微量热法研究单底物酶促反应的产物抑制作用

本文建立了有产物抑制的单底物酶促反应动力学的对比进度方程和热力学的数学模型。根据此模型, 可由反应的热谱曲线方便地解析出动力学参数(K~m, K~i和V~m)和摩尔反应焓(△~rH~m), 并同时确定产物的抑制类型。用微量热法研究了精氨酸酶催化水解L-精氨酸的热动力学, 确定水解产物L-鸟氨酸属于竞争性可逆抑制剂, 298.15K和pH 9.4时L-鸟氨酸与精氨酸酶作用的抑制常数K~i=1.22×10^-^3mol·L^-^1。实验结果验证了本文有产物抑制的单底物酶促反应热动力学研究法的正确性。     

微量量热法研究肌动蛋白的聚合及顺铂的影响

肌动蛋白（actin）是细胞微丝系统的结构蛋白·单体G一肌动蛋白与聚合产物F一肌动蛋白间的相互转变与细胞的运动、形态和信息传递相关＊．实际上，微丝系统处在一个动态平衡状态．即G和F不断相互转换以适应细胞功能要求．在外源性物质影响下，这个动态平衡可能被影响而产生相应的药理、毒理作用．罗世荣等问报导在荧光显微镜下观察到，顺铂（抗癌药）及其类似物会诱导微丝的重组和解聚．但机理有待研究·目前虽然有许多方法被用来研究肌动蛋白的聚合过程问，但对聚合全过程的确切描述尚无充分的实验数据，对聚合热动力学过程的研究至今尚…     

Action of the Selenomorpholine Compounds on the Bacterium Growth by Microcalorimetry

The action of β-(N-selenomorpholine) ethyl phenyl ketone hydrochloride and 4-(N-selenomorpholine)-2-butanone hydro-chloride on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was studied by microcalorimetry,Differences in their capacities to affect the metabolism of this bacterium were observed.The kinetics shows that the selenomorpholine compounds had action on the metabolism process of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.The rate constant (k) of the studied bacterium in the presence of the drugs are concentration-dependant.The growth rate constants decrease with an increase in the mass of the selenomorpholine compounds ,but their relationship is different.As deduced from the rate constant(k) of the studied bacterium(in log phase )and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50),the experimental results reveal that the studied selenomorpholine compounds all have good antibiotic activity and better antibacterial activity on Staphylcoccus aureus than on Escherichia coli.     

微量热法研究PCMB对精氨酸酶的抑制作用

利用微量热法研究了对－氯汞苯甲酸（ＰＣＭＢ）对精氨酸的酶促水解反应的抑制作用，确定它于竞争性不可逆抑制剂，在２９８．１５Ｋ和ＰＨ为９．４时ＰＣＭＢ与精氨酸酶作用的二级速度常数ｋ＋０＝９２．１７Ｌ／（ｍｏｌ．ｓ）。同时用ＰＣＭＢ作为修饰剂探讨了精氨酸酶的活性中心性质，推测该水解酶至多含有３个与酶活性有关的半胱氨酸残基，但主些残基不属于精氨酸酶的活性中心。     

Microcalorimetry studies on the antimicrobial actions of volatile oil of dry ginger

The rate of heat output is one of the suitable measurements of metabolic activity of the organism. In this article, microcalorimetry was first applied to study the effect of volatile oil of dry ginger (ginger oil) on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus growth. The power–time curves were plotted with a TAM air isothermal microcalorimeter. The parameters such as the growth rate constant μ, the peak-time T _p, inhibitory ratio I, and half-inhibitory concentration IC₅₀ were calculated. From the data, the relationships between μ and the concentration of ginger oil c were established. The results revealed that the μ of E. coli and S. aureus both gradually declined with the increase of the c, there were linear relationships between μ and c, and ginger oil had stronger inhibitory effect on S. aureus than on E. coli. Results obtained from our study strongly suggest that microcalorimetry is an ideal method to investigate the effect of drug on microorganism.     

微量热法研究过氧化氢酶反应

利用微量热法和热动力学方程研究了过氢化氢酶反应.该反应遵循Michaelis-Menten动力学,298.15K和pH7.0时,其米氏常数、酶转换数以及摩尔反应焓分别为2.36×10^-2mol/L、1.20×10⁴s^-1和-83.67kJ·mol^-1.过氧化氢酶反应后期对底物是一级反应,其总反应速度常数和一级速度常数分别为k_o=6.31×10⁵L·mol^-1·s^-1和k₁=6.31×10⁵/[E_o]s^-1.该反应服从Ogura机理,其酶-底物三元复合物的分解速度常数为6.00×10³s^-1.     

The Action of the Selenomorpholine Compounds on Escherichia coli Growth by Microcalorimetry

The action of three kinds of the selenomorpholine compounds on a strain ofEscherichia coli was studied by microcalorimetry. Differences in their capacities to affect the metabolism of this bacterium were observed. The extent and duration of the effect on the metabolism as judged from the rate constant (k) of Escherichia coli (in log phase) varied with the different drugs. The kinetics show that selenomorpholine compounds had an effect on the metabolism process of Escherichia coli. The k of Escherichia coli in the presence of the drugs increased with the increasing concentrations of the drugs (C) at low concentration; but at high concentration, the rate constant decreased with the increasing concentrations of the drugs. The experimental results reveal that the sequence of antibiotic activity of selenomorpholines is: N-selenomorpholinemethyl succinimide and its hydrochloride>N-(α-selenomorpholinebenzyl) succinimide. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

用微量热法研究漆酶和3,4—二羟基苯甲醛的反应

用微量热法研究漆酶和３，４－二羟基苯甲醛的反应望天志＊吴鼎泉万洪文＊＊屈松生（武汉大学化学系，武汉４３００７２，＊＊华中师范大学化学系武汉）关键词漆树漆酶，微量热法，３，４－二羟基苯甲醛１９９６－０８－０８收稿，１９９６－１０－１７修回国家自然科学基...     

An Enthalpic Analysis on the Aggregation of Colloidal Particles Studied by Microcalorimetry

There are different theories concerning the stability of colloidal suspensions. Most of them arise from the well-known DLVO theory which relates colloidal stability to intermolecular forces between particles. Experimental corroboration of these theories has been obtained mainly by using different optical techniques that analyze changes in the optical properties of the solution while particles aggregate. However, no attention has been paid to studying the aggregation process thermodynamically. This is why we have focussed on studying the heat released during the agglutination of polystyrene particles. The enthalpy change in this aggregation process was detected by using a highly sensitive and modern technique called isothermal titration calorimetry. In addition, some results about repeptization, that is, reversibility in the aggregation process, are also shown. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

Study of the influence of different forest species on the microbial activity in soils

Microcalorimetry was used to study the seasonal evolution over one year of the microbial activity in a humic-eutrophic Cambisol soil as a function of its forest cover. The study was carried out on three soils with identical origin but covered with different forest species: pine, eucalyptus, and a typical Atlantic-humid riverside forest. Some other physical, chemical and biological properties and environmental parameters, mainly humidity and environmental temperature, were considered to analyze their influence on soil microbial activity. The study was performed using a microcalorimeter Thermal Analysis Monitor 2277 in which the experiments were carried out with 1 g soil samples treated with 1.25 mg glucose g^–1 soil. From the measured results it follows that pine forest soil is the least productive of the three, as it generates an average heat of 2.7 vs. 5.9 J g^–1 generated by the eucalyptus forest soil and 3.1 J g^–1 generated by the riverside forest soil. These results are dependent on the remaining physical, chemical and biological features analysed and because of this, pine forest soil, with a pH value 3.3 in spring, shows a small capacity to maintain a stable microbial population which is the lowest of the three (0.079·10⁸ to 0.46·10⁸ microorganisms g^–1 soil) while riverside soil microbial population is in the range from 7.9·10⁸ to 17·10⁸ microorganisms g^–1 soil.     

Microcalorimetry of oxygen adsorption on fcc Co{110}

The coverage dependent heats of adsorption and sticking probabilities for oxygen on fcc Co{110} have been measured at 300 K using single crystal adsorption calorimetry (SCAC). Initial adsorption is consistent with dissociative chemisorption at low coverage followed by oxide formation above 0.6 ML coverage. The initial heat of adsorption of 633 kJ mol(-1) is similar to heat values calorimetrically measured on other ferromagnetic metal surfaces, such as nickel and iron. As the coverage increases, the heat of adsorption and sticking probability drop very rapidly up to the onset of oxidation. As already observed for other oxygen-metal surface systems, strong lateral adatom repulsions are responsible for the transition from the chemisorption regime to oxide film formation at higher coverage. The heat of oxide formation at the onset is 475 kJ mol(-1), which is consistent with the formation of CoO crystallites. The oxide film formation is discussed in terms of nucleation and island growth, and the Mott-Cabrera mechanisms, the latter being evidenced by the relatively constant heat of adsorption and sticking probability in contrast to the nickel and iron oxidation cases.     

微量热法研究漆酶和3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸的反应

用LKB－2107型微量热系统,在不同的温度(pH＝7.4)条件下,测定了3,4,5－三羟基苯甲酸与漆酶反应的摩尔反应烙、米氏常数、反应速率常数、漆酶的活性并计算了结合能、活化自由能、活化能和活化烟等.在此基础上,应用过渡态理论,从能量变化的角度,对其催化过程进行了分析.由活化摘(△S_≠^T＜0)得出酶－底物过渡态的结构较酶－底物复合物更为有序的结论.     

Current state of the study of microbial lipases

This review gives a comparative analysis of information accumulated over the past 15 years on the isolation, purification, properties, and use of lipases of microbial origin.Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 150–169, March–April, 1997.     

线粒体和亚线粒体体外代谢及漆酶影响的微量热研究

首次将微量热用于亚细胞层次的研究，测定了鲤鱼肝脏线粒体和亚线粒体代谢的热谱及其漆树漆酶的影响，并用ＭＴＤ方程和演化计算技术对它们的代谢热动力学参数进行了全局优化。     

微量热法研究氰化物对鲤鱼肝线粒体代谢的影响

A microcalorimetric technique based on the metabolic heat-output was explored to evaluate the inhibition of cyanide on the mitochondrial metabolism of aquatic animal, Cyprinus carpio. The power-time curves could be divided into four parts： lag phase, active recovery phase, stationary phase, and decline phase, and the corresponding thermokinetic parameters were obtained. The maximum heat production rate Pmax decreased in a linear manner with the increase of concentration of cyanide, however, such mitochondria of aquatic animal were still metabolized actively even under the action of high concentration of cyanide. All the observations suggested that the mitochondria of this aquatic animal should exhibit considerable ability of cyanide-resistant respiration.     

Study of the Influence of Different Diphenol Compounds on Soil Microbial Activity by Microcalorimetry

Microcalorimetry was applied to follow the toxic effects caused by different diphenol compounds on microbial activity of Chinese fir soil. The activity of the microorganisms in soil was stimulated by adding 0.3 mL of a nutrient solution containing 2.5 mg of glucose and 2.5 mg of ammonium sulfate and the measurements were performed under a 35% controlled humidity at 28°C. Power‐time curves recorded on a microcalorimeter were followed by increasing the amount of diphenol compounds, which affected directly the total thermal effects evolved by the microorganisms. The curves showed a synergism on total thermal effect obtained by the addition of 2000 mg·kg^?1 of resorcinol, causing a consumption of resorcinol by the microorganisms as a new source of nutrients. Above this dose, the total thermal effect decreased exponentially. However, the addition of catechol and hydroquinone caused the total thermal effects to decrease directly. It was concluded that the increase in the diphenol concentration strongly affected the microbial life in this ecosystem. Microcalorimetry appears as a suitable technique to carry out both qualitative and quantitative comparative studies of microbial activity in soil.     

Effect of Lead Contamination on Soil Microbial Activity Measured by Microcalorimetry

Microcalorimetry was used to investigate the microbial activity in three types of soil (orchard soil, crop soil, forest soil) in Wuhan, China, and to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of lead (Pb²⁺) on soil microbial activity. The experimental results revealed that due to different physical and chemical characteristics of the soils, soil microbial activity in three soil samples were in a descending sequence: orchards soil, crops soil, forest soil. Six levels of Pb viz. 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 μg·g⁻¹ were applied in these soils, and the results showed that an increase of the amount of Pb²⁺ is associated with a decrease in microbial activity in the soils due to the toxic effect of Pb²⁺. In order to gain further insight of the sequential change of microorganisms, determination of colony forming units (CFU) was performed to provide a negative linear correlation between the heat effect and the respective number of microorganisms in the system.     

用微量热法研究左金丸及类方药的药性差异

采用微量热法测定了大肠杆菌在左金丸、甘露散、茱萸丸和反左金丸水煮液作用下的生长热谱曲线,获得相应的生物热动力学参数,经主成份分析并结合本草文献报道,综合分析左金丸及类方的药性差异,以从生物物理和生物化学的角度,探讨中医经典类方药性差异的客观真实性.实验发现,左金丸及类方的水煮液对大肠杆菌的生长代谢表现出不同的活性作用.寒凉药方左金丸和甘露散不同程度的抑制细菌的生长代谢.温热药方反左金丸和茱萸丸对细菌的生长代谢有不同程度的促进作用.类方之间存在较稳定的药性差异.类方药性主要受生物热动力学参数:第二指数生长期的生长速率常数k2和最大发热功率Pm2的影响.     

四物汤及其单味药振荡反应的微量量热法研究

采用微量量热法对四物汤及其单味药振荡体系进行了研究, 测定了四物汤及其单味药在不同浓度、不同温度下的振荡体系的热功率-时间曲线, 得到了它们的诱导期、振荡周期, 根据非平衡态理论计算了它们的反应级数和表观活化能, 并建立了诱导期、振荡周期与浓度和表观活化能之间的非线性关系式.     

抑制剂对大肠杆菌作用的透射电镜及微量热法研究

用透射电镜对大肠杆菌以及大肠杆菌受到３种不同抑制剂抑制时的形态进行了观察，结果发现不同的抑制剂对大肠杆菌的不同抑制作用表现在大肠杆菌的微观形态发生了不同的变化，同时结合微量热的方法，测试了３种不同抑制剂作用下大肠杆菌的生长代谢热谱，热谱曲线的分析结果与透射电镜观察结果吻合。