Asymptotically efficient two-sample rank tests for modal directions on spheres

A general class of optimal and distribution-free rank tests for the two-sample modal directions problem on (hyper-) spheres is proposed, along with an asymptotic distribution theory for such spherical rank tests. The asymptotic optimality of the spherical rank tests in terms of power-equivalence to the spherical likelihood ratio tests is studied, while the spherical Wilcoxon rank test, an important case for the class of spherical rank tests, is further investigated. A data set is reanalyzed and some errors made in previous studies are corrected. On the usual sphere, a lower bound on the asymptotic Pitman relative efficiency relative to Hotelling’s T²-type test is established, and a new distribution for which the spherical Wilcoxon rank test is optimal is also introduced.     

Locally best rotation-invariant rank tests for modal location

For a general class of unipolar, rotationally symmetric distributions on the multi-dimensional unit spherical surface, a characterization of locally best rotation-invariant test statistics is exploited in the construction of locally best rotation-invariant rank tests for modal location. Allied statistical distributional problems are appraised, and in the light of these assessments, asymptotic relative efficiency of a class of rotation-invariant rank tests (with respect to some of their parametric counterparts) is studied. Finite sample permutational distributional perspectives are also appraised.     

Rigidity Theorems for Spherical Hyperexpansions

The class of spherical hyperexpansions is a multi-variable analog of the class of hyperexpansive operators with spherical isometries and spherical 2-isometries being special subclasses. It is known that in dimension one, an invertible $2$ -hyperexpansion is unitary. This rigidity theorem allows one to prove a variant of the Berger–Shaw Theorem which states that a finitely multi-cyclic $2$ -hyperexpansion is essentially normal. In the present paper, we seek for multi-variable manifestations of this rigidity theorem. In particular, we provide several conditions on a spherical hyperexpansion which ensure it to be a spherical isometry. We further carry out the analysis of the rigidity theorems at the Calkin algebra level and obtain some conditions for essential normality of a spherical hyperexpansion. In the process, we construct several interesting examples of spherical hyperexpansions which are structurally different from the Drury-Arveson $m$ -shift.     

Sub-Riemannian geodesics in SO(3) with application to vessel tracking in spherical images of retina

In order to detect vessel locations in spherical images of retina we consider the problem of minimizing the functional \(\int\limits_0^l {\mathfrak{C}\left( {\gamma \left( s \right)} \right)\sqrt {{\xi ^2} + k_g^2\left( s \right)} ds}\) for a curve γ on a sphere with fixed boundary points and directions. The total length l is free, s denotes the spherical arclength, and k _g denotes the geodesic curvature of γ. Here the smooth external cost C ≥ δ > 0 is obtained from spherical data. We lift this problem to the sub-Riemannian (SR) problem in Lie group SO(3) and propose numerical solution to this problem with consequent comparison to exact solution in the case C = 1. An experiment of vessel tracking in a spherical image of the retina shows a benefit of using SO(3) geodesics.     

Spherical Convergence of Double Fourier Integrals of Functions in Waterman Classes

The aim of the present paper is to obtain new results on the spherical convergence of double Fourier integrals of functions belonging to certain Waterman classes. A two-dimensional Waterman class of functions in L(R ²) is introduced in which the partial spherical Fourier integrals are uniformly bounded and converge at each point of continuity of the function in question, and which class is as large as possible. In addition, a one-dimensional Waterman class is established such that if the mean of a function belongs to this class, than its Fourier integral converges spherically at a given point, and this class is the largest possible in a certain sense.     

Supercritical fluid of particles with a Yukawa potential: A new approximation for the direct correlation function and the Widom line

We propose an approximation of a direct correlation function corresponding to the linearization with respect to ?β?(r) of a generalized mean spherical approximation for a hard-core multi-Yukawa system of particles. We use the results to study the behavior of maximums of thermodynamic response functions in the supercritical region of a fluid with a two-term Yukawa potential imitating the Lennard-Jones potential.     

Geometry of Discrete-Time Spin Systems

Classical Hamiltonian spin systems are continuous dynamical systems on the symplectic phase space \((S^2)^n\). In this paper, we investigate the underlying geometry of a time discretization scheme for classical Hamiltonian spin systems called the spherical midpoint method. As it turns out, this method displays a range of interesting geometrical features that yield insights and sets out general strategies for geometric time discretizations of Hamiltonian systems on non-canonical symplectic manifolds. In particular, our study provides two new, completely geometric proofs that the discrete-time spin systems obtained by the spherical midpoint method preserve symplecticity. The study follows two paths. First, we introduce an extended version of the Hopf fibration to show that the spherical midpoint method can be seen as originating from the classical midpoint method on \(T^*\mathbf {R}^{2n}\) for a collective Hamiltonian. Symplecticity is then a direct, geometric consequence. Second, we propose a new discretization scheme on Riemannian manifolds called the Riemannian midpoint method. We determine its properties with respect to isometries and Riemannian submersions, and, as a special case, we show that the spherical midpoint method is of this type for a non-Euclidean metric. In combination with Kähler geometry, this provides another geometric proof of symplecticity.     

A symmetry problem with applications to finance

In this paper we will consider an overdetermined problem in an unknown ring-shaped domain, and we prove that the domain has to be spherical ring. We will apply this problem to an \(n\) -dimensional toy model in the mean field game theory introduced by Lasry-Lions too. We show that if in Lasry-Lions model, the additional extra data ”the boundary is a level set” is assumed, then the region, where the solution is harmonic, has to have spherical symmetry.     

Equivariant Degenerations of Spherical Modules: Part II

We determine, under a certain assumption, the Alexeev–Brion moduli scheme M of affine spherical G-varieties with a prescribed weight monoid . In Papadakis and Van Steirteghem (Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble). 62(5) 1765–1809 19) we showed that if G is a connected complex reductive group of type A and is the weight monoid of a spherical G-module, then M is an affine space. Here we prove that this remains true without any restriction on the type of G.     

Spherical Lagrangians via ball packings and symplectic cutting

In this paper, we prove the connectedness of symplectic ball packings in the complement of a spherical Lagrangian, $S^{2}$ or $\mathbb{RP }^{2}$ , in symplectic manifolds that are rational or ruled. Via a symplectic cutting construction, this is a natural extension of McDuff’s connectedness of ball packings in other settings and this result has applications to several different questions: smooth knotting and unknottedness results for spherical Lagrangians, the transitivity of the action of the symplectic Torelli group, classifying Lagrangian isotopy classes in the presence of knotting, and detecting Floer-theoretically essential Lagrangian tori in the del Pezzo surfaces.     

On grid generation for numerical models of geophysical fluid dynamics

A simple geometric condition that defines the class of classical (stereographic, conic and cylindrical) conformal mappings from a sphere onto a plane is derived. The problem of optimization of computational grid for spherical domains is solved in an entire class of conformal mappings on spherical (geodesic) disk. The characteristics of computational grids of classical mappings are compared for different spherical radii of geodesic disk. For a rectangular computational domain, the optimization problem is solved in the class of classical mappings and respective area of the spherical domain is evaluated.     

Sobolev estimates for constructive uniform-grid FFT interpolatory approximations of spherical functions

The fast Fourier transform (FFT) based matrix-free ansatz interpolatory approximations of periodic functions are fundamental for efficient realization in several applications. In this work we design, analyze, and implement similar constructive interpolatory approximations of spherical functions, using samples of the unknown functions at the poles and at the uniform spherical-polar grid locations \(\left (\frac {j\pi }{N}, \frac {k \pi }{N}\right )\), for j=1,…,N?1, k=0,…,2N?1. The spherical matrix-free interpolation operator range space consists of a selective subspace of two dimensional trigonometric polynomials which are rich enough to contain all spherical polynomials of degree less than N. Using the \({\mathcal {O}}(N^{2})\) data, the spherical interpolatory approximation is efficiently constructed by applying the FFT techniques (in both azimuthal and latitudinal variables) with only \({\mathcal {O}}(N^{2} \log N)\) complexity. We describe the construction details using the FFT operators and provide complete convergence analysis of the interpolatory approximation in the Sobolev space framework that are well suited for quantification of various computer models. We prove that the rate of spectrally accurate convergence of the interpolatory approximations in Sobolev norms (of order zero and one) are similar (up to a log term) to that of the best approximation in the finite dimensional ansatz space. Efficient interpolatory quadratures on the sphere are important for several applications including radiation transport and wave propagation computer models. We use our matrix-free interpolatory approximations to construct robust FFT-based quadrature rules for a wide class of non-, mildly-, and strongly-oscillatory integrands on the sphere. We provide numerical experiments to demonstrate fast evaluation of the algorithm and various theoretical results presented in the article.     

On Monogenic Series Expansions with Applications to Linear Elasticity

In this paper recently studied orthogonal Appell bases of solid spherical monogenics in \({\mathbb{R}^3}\) are used to construct a polynomial basis of solutions to the Lamé equation from linear elasticity. To this end, a compact closed form representation of the Appell basis elements in terms of classical spherical harmonics is proved and a recently developed spatial generalization of the Kolosov-Muskhelishvili formulae in terms of a monogenic and an anti-monogenic function is applied.     

Operators Cauchy Dual to 2-Hyperexpansive Operators: The Multivariable Case

As a natural outgrowth of the work done in Chavan (Proc Edin Math Soc 50:637–652, 2007; Studia Math 203:129–162, 2011), we introduce an abstract framework to study generating m-tuples, and use it to analyze hypercontractivity and hyperexpansivity in several variables. These two notions encompass (joint) hyponormality and subnormality, as well as toral and spherical isometric-ness; for instance, the Drury–Arveson 2-shift is a spherical complete hyperexpansion. Our approach produces a unified theory that simultaneously covers toral and spherical hypercontractions (and hyperexpansions). As a byproduct, we arrive at a dilation theory for completely hypercontractive and completely hyperexpansive generating tuples. We can then analyze in detail the Cauchy duals of toral and spherical 2-hyperexpansive tuples. We also discuss various applications to the theory of hypercontractive and hyperexpansive tuples.     

On spherical four-point-spaces

A four-point metric space X is called planar (resp. spherical) if it is isometric to a subspace of the Euclidean plane (resp. isometric to a subspace of a sphere with geodesic distance). We show, among other things, that a four-point subspace of the plane is spherical if and only if its convex hull is either a line segment or a convex quadrilateral. A way to determine whether a given four-point-space is spherical or not is also presented.     

Generating Functions for Spherical Harmonics and Spherical Monogenics

In this paper, we study generating functions for the standard orthogonal bases of spherical harmonics and spherical monogenics in \({\mathbb{R}^{m}}\) . Here spherical monogenics are polynomial solutions of the Dirac equation in \({\mathbb{R}^{m}}\) . In particular, we obtain the recurrence formula which expresses the generating function in dimension m in terms of that in dimension m–1. Hence we can find closed formulæ of generating functions in \({\mathbb{R}^{m}}\) by induction on the dimension m.     

Holonomicity of relative characters and applications to multiplicity bounds for spherical pairs

We prove that any relative character (a.k.a. spherical character) of any admissible representation of a real reductive group with respect to any pair of spherical subgroups is a holonomic distribution on the group. This implies that the restriction of the relative character to an open dense subset is given by an analytic function. The proof is based on an argument from algebraic geometry and thus implies also analogous results in the p-adic case. As an application, we give a short proof of some results of Kobayashi-Oshima and Kroetz-Schlichtkrull on boundedness and finiteness of multiplicities of irreducible representations in the space of functions on a spherical space. To deduce this application we prove the relative and quantitative analogs of the Bernstein–Kashiwara theorem, which states that the space of solutions of a holonomic system of differential equations in the space of distributions is finite-dimensional. We also deduce that, for every algebraic group \({{G}}\) defined over \(\mathbb {R}\), the space of \({{G(\mathbb {R})}}\)-equivariant distributions on the manifold of real points of any algebraic \({{G}}\)-manifold \({{X}}\) is finite-dimensional if \({{G}}\) has finitely many orbits on \({{X}}\).     

Statistical inference for a certain class of bivariate distributions

The paper deals with statistical inference for a certain class of bivariate distributions. The class of marginal distributions is given and is shown to include distributions with only location and scale parameters. A normalizing transformation is applied to the marginal distributions and the parameters are estimated by maximum likelihood. For this class there is a great deal of simplification in the calculations for the asymptotic covariance matrix of the vector of parameter estimators. Statistics for tests of zero correlation are discussed. Also, the analysis is carried out for exponential marginal distributions.     

On lattice profile of the elliptic curve linear congruential generators

Lattice tests are quality measures for assessing the intrinsic structure of pseudorandom number generators. Recently a new lattice test has been introduced by Niederreiter and Winterhof. In this paper, we present a general inequality that is satisfied by any periodic sequence. Then, we analyze the behavior of the linear congruential generators on elliptic curves (EC-LCG) under this new lattice test and prove that the EC-LCG passes it up to very high dimensions. We also use a result of Brandstätter and Winterhof on the linear complexity profile related to the correlation measure of order $k$ to present lower bounds on the linear complexity profile of some binary sequences derived from the EC-LCG.