固体表面室温烯光法测定淫羊藿甙

1引言 淫羊藿甙(cariin)为中草药淫羊藿的主要有效成分,有增加冠脉血流量的作用.淫羊甙的测定方法有薄层扫描法,高效液相色谱法等.固体表面室温燐光法是一种微量技术与痕量分析相结合的分析方法,而淫羊藿甙的室温燐光法的研究未见文献报道.本文以cd(c)2为重原子微扰剂,以聚酰胺膜作基质时,能诱导出淫羊藿甙的RTP发射.其激发波长为300nm(弱峰)和400nm(强峰),发射波长为500nm.淫羊藿甙含量在1.35～675ng/斑范围内与RTP强度呈良好的线性关系,检出限达0.06ng/斑.该法具有操作简便,灵敏度高,线性范围宽,取样量少的特点.     

芦丁、丹皮酚固体表面延迟荧光分析法

建立了以滤纸为基质的中草药有效成分芦丁、丹皮酚的固体表面延迟荧光分析法（roomtemperaturedelayedfluorimetry,RTDF）。对影响延迟荧光强度的各种因素进行了详细的研究,实验表明,芦丁的线性范围为5×10~(－6)~1×10~(-4)mol/L,检出限为0．52ng／斑,丹皮酚的线性范围为1×10~(－6)~1×10~(-3)mol/L,检出限为0．08ng/斑。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定犬血浆中利培酮和帕潘立酮及药代动力学研究

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定犬血浆中利培酮和帕潘立酮的浓度.血浆样品用乙腈沉淀蛋白后,用Zorbax SB-C18柱分离,以乙腈-10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(65∶35,V/V)为流动相,在电喷雾离子源正离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)方式进行检测.利培酮、帕潘立酮分别在0.05～30.0 ng/mL和0.10～30.0 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(r2＞0.99),定量限分别为0.05 ng/mL和0.10 ng/mL,回收率分别为91.2％～95.1％和93.1％～97.5％.该方法精密、准确、快速,适用于临床血药浓度的监测及利培酮缓释微球药动学的研究.     

带活性末端的热敏高分子的制备及其在荧光免疫分析中的应用

合成了带有活性末端的寡聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(ONIPAAm),并考察了其温度敏感性质.以ONI-PAAm作为免疫分析的载体与鼠IgG偶联,以四磺基铁酞菁为标记物,以羊抗鼠IgG抗体为分析模型,建立了竞争型热敏相分离荧光免疫分析新系统.羊抗鼠IgG抗体在0～1500ng/mL范围内与体系相对荧光强度呈良好的线性关系,检测限为2ng/mL.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定化妆品中50种非法添加药物

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定化妆品中50种非法添加化学药物定性筛查及定量分析方法.不同基质样品经乙腈溶液(含0.5%甲酸)提取后,冷冻离心,上清液采用2 mg/L乙二胺四乙酸二钠水溶液定容,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,经CAPCELL CORE C18色谱柱梯度洗脱分离.采用电喷雾电离(ESI),以多重反应监测(MRM)模式进行正负离子检测.所测50种化学药物在10~100 ng/mL范围内呈现良好的线性关系(r值均大于0.991 0),精密度、重复性良好,平均回收率在87.2%~109.7%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)不超过10.0%,方法检出限为0.05~33 ng/g,定量限为0.15~99 ng/g.方法简便、灵敏度高、重复性好,可以实现化妆品中50种非法添加化学药物快速、准确的定性筛查和定量测定.     

盐析效应结合顶空气相色谱质谱法测定香精香料中甲醇含量

利用盐析效应结合顶空-气相色谱/质谱联用仪,建立了一种快速、准确检测香精香料中甲醇含量的方法.方法以5 mol/L NaCl溶液为顶空基质校正剂,试验得线性范围为0.8~200 ng/mL(r~2=0.999 9,n=6),检出限为0.25ng/mL,定量限为0.84 ng/mL,日内精密度1.8%,日间精密度4.2%,样品加标回收率为96.51%~114.98%.测得随机抽取的10个含有香精香料样品中甲醇的质量浓度在0.0~8.4 ng/mL之间.方法无需前处理,灵敏度高,选择性好,定性准确,适用于香精香料中甲醇含量的测定.     

高效液相色谱法测定羊体内的丙硫咪唑缓释弹代谢产物的血药浓度

用反相高效液相色谱法追踪分析不同时间内羊血清中药物浓度的变化,以供药物代谢动力学研究.药物为丙硫咪唑砜和丙硫咪唑亚砜(简称砜和亚砜),实验条件为ODS柱,流动相甲醇:水=7:3(v/v),紫外检测波长为290nm.在3h左右测定浓度达峰值,其最高浓度分别为4.01μg/mL和11.47μg/mL,五天左右下降为2.73μg/mL和1.32μg/mL附近.最小检出量为0.4ng/mL及0.7ng/mL.线性关系良好.丙硫咪唑砜和亚砜的回归相关系数分别为0.9994和0.9991.采用内标法测定回收率,平均为     

纳米固相微萃取应用于干红辣椒、水果饮料及红酒中罗丹明B的定量分析

制备了一种新型的聚苯乙烯纳米纤维, 将其作为固相萃取吸附剂装填制成固相萃取柱, 与高效液相色谱联用建立了干辣椒、 水果饮料及红酒中罗丹明B的定量分析方法. 高效液相色谱以3 g/L磷酸缓冲液-甲醇混合溶液(体积比3∶7, pH=7.0)为流动相. 通过对提取条件的优化, 得到该方法对干辣椒中罗丹明B的检出限为0.1 ng/g, 最低定量限为0.6 ng/g; 对水果饮料和红酒中罗丹明B的检出限均为0.2 ng/mL, 最低定量限均为0.5 ng/mL. 此方法对干辣椒中罗丹明B的提取回收率为98.2%~110.3%; 对水果饮料中罗丹明B的提取回收率为94.6%~102.2%; 对红酒中罗丹明B的提取回收率为90.4%~104.6%. 该方法的线性范围为1~100 ng/mL(ng/g), 相对标准偏差为2.3%~9.0%. 该方法灵敏度高、 选择性好, 可用于干辣椒、 水果饮料及红酒中罗丹明B的定量分析.     

固相萃取-超高压液相色谱-串联质谱同时分析环境水样中四环素类和喹诺酮类抗生素

应用固相萃取及超高压液相色谱-质谱联用技术,建立了环境水样中4种四环素类和6种喹诺酮类抗生素的同时分析方法。样品经HLB固相萃取柱富集、净化后用甲醇洗脱,以超高压液相色谱-串联质谱仪多反应监测(MRM)离子模式定性、定量分析。以河水和海水为基质,卡巴氧为替代物进行回收率评价,4种四环素类抗生素在加标质量浓度分别为20.0 ng/L和100.0 ng/L时的回收率为94.0%～117.0%,相对标准偏差为2.0%～9.7%(n=4),方法的检出限均为20.0 ng/L;6种喹诺酮类抗生素在加标质量浓度分别为5.0 ng/L和20.0 ng/L时的回收率为63.6%～93.9%,相对标准偏差为1.6%～8.1%(n=4),方法的检出限为0.4 ng/L。结果表明,所建立的方法可成功地应用于近岸海域表层环境水样中目标抗生素残留的分析。     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定环境水中的苯胺和苯酚

建立了用高效液相色谱荧光检测法同时测定环境水中苯胺和苯酚的分析方法。色谱柱为EclipseXDB C8(4.6mmi.d.×150mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇 磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1mol/L磷酸二氢钾 0 1mol/L磷酸氢二钠,pH6.87)V(甲醇)∶V(磷酸盐缓冲液)=50∶50,流速1 0mL/min,柱温25℃,检测波长0minλex/λem=230/340nm(测定苯胺),3.5minλex/λem=215/300nm(测定苯酚)。测定苯胺的线性范围0.2～120ng,r=0.9999,检出限0.01ng;测定苯酚的线性范围0.4～500ng,r=0.9998,检出限0.02ng,回收率98.1%～101.2%。该方法已用于对环境水中苯胺和苯酚的测定。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。