间偶极偶极相互作用足够强时,场熵的时间演化行为与双光子JC模型相似 关键词： 单模辐射场 耦合双原子 场熵演化     

裂变偶微焊接工艺

与其他中子探测器比较，裂变偶中子探测器具有时间响应快、体积小的优点，它能在强γ辐射环境中精确而又迅速地响应中子注量的变化，适用于堆内和堆周围的中子通量描绘，在中子诊断和反应堆控制方面有广泛的用途。裂变偶的制作工艺主要包括两种：微焊接和封装，其中裂变珠与偶丝间微焊接的好坏程度对于裂变偶性能的影响至关重要。为进一步提高焊接效率，改善焊接后的性能，通过对各种焊接方法的调研，选用3种适用于微焊接、可行性较高的方法进行尝试和实验，用现有的技术条件制作了裂变偶。     

偶极流体的理论研究

铁电液晶、磁流体等在现代功能材料中具有重要地位,对人们的现实生活也产生了深远影响.本文着力介绍包含球形粒子的偶极流体体系在没有外场情况下的一些结构和性质,以及偶极相互作用对该体系的影响.介绍了国外研究偶极流体所采用的最新方法,这有助于我们进一步了解偶极流体复杂的结构和相变性质.     

两等同双能级原子与q模腔场任意N∑光子共振相互作用辐射谱研究

本文建立了“q模腔场-两原子”系统的任意N^∑光子相互作用模型,利用这一模型研究了两个偶极一偶极力关联的等同双能级原子与q模腔场任意N^∑光子.共振相互作用的辐射谱.对q模腔场分别处于不同数态:即q模腔场均为真空场、q模腔场均为强场、1模为真空场(q-1)模为强场、q₀模为真空场(qq₀)模为强场、以及(q-1)模为真空场1模为强场时辐射谱的结构持征及物理特性进行了详细分析,揭示出“q模腔场-两原子”系统任意N^∑光子共振相互作用辐射谱的一般特征.现有文献报道,仅仅是本文的普遍性结果在各种不同情况下的特例.     

Relaxation Effects in a System of a Spin-1/2 Nucleus Coupled to a Quadrupolar Spin Subjected to RF Irradiation: Evaluation of Broadband Decoupling Schemes

We have investigated the suitability and performance of various decoupling methods on systems in which an observed spin-1/2 nucleusI(¹³C or¹⁵N) is scalar-coupled to a quadrupolar spinS(²H). Simulations and experiments have been conducted by varying the strength of the irradiating radiofrequency (RF) field, RF offset, relaxation times, and decoupling schemes applied in the vicinity of theS-spin resonance. TheT₁relaxation of the quadrupolar spin has previously been shown to influence the efficiency of continuous wave (CW) decoupling applied on resonance in such spin systems. Similarly, the performance of broadband decoupling sequences should also be affected by relaxation. However, virtually all of the more commonly used broadband decoupling schemes have been developed without consideration of relaxation effects. As a consequence, it is not obvious how one selects a suitable sequence for decoupling quadrupolar nuclei with exotic relaxation behavior. Herein we demonstrate that, despite its simplicity, WALTZ-16 decoupling is relatively robust under a wide range of conditions. In these systems it performs as well as the more recently developed decoupling schemes for wide bandwidth applications such as GARP-1 and CHIRP-95. It is suggested that in macromolecular motional regimes, broadband deuterium decoupling can be achieved with relatively low RF amplitudes (500–700 Hz) using WALTZ-16 multiple pulse decoupling.     

组合脉冲宽带去耦

本文在理论分析的基础上,提出了一新的用于异核宽带去耦的组合脉冲:90°(X)150°(Y)70°(-Y)150°(Y)90°(X)。理论和实验表明,由此组合脉冲组成的去耦序列:NEW-16、NEW-32,去耦谱宽比常用的去耦序列:MLEV-16、WALTZ-16的去耦谱宽增加约30%。本文还提出了一种电路,使现已提出的大多数组合脉冲去耦序列,能在Varian XL-200 NMB谱仪上实现。     

A two-dimensional artifact from asynchronous decoupling

Many heteronuclear NMR experiments employ decoupling to collapse the heteronuclear multiplet, using decoupling schemes with a periodic phase modulation like WALTZ, MLEV, or GARP. Because of the periodic nature of these schemes, cycling sidebands are generated, whose intensity can be strongly reduced by decoupling asynchronously. We show that the most common implementation of asynchronous decoupling on modern spectrometers is such that the cycling sidebands are subjected to a periodic modulation. For multidimensional experiments, this results in ridges that can seriously compromise the quality of the spectrum. Based on our model, the artifact in a 2D [(1)H]-(15)N NOE equilibrium experiment is simulated and it is shown that the artifact can be prevented by using synchronous decoupling.     

The influence of the molecular system on the performance of heteronuclear decoupling in solid-state NMR

The intensity of the carbon signal in a CPMAS experiment has been measured for two CH and three CH(2) moieties in four test molecules under different phase-modulated proton decoupling conditions and as a function of the spinning rate. The proton decoupling schemes investigated were the golden standard TPPM and three of the GTn family. Aim of this analysis was to better describe experimentally the impact and limitations of phase-modulated decoupling. Sizeable differences in the response to decoupling were observed in otherwise chemically identical molecular fragments, such as the CHCH(2) found in tyrosine, phenyl-succinic acid or 9-Anthrylmethyl-malonate, probably due to differences in spin-diffusion rates. In keeping with known facts, the efficiency of the decoupling was observed to decrease with the MAS rate, but with somewhat different trends for the tested systems.     

Adiabatic decoupling sidebands

An analytical solution is given for amplitudes and phases of adiabatic decoupling sidebands as a function of spin inversion time tau. Since all the adiabatic decoupling phases theta(t, tau) refocus at two periods (2T) of the decoupling pulse, the sidebands are located at n/2T rather than at n/T as observed in other decoupling schemes. The real (R(n)(tau)) and imaginary (I(n)(tau)) amplitudes of the sidebands have symmetry R(n)(tau) = R(-n)(tau) and I(n)(tau) = -I(-n)(tau), forming a mirror image between the counterparts of the sidebands. When frequency sweep changes direction all I(n)(tau) are inverted while all R(n)(tau) remain unchanged, leading to pure absorption sidebands with two accumulations as demonstrated by Kupce and Freeman, and to an exchange of sidebands between counterparts. The sum of the real parts for sidebands n = 1 and 2 is almost a constant near on-resonance decoupling, and it increases substantially for large decoupling offsets. The phase defocusing can be minimized for all decoupling offsets by inserting an initial decoupling period with T(ini) = T/2, eliminating all sidebands located at n/2T (n = +/-1, +/-3, +/-5, ...).     

Straightforward, effective calibration of SPINAL-64 decoupling results in the enhancement of sensitivity and resolution of biomolecular solid-state NMR

We describe a simple yet highly effective optimization strategy for SPINAL-64 1H decoupling conditions for magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR. With adjustment of the phase angles in a coupled manner, the optimal conditions resulting from three parameter optimizations can be determined with adjustment of a single phase. Notably, echo T? relaxation times for 13C and 1?N show significant enhancement (up to 64%), relative to the previous described SPINAL-64 conditions, under the moderate 1H decoupling levels (60-100 kHz) and MAS rate (13.3 kHz) commonly employed for high-resolution SSNMR spectroscopy of proteins. Additionally, we also investigated the effect at higher spinning rate (33.3 kHz) and compared the results with other 1H decoupling schemes (TPPM, XiX), as well as SPINAL-64 with the originally reported optimal values.     

Method for efficient prevention of gravity wave decoupling on rectangular semi-staggered grids

Generation of short gravity wave noise often occurs on semi-staggered rectangular grids as a result of sub-grid decoupling when there is a strong forcing in the mass field. In this study a numerical scheme has been proposed to prevent the generation of the gravity wave decoupling. The proposed numerical method provides efficient communication between decoupled gravity wave finite-difference solutions by a simple averaging of a term in the height tendency in the continuity equation. The proposed method is tested using a shallow water sink model developed for the purpose of this study. It has been demonstrated that this method outperforms other existing approaches. The new scheme is time efficient, based on explicit time integration and can be easily implemented. The proposed method is applicable in hydrodynamic models specified on semi-staggered B or E grids.     

Supercycled SW(f)-TPPM sequence for heteronuclear dipolar decoupling in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance

The performance of a supercycled SW(f)-TPPM sequence for heteronuclear dipolar decoupling in solid-state NMR is analyzed here. The decoupling performance of this sequence with respect to experimental parameters, such as, the phase angle, proton offset and MAS frequency is studied. A comparison is made with two other commonly used decoupling schemes in solid-state NMR namely, SPINAL-64 and SW(f)-TPPM, on a sample of U-13C-labeled tyrosine. Our results show that supercycled SW(f)-TPPM performs better than the former sequences. Also, numerical spin dynamics studies are presented which support the experimentally observed efficiency in the decoupling.     

Improved heteronuclear dipolar decoupling sequences for liquid-crystal NMR

Recently we introduced a radiofrequency pulse scheme for heteronuclear dipolar decoupling in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance under magic-angle spinning [R.S. Thakur, N.D. Kurur, P.K. Madhu, Swept-frequency two-pulse phase modulation for heteronuclear dipolar decoupling in solid-state NMR, Chem. Phys. Lett. 426 (2006) 459-463]. Variants of this sequence, swept-frequency TPPM, employing frequency modulation of different types have been further tested to improve the efficiency of heteronuclear dipolar decoupling. Among these, certain sequences that were found to perform well at lower spinning speeds are demonstrated here on a liquid-crystal sample of MBBA for application in static samples. The new sequences are compared with the standard TPPM and SPINAL schemes and are shown to perform better than them. These modulated schemes perform well at low decoupler radiofrequency power levels and are easy to implement on standard spectrometers.     

Robust dynamical decoupling of quantum systems with bounded controls

We propose a general procedure for implementing dynamical decoupling of quantum systems without requiring arbitrarily strong, impulsive control actions. This is accomplished by designing continuous decoupling propagators according to Eulerian paths in the decoupling group for the system. Such Eulerian decoupling schemes offer two important advantages over their impulsive counterparts: they are able to enforce the same dynamical symmetrization but with more realistic control resources and, at the same time, they are intrinsically tolerant against a large class of systematic implementation errors.