亚波长金属光栅的表面等离子体激元共振特性

亚波长金属光栅在共振波长处有光场局域增强、异常透射等现象,为深入认识其共振机制,本文研究了亚波长金属光栅的表面等离子体激元(SPP)共振特性。通过研究不同金属光栅的几何结构以及金属介电常数对SPP共振波长的影响,获得了3种共振波长的基本物理机制。采用周期边界元法进行数值模拟,在边界积分方程的基础上结合平面波展开方法来处理任意形状的周期性结构。模拟结果表明,3种共振波长可以分别由金属的材料、金属光栅周期和金属光栅厚度所调谐。该研究为微纳米光学器件的设计提供了依据。     

亚波长金属光栅的衍射辐射特性研究

分析了亚波长金属光栅的双边衍射辐射机制和特性.利用运动电子激励亚波长光栅结构,研究了其产生的双边衍射辐射.通过三维粒子模拟软件仿真,得到了光栅上下空间的电场空间分布,结合结构辐射布里渊图,证明了亚波长对称光栅上下半空间的衍射辐射场分布同样可以由Smith-Purcell辐射公式来解释,即主要有电子运动速度和光栅周期决定,并分别研究了缝隙宽度、光栅厚度对上下半空间衍射辐射的影响.为进一步研究下半空间的衍射辐射场,采用了非对称的光栅结构,研究表明非对称光栅下半空间衍射辐射场不仅取决于电子运动速度和结构下表面的周期,同时也与电子运动激励起的上半空间的辐射频率范围密切相关.     

TE0导模干涉刻写周期可调亚波长光栅理论研究

通过棱镜耦合激发非对称金属包覆介质波导结构中的TE₀导波模式, 利用两束TE₀模的干涉从理论上实现了周期可调的亚波长光栅刻写. 分析了TE₀模式的色散关系, 刻写亚波长光栅的周期与激发光源、棱镜折射率、光刻胶薄膜厚度及折射率之间的关系. 用有限元方法数值模拟了金属薄膜、光刻胶薄膜和空气多层结构中TE₀导模的干涉场分布. 研究发现, 激发光源波长越短, TE₀ 模干涉刻写的亚波长光栅周期越小; 光刻胶越厚, 刻写的亚波长光栅周期越小; 高折射率光刻胶有利于更小周期亚波长光栅的刻写. 相较于表面等离子体干涉光刻, 基于TE₀ 模的干涉可在厚光刻胶条件下通过改变激发光源、棱镜折射率、光刻胶材料折射率、特别是光刻胶薄膜的厚度等多种方式实现对亚波长光栅周期的有效调控.     

一维金属光栅的光学反射吸收

利用RCWA(rigid coupled-wave analysis)方法研究了一维金属光栅的反射特性,考察了 瑞利反常、表面等离激元驻波共振和几何共振三种共振吸收机理,分析了这三种机理的相互作用,如表面等离激元驻波共振和几何共振可以形成混合模式. 在反射式复合金属光栅中,确认了第四种共振形式,即相位共振. 数值计算表明相位共振对光学吸收的影响有两种形式: 当光栅周期大于一个波长时,相位共振导致尖锐的吸收峰,峰位在几何共振吸收峰一侧;当光栅周期小于一个波长时,相位共振导致混合模式的共振吸收峰发生劈裂. 对一维金属光栅反射特性的研究增加了对金属光栅共振吸收模式及其相互作用的认识. 关键词： 一维金属光栅 瑞利反常 表面等离激元 相位共振     

双层交叉叠合式共振亚波长光栅

提出了一种防伪光栅结构-双层交叉叠合式共振亚波长光栅,其特点是可以展宽共振亚波长光栅的共振波长宽度,使得当将其应用于防伪时能得到更佳的光变效果。分析了半峰全宽展宽的原理,指出共振宽度值的大小依赖于耦合到光栅波导层内一级衍射光的能量。优化设计了此种光栅的结构参量。用矢量衍射理论对该结构的共振特性和制作工艺误差进行了研究。研究表明：这种防伪光栅的共振光谱峰值并不随着入射角的改变而降低,共振半峰全宽最大值约为同等条件下基本共振光栅结构的7倍,该结构的共振性能对光栅制作误差不是很敏感,是一种应用价值较高的防伪光栅结构。     

亚波长金属光栅结构的制备与矢量衍射理论分析

利用纳米压印结合溅射和反应离子刻蚀工艺制备了周期为1μm、占空比为0.2的亚波长金属光栅,利用紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪测量了光栅的0级反射光谱。在严格耦合波分析的基础上,把光栅区域电磁场的空间谐波通过勒让德多项式展开,使用多项式展开的谱分析法求解常微分方程,计算了该亚波长金属光栅的反射光谱及磁场分布。实验测量结果同矢量衍射理论计算结果都显示,该光栅在近红外、中红外波段具有表面等离子体共振现象。数值计算结果还表明,对于此类亚波长金属光栅,当光栅的深宽比增加时,其反射光谱中会出现更多的反射谷。     

超表面上表面等离激元波的光栅衍射行为研究

本文利用严格数值仿真研究了550~700 nm波段的可见光通过金属光栅耦合方式激发的表面等离激元(SPP)波在金属表面的光栅衍射行为与现象。研究结果表明:SPP波在金属表面的衍射行为与自由空间光相比有极大不同,由于SPP波的近场属性,经金属光栅衍射后在近场可表现出明显的光栅分光现象,但经过一段传输距离后则分光现象消失而表现为不同级次的光合为同一束光;在近场衍射情况下,其情况与自由空间光衍射行为类似,对SPP亚波长金属光栅来说同样只有零级透射光;而当金属光栅周期大于SPP波长时,高级衍射级次则开始出现。研究结果对下一步在金属表面上实现微米级片光谱仪器具有重要借鉴意义。     

InSb光栅耦合的太赫兹表面等离激元共振传感方法

仿真设计了一种光栅耦合型太赫兹(THz)表面等离激元(SPP)共振生化传感结构,该结构通过在锑化铟(InSb)基底表面刻蚀亚毫米光栅形成.基于波矢匹配方程的仿真结果表明,当TM偏振的THz平行波束以30°入射角照射到光栅区间时,光栅的-1和+1级THz衍射波束能够分别激励传播方向相反的低频SPP和高频SPP.由于采用商业THz时域谱装置可以准确测量低频SPP,本文系统地分析了低频SPP的共振和传感特性对光栅结构参数的依赖关系.仿真结果表明:InSb光栅耦合的THz-SPP共振传感芯片的折射率灵敏度随光栅周期的增大而减小;当光栅周期为120μm、入射角为30°时,折射率灵敏度为1.05 THz/RIU,在此条件下,传感芯片不能对生物分子单分子吸附层作出可探测的响应,究其原因是,低频SPP的消逝场穿透深度远大于生物分子尺寸,致使两者相互作用不足.为了探测生物分子,仿真分析了多孔薄膜覆盖InSb光栅的增敏方法.多孔薄膜具有分子富集作用,能够将THz表面波与生物靶标的相互作用从单分子尺度扩展至整个薄膜厚度,从而提高传感器的生物检测灵敏度.以酪氨酸吸附为例的仿真结果表明,当InSb光栅表面覆盖厚...     

基于导模共振效应三基色窄带滤光片的研究

为获得性能优良的三基色窄带滤光片,提出了一种基于减反射薄膜波导光栅结构的导模共振滤光片.该滤光片由亚波长光栅结构、波导层和基底组成.采用严格耦合波理论分析了亚波长光栅结构和波导层厚度对导模共振滤光片反射光谱性能的影响.数值分析表明λ/4-λ/2-λ/4结构能有效提高导模共振滤光片的性能.当光栅结构位于基底侧时,红绿蓝三...     

基于RCWA的太阳能电池抗反射膜分析研究

利用严格耦合波分析法（RCWA）分别计算了五种不同形貌的亚波长浮雕结构的太阳能电池抗反射膜性能,分别从占空比、光栅高度和周期等结构参数以及入射光角度进行模拟。研究结果表明：周期为200rim,高度为400nm,占空比为1的金字塔型浮雕结构的抗反射效果令人满意,且平均反射率低于1％;光波的入射角对光栅的反射率影响较大,光波在光栅法线的角度控制在40°以下合适。通过对亚波长浮雕结构的反射特性模拟和分析,为太阳能电池抗反射膜设计与制作提供理论支持。     

Transmission resonances of metallic compound gratings with subwavelength slits

Transmission metallic gratings with subwavelength slits are known to produce enhanced transmitted intensity for certain resonant wavelengths. One of the mechanisms that produce these resonances is the excitation of waveguide modes inside the slits. We show that by adding slits to the period, the transmission maxima are widened and, simultaneously, this generates phase resonances that appear as sharp dips in the transmission response. These resonances are characterized by a significant enhancement of the interior field.     

Scattering properties of an individual metallic nano-spheroid by the incident polarized light wave

The scattering properties of a metallic nano-spheroid under the illumination of different polarized light waves are investigated using 3D boundary element method. The influences of different geometrical sizes of the nano-spheroid and incident directions of the illuminating light wave on the scattering spectrum are studied for different incident polarized light waves. The results show that the metallic nano-spheroid has two intrinsic resonant modes, corresponding to different polarization states and resonant wavelengths. The scattering enhancement, the resonant wavelength, and the location of the enhanced optical field are strongly dependent on the polarization properties of the illuminating light waves, and they can be modulated by appropriately choosing the polarization directions of the incident light wave.     

金属玻璃的热塑性成型

金属玻璃在其过冷液相区内表现出随着温度升高黏度逐渐降低的特性,因此可以对其进行热塑性加工.该性质颠覆了传统金属的加工成型方式,使得其在远低于传统金属材料加工的温度和应力作用下可以按照人们的要求进行成型.因此,一些具有低玻璃转变温度的金属玻璃又被称作金属塑料.另外,由于金属玻璃是一种无序结构材料,不存在位错、晶界等晶体缺陷,且热膨胀系数小,在热塑性成型中具有优异的尺寸精度,因此被认为是理想的微成型材料,有广阔的应用前景.本文系统介绍了金属玻璃的热塑性成型性质及其应用,从热塑性成型的基本概念出发,阐述了金属玻璃热塑性成型能力的评估指标、热塑性成型技术、热塑性微成型及其理论、热塑性微成型的应用等,对认识金属玻璃的热塑性及扩展其应用有重要的意义.     

Arc-induced long-period gratings in aluminosilicate glass fibers

Permanent long-period gratings were written using arc discharges in two aluminosilicate fibers, one of which was doped with erbium. Reversible gratings were also mechanically induced in both fibers. The thermal behavior of the arc-induced gratings was investigated at up to 1100 degrees C. It was found that the shift of the resonant wavelengths exhibited a well-defined linear dependence on temperature up to 700 degrees C.     

Investigation of a multiwavelength raman fiber laser based on few-mode fiber Bragg gratings

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple multiwavelength Raman fiber laser based on few-mode fiber Bragg gratings without additional multichannel filters. The multiwavelength Raman laser output has a high extinction ratio of more than 45 dB. The multiwavelength output is so stable that the peak power fluctuation is less than 0.5 dB. The number of lasing wavelengths can be adjusted, corresponding to the properties of few-mode Bragg gratings with multiple resonant wavelengths. By the thermal tuning method, the lasing wavelength of each channel can be effectively controlled, and the laser's tunability is measured to be 10.5 pm/ degrees C.     

Demonstration of polarization-independent resonant subwavelength grating filter arrays

We demonstrate a two-dimensional (2D) polarization-independent resonant subwavelength grating (RSG) in a filter array. RSGs, also called guided mode resonant filters, are traditionally one-dimensional gratings; however, this leads to TE and TM resonances at different wavelengths and with different spectral shape. A 2D grating can remove the polarization dependence at normal incidence, while maintaining the desirable RSG properties of high reflectivity, narrow passband, and low sidebands without ripple. We designed and fabricated 2D gratings with near-identical responses for both polarizations at normal incidence in the telecommunication band. Ninety percent reflectivity is achieved at the resonant wavelengths.     

Numerical analysis of a dual-wave band guided-mode resonance filter with embedded bilayer asymmetric metallic gratings

In this paper, a novel guided-mode resonances (GMRs) based embedded dual-wavelength filter, which had the bilayer gratings located at the two sides of dielectric substrate and arranged at asymmetric position, was investigated and studied theoretically. As compared to symmetric structures that usually provided single wavelength of transmission resonance, as one normal incidence was used for transverse magnetic polarized light, the designed asymmetric structure could generate two remarkable narrow band wavelengths of transmission resonance. The parameters to affect the resonance wavelengths and the transmission resonance Q value (Q = λ/Δλ) of two bands were the distance between the two metallic gratings, the relatively lateral positions of the upper and lower gratings, the number of structure period, the thicknesses of metallic gratings, and the thickness of dielectric film. By optimizing the designed parameters, a GMR device with two resonance wavelengths located at 1239 and 1302 nm showed relative optimal performance because they had high transmission depth (99.9% and 90%) and ultra-narrow transmission bandwidth (2.8 and 1.8 nm) at the two resonance wavelengths. The presented structure can offer a potential route towards dual-band narrow-band filters and refractive index sensors in the near infrared.     

长周期光纤光栅谐振波长的特性研究

研究了长周期光纤光栅谐振波长与光纤参数及光栅周期的变化关系,发现高阶包层模与低阶包层模具有完全不同的特点,在各种参数变化时两者的谐振波长向相反的方向移动。通过实际制作周期分别为１００μｍ和４００μｍ的光栅证实了这种差别。得到了一些有益于长周期光栅设计和制作和结论。     

Highly sensitive cladding-etched arc-induced long-period fiber gratings for refractive index sensing

We have investigated the effects of cladding etching in arc-induced long-period fiber gratings. Comparing the position of the resonant wavelengths at each diameter with the corresponding theoretical dispersion curves of effective refractive index, it is found that some of the resonances show a better match with anti-symmetrical cladding modes, while others with symmetrical cladding modes. Etching the cladding diameter to ∼39 μm, results in coupling to a high-order cladding mode that is very sensitive to changes in the ambient refractive index. The resonant peak shifts remarkably (∼230 nm) toward shorter wavelengths as the external refractive index increases. This sensitivity is higher than any previously reported in arc-induced long-period fiber gratings.