钛基PbO2+nano-WO3电极材料的复合共沉积及析氧活性

利用复合共沉积法,在涂有中间层SnO2-Sb2O5的Ti基体上制备了PbO2+nano-WO3复合电极材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和双电层电容法等对复合电极表面的组成、结构、形貌及有效电化学面积进行测试.结果表明,随着纳米WO3掺杂量逐渐增大,复合电极的表面粗糙度和孔隙率逐渐变大,电化学有效面积也随之增大;利用线性扫描及Tafel曲线等电化学测试方法研究了nano-WO3的掺杂对复合电极析氧活性的影响,结果表明,掺杂nano-WO3的复合电极较纯PbO2电极的析氧活性大幅提高,其起始析氧电位发生负移,析氧过电位下降,最大可降低近300 m V.     

阳极电沉积条件对Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/PbO2+Nano-Co3O4复合电极组成、形貌和结构的影响

本文在涂有中间层SnO2-Sb2O5的Ti基体上,采用阳极复合电沉积法制备了Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/PbO2+Nano-Co3O4复合电极材料,借助于X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、扫描电镜（SEM）等分析方法研究了制备条件对该复合电极材料的组成、结构和形貌的影响。结果表明,纳米Co3O4的掺杂可提高PbO2电极表面的粗糙度和空隙率;沉积电位、镀液中Co3O4粒子浓度及有机溶剂的添加均对镀层中Co3O4的嵌入量有很大影响。     

采用循环伏安与Tafel曲线比较不同阳极的电催化性能

采用循环伏安和Tafel曲线两种方法评价了Pt电极、钛基二氧化钌电极(Ti/RuO2)及钛基二氧化锡电极(Ti/SnO2)的电催化氧化性能.结果表明,在500 mg/L的苯酚溶液中,Pt,Ti/RuO2和Ti/SnO2电极氧化苯酚的峰电位依次为0.93,0.95和1.40 V(vsAg/AgCl).Tafel曲线表明,三种电极析氧过电位的顺序依次是Ti/RuO2相似文献   

阳极共沉积法制备Fe和Co掺杂PbO2电极及其性能表征

采用阳极共沉积的方法制备了Fe和Co掺杂Ti/PbO2电极。 用XRD、SEM及循环伏安法研究了Fe和Co掺杂对Ti/PbO2电极的影响。 结果表明,掺杂Fe和Co的Ti/PbO2电极与纯Ti/PbO2电极相比,虽然形貌变化很小,但在结构和性质上发生了改变。 Co掺杂可提高电极的析氧活性,PbO2 电极涂层在电化学过程中存在溶解和重新沉积或者晶型转化的现象。 这种Pb2+的溶解与再沉积可能会影响电极材料的寿命。     

高性能Bi3+掺杂改性PbO2电极的制备及表征

采用电沉积法制备了金属Bi3+改性PbO2(Bi-PbO2)电极,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射(UV-VisDRS)、荧光光谱(FP)、莫特-肖特基(Mott-Schottky)曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和线性极化扫描(LSV)等方法表征了其微结构和电化学性能.SEM、EDS和XPS结果表明,Bi3+以Bi2O3的形式掺杂进入PbO2镀层,同时其掺杂改性可明显改善PbO2镀层的微结构,使电极表面颗粒细化;XRD和UV-VisDRS分析结果显示Bi3+掺杂改性后,PbO2晶体的晶胞参数发生变化,同时禁带宽度(Eg)变小;荧光光谱分析表明Bi-PbO2电极可促进羟基自由基的产生,增强电极降解有机物的催化活性;电化学性能测试显示,Bi3+改性PbO2电极电催化活性的提升与电极的平带电势(Efb)负移、活性表面积增大、电化学反应电阻减小和析氧电位提高有关.     

钕掺杂Ti基Sn-Sb涂层电极的制备及性能评价

以SnCl4·5H2O, Sb2O3和Nd(NO3)3·6H2O为前驱体, 纯钛板为基体, 采用涂层热解法制备了Nd掺杂Ti基Sn-Sb氧化物涂层电极. 通过对所制备电极的析氧电位和含阴离子表面活性剂污水降解效果的考察, 优化出最佳Nd掺杂量为SnSbNd=10062.5(摩尔比), 最佳热处理温度为550 ℃. 通过SEM, XRD和EDX等检测手段对制备的电极的表面形貌、晶体结构及元素组成进行了表征和分析, 结果证明, 适量Nd的掺杂使Ti/Sn-Sb电极的析氧电位明显提高, 达到1.72 V, 对阴离子表面活性剂的去除率达到97.4%, 使电极表面晶粒细化, 对基体覆盖较好. 掺杂过量会使SnO2晶格破坏, 使电极性能降低, 甚至低于未掺杂电极.     

钛基氧化物电极的性能及电化学行为

本文研究了某些氧化物中间层对Ti/PbO_2、Ti/MnO_2、Ti/Co_3O_4和Ti/CuCo_2O_4电极性能及电化学行为的影响。结果表明,Ti/MnO_2或Ti/PbO_2电极在加入Co_3O_4、PdO_x、SnO_2或Sb_2O_3中间层后,界面电阻大大降低。在低于出现电阻极化电流密度时,极化曲线符合Tafel规律(无论对于O_2或Cl_2,低极化区的Tafel斜率为厶b_1=2.303RT/(1+β)F;高极化区为b_2=2,303RT/βF,其中β=0.5)这时主要为电化学极化。对有中间层Sb_2O_3+PdO_x的Ti/PbO_2电极和具有中间层SnO_2+PdO_x的Ti/Co_3O_4电极,其阳极析Cl_2的反应活性与工业用的Ti/RuO_2+TiO_2电极相近,而氧的过电位则高于Ti/RuO_2+TiO_2电极。     

F-和Fe3+掺杂对Ti基PbO2阳极性能的影响

采用热分解-电镀法制备了Ti基PbO2,阳极(Ti/PbO2),F-掺杂PbO2阳极(Ti/F-PbO2),Fe3+掺杂PbO2阳极(TiP/Fe-PbO2)和F-,Fe3+共掺杂PbO2,阳极(Ti/F-Fe-PbO2).采用XRD和EDX测试对电极进行了表征,应用加速电解寿命测试和电催化降解4-氯苯酚(4-CP)污水,考察了F-掺杂,Fe3+掺杂和F-,Fe3+共掺杂对PbO2阳极稳定性及电催化活性的影响.结果表明,Ti/F-PbO2和Ti/FePbO2阳极有相近的电催化降解活性,但与Fe3+掺杂相比,F-掺杂大大提高了PbO2阳极的加速电解寿命.对Ti/F-Fe-PbO2阳极,Fe3+掺杂改善了其导电性能.同时F-掺杂提高了阳极的稳定性能,使其有较长的电解寿命.与Ti/PbO2,Ti/F-PbO2和Ti/Fe-PbO2阳极相比,Ti/F-Fe-PbO2阳极的电催化降解活性显著提高,这不仅与其导电性能的改善有关,更与F-掺杂和Fe3+掺杂对4-CP降解的表面协同作用有关.     

铈改性纳米Ti/SnO_2-Sb_2O_3电极的制备及催化性能

以SnCl_4·5H_2O,Sb_2O_3和Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ce改性Ti/SnO_2-Sb_2O_3电极。通过对Ce改性Ti/SnO_2-Sb_2O_3电极的析氧电位的测试及油田废水降解情况的考察,优化了稀土的掺杂量和热处理方法;分析了电极的电催化氧化能力。借助SEM,EDX和XRD等检测手段对所制备电极的表面形貌、元素组成、晶体结构进行了表征和分析。结果表明:最优掺杂比为Sn∶Sb∶Ce=100∶10∶2.5(摩尔比),最优热处理方法为方法二,此电极对目标有机物COD去除率达到91.2%,发现Ce的掺杂有利于电极催化性能的提高。     

苯酚在Ti/PbO2电极上的电氧化反应

利用线性伏安法和恒电流电解法研究了苯酚在Ti／PbO2电极上的电催化氧化反应,通过电氧化过程中反应物和中间物的高效液相色谱测定,研究了苯酚在Ti／PbO2电极上电催化氧化的反应机理．实验发现,Ti／PbO2电极对水溶液中苯酚的电氧化具有显著的催化作用,25℃时,对初始浓度为2mmol／L的苯酚水溶液,恒定电流密度为50mA／cm2,电解3h,苯酚转化率为98．02％,有机碳去除率为54．36％．苯酚在Ti／PbO2电极上电催化氧化要经过对苯二酚或邻苯二酚、对苯醌、反丁烯二酸和草酸,最终变成二氧化碳和水的历程．第一步反应苯酚转化的主产物是对苯二酚．对苯二酚转化为苯醌和苯醌转化为反丁烯二酸的反应为慢反应,反丁烯二酸转化为草酸的反应为快反应．     

Synthesis of chlorobis/β-diketonato/oxotechnetium/V/ and tris/β-diketonato/technetium/III/ complexes

Chlorobis/-diketonato/ oxotechnetium/V/ complexes [TcOCl/-dik/₂, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and dibenzoylmethane] were newly synthesized using macroamount of⁹⁹Tc. These complexes were further separated into geometrical isomers. Furthermore, an improvement of the yields for the syntheses of tris/-dike-tonato/technetium/III/ complexes [Tc/-dik/₃, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone] was examined using Tc/III/-thiourea complexes as a starting material.     

Solvent extraction separation of In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/ with sulphoxides

Solvent extraction studies have been made on some metals: In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/, from ammonium thiocyanate solutions by dialkyl sulphoxides. Separation of these metals from one another can be achieved by suitable choice of the extracted conditions. The nature of the extractable metal species has been elucidated.     

Separation of Tl/III/ from Tl/I/

A method for the separation of Tl/III/from Tl/I/ is reported employing 1-/2-pyridylazo/-2-naphthol /PAN/ and Rhodamine-B as extracting agents.     

An investigation of the promotional effect of propylene or propane traces on the activity of sulfatedPt/g-Al2O3andPt-Sn/g-Al2O3inCH4combustion

Summary A strong promoting effect of the presence of C₃H₈or C₃H₆was determined for the combustion of CH₄in excess oxygen, over pre-sulfated 1%Pt/g-Al₂O₃and pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/g-Al₂O₃catalysts.</o:p>     

LixZryOz三元化合物的制备及表征

采用高温固相法制备了4种高纯度晶相组成的LixZryOz三元化合物,研究了焙烧温度、时间、反应物的种类和初始反应物物质的量比对产物组成的影响,进一步用XRD、SEM及BET分析方法对产物的晶相结构、表面形貌及比表面积进行了表征.实验结果表明,Li2CO3与ZrO2在适当条件下可以合成得到单斜相Li3ZrO3;以LiOH替代Li2CO3,在适当条件下可以分别合成得到四方相Li2ZrO3和三斜/单斜相Li6Zr2O7;进一步以Zr(NO3)4·5H2O代替Zr02,可将单斜相Li6Zr2O7的制备时间由96 h缩短至24 h.SEM照片显示产物硬团聚明显,粒径分布在1～10μm间,BET分析表明样品比表面积处于1.0～9.0 m2·g-1间分布,反应过程中锂的过量以及长时间高温焙烧是引起产物粒径长大和产生硬团聚的主要原因.     

Analysis of nonvalent interactions in the crystals of conformational polymorphs of the composition CaHbNcOdSe by means of molecular voronoi-dirichlet polyhedra

Nonvalent interactions in crystals of compounds of the composition C _a H _b N _c O _d S _e that exhibit conformational polymorphism and have no fewer than four structurally characterized modifications are analyzed using molecular Voronoi-Dirichlet polyhedrals. A unique combination of the types of occurring intra- and intermolecular nonvalent contacts is shown to correspond to each conformational polymorph. Nonvalent interactions involving hydrogen atoms are found to occur most often in crystal structures, and least often those involving S, N, and O atoms.     

Crystal structure of Na3PO4 · 12H2O

The crystal structure of trisodium monophosphate hemihydrate was determined. The space group is $\text{C2}\text{c}$ and a unit cell contains eight formula units. The unit cell dimensions of $\text{Na}{}_3\text{PO}{}_4\text{·}\text{1}\text{2}\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ are a = 9.631(3), b = 5.416(2), c = 16.938(8) Å, β = 102.60(5)°. The final R value is 0.027 for a set of 1430 independent reflections. This atomic arrangement is mainly a three-dimensional network of distorted NaO₆ octahedra. The hydrogen bonding scheme is given.     

LixNi0.8-yCo0.2ZnyOp的合成及电化学性能研究

A series of single-phase Li_xNi_0.8-yCo_0.2Zn_yO_p(0.96 ≤x≤ 1.10， 0 ≤y≤ 0.05， 2 ≤p≤ 2(1+y) ) (different in the y values) were synthesized by a two-step solid state reaction method， in which LiOH·H₂O， Zn-doped spherical Ni(OH)₂ and Co₂O₃ were used as the precursors. The ICP-AES analyses proved that the Zn-doped compounds synthesized had the nonstoichiometric form. The results of the XRD， SEM identified that the uniform particles of the as-prepared materials having a good layered structure were fine， narrowly distributed and well crystallized. The electrochemical performance test was carried out and the results showed that the as-prepared Zn-doped materials had not only a high capacity， but also a better cycling stability characterization than the un-doped one. The Li_1.06Ni_0.75Co_0.22Zn_0.03O_2.03 material has an initial reversible capacity as high as 160.5mAh·g^-1; and a first discharge efficiency 89.2%， and exhibits satisfactory cyclic stability with 90% retainable capacity after 50 cycles.     

橙红色荧光粉Ca_(1-x-y)Sm_xBi_ySiO_3的制备及其发光性能

以Sm3+作为激活剂,Bi3+作为辅助激活剂,采用水热法合成Ca1-x-ySmxBiySi O3前驱体,然后在1 100℃焙烧得到系列橙红色荧光粉。用X-射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和荧光分光光度计和傅里叶变换红外光谱等手段对样品的组成、结构和形貌及其发光性质进行分析和表征。分析结果表明:产物都为三斜晶系结构的Ca1-x-ySmxBiySi O3和四方结构的方石英Si O2共熔体。在405 nm近紫外光激发下,产物的发射光谱由3个峰组成,发射峰值位于566、606和650 nm处,分别归属于Sm3+的4G5/2→6HJ/2(J=5,7,9)跃迁。产物的激发光谱在405 nm有很强的发射带,与近紫外LED芯片匹配。随着Sm3+掺量的增加,样品发光强度先增强后减弱,当Sm3+的物质的量分数为3%时发光强度达到最大,浓度猝灭机理为电偶极-电偶极相互作用。当Bi3+的物质的量分数在0.3%~1.5%时,对产物Ca0.97Sm0.03Si O3的荧光强度起敏化作用。Sm3+和Bi3+的最佳物质的量分数分别为3%和0.5%。     

Zr1-xMxWMoO8-x/2和Zr1-xMxW2O8-x/2固溶体的晶胞参数与晶格畸变的关系

合成了Zr1-xMxWMoO8-x/2(M=Er,Tm,Yb,Sc,In,Ga,Al)和Zr1-xMxW2O8-x/2(M=Eu,Er,Yb,Sc,In,Ga,Al)2个系列的固溶体,前者具有β-ZrW2O8结构类型(简称β相);后者具有α-ZrW2O8结构类型(简称α相)。建立了相和相的晶胞参数与M3+离子浓度的Vegard方程,测定了上述固溶体的固溶度。讨论了M3+离子的化学性质与Vegard斜率SV的关系。分析了α相的SαA与β相的SβA的关系;揭示了α-Zr1-xMxW2O8-x/2晶格中2[WO4]四面体对的取向有序程度对晶格畸变的贡献。提出上述固溶体的晶胞参数随溶质浓度增加而减小,主要是由于氧空位缺陷相互作用的结果。