Mixed-conducting dense ceramic membranes for air separation and natural gas conversion

Non-perovskite SrFeCo_0.5O _x (SFC2) was found to have high electronic and ionic conductivities as well as structural stability. At 800°C in air, total and ionic conductivities of 17 and 7 S·cm⁻¹ were measured, respectively; the ionic transference number was calculated to be ≈0.4. This material is unique because of its high electronic conductivity and comparable electronic and ionic transference numbers. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that air-sintered SFC2 consists of three phase components, ≈75 wt% , ≈20 wt% perovskite , and ≈5 wt% rock salt CoO. Argon-annealed SFC2 contains brownmillerite Sr₂(Fe_1−x Co _x )₂O₅ and rock salt CoO. Dense SFC2 membranes were able to withstand large pO₂ gradients and retain mechanical strength. A 2.9-mm-thick disk membrane was tested in a gas-tight electrochemical cell at 900°C; an oxygen permeation flux rate ≈2.5 cm³(STP)·cm⁻²·min⁻¹ was measured. A dense thin-wall tubular membrane of 0.75-mm thickness was tested in a methane conversion reactor for over 1,000 h. At 950°C, the oxygen permeation flux rate was ≈10 cm³(STP)·cm⁻²·min⁻¹ when the SFC2 thin-wall membrane was exposed with one side to air and the other side to 80% methane balanced with inert gas. Results from these two independent experiments agreed well. The SFC2 material is a good candidate as dense ceramic membranes for oxygen separation from air or for use in methane conversion reactors.     

Application of linear regression analysis for iron and copper removal process using natural zeolites

Natural zeolites (zeolitic volcanic tuffs) cropped out from three regions of Transilvania, Vultureni (V), Pagli?a (P) and M?cica? (M), were evaluated in the process of iron (V, P, M) and copper (M) removal from wastewaters. Iron and copper removal process was studied using a fixed bed column, when equilibrium and kinetic data were acquired. Four isotherms, Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir?CFreundlich and Redlich?CPeterson, were used to fit the experimental data obtained for each natural zeolite sample. Parameters of the adsorption isotherms were estimated from the experimental equilibrium data using MATLAB. Using these data the best fit with one of the chosen isotherm can be found. Isotherm constants were determined by linear regression analysis of the experimental data. We concluded that the mathematical model based on Freundlich isotherm is the most appropriate to describe the iron and copper exchange on our natural zeolite samples.     

Large-scale computational screening of zeolites for ethane/ethene separation

Large-scale computational screening of thirty thousand zeolite structures was conducted to find optimal structures for separation of ethane/ethene mixtures. Efficient grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations were performed with graphics processing units (GPUs) to obtain pure component adsorption isotherms for both ethane and ethene. We have utilized the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) to obtain the mixture isotherms, which were used to evaluate the performance of each zeolite structure based on its working capacity and selectivity. In our analysis, we have determined that specific arrangements of zeolite framework atoms create sites for the preferential adsorption of ethane over ethene. The majority of optimum separation materials can be identified by utilizing this knowledge and screening structures for the presence of this feature will enable the efficient selection of promising candidate materials for ethane/ethene separation prior to performing molecular simulations.     

Multi-elemental characterization of Cuban natural zeolites

Concentrations of 38 elements in samples from four important Cuban zeolite beds have been obtained by Instrumental Neutron Activation (INAA) and X-ray Fluorescence analyses (XRFA). In comparison with other analytical techniques good agreement was reached. The concentration values of minor element Ba, Sr, Zn and Mn and 25 trace element (including 9 REE) are at the first time reported in Cuban zeolite. It is important for the zeolite evaluation in different industrial uses.     

金属有机骨架材料在吸附分离大气污染物中的应用

大气污染问题是关系人民生命健康和经济社会和谐发展的重大问题.因此需要开发高效的吸附材料用于大气污染物的吸附和分离.金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)是一类新型的多孔材料,该材料具有结构多样、孔结构有序、大比表面积和高孔隙率等结构特点.MOFs通过调节有机配体的长度和官能团调节孔径和孔道尺寸,并进行功能化修饰在孔道中引入功能性...     

Adsorption of radioactive iodide by natural zeolites

The vacancy transfer probabilities of K to L₁, L₂ and L₃ shell were measured with a new method. The L X-ray yields of targets excited by 59.5 keV incident photons, i.e., above the K edge of elements, were detected with a high-resolution Si(Li) detector. For comparison with the experimental results, theoretical calculations were made using data available on radiative and radiationless transitions. The radiative transition values of these elements were taken from the relativistic Hartree-Slater model, those of the radiationless transitions from the Dirac-Hartree-Slater model. The measured values were found to be in good agreement with theoretical ones. The h_KLi (i = 1, 2, 3) values were calculated by measuring the L_1x, L_2x and L_3x X-ray production cross-sections.     

The removal of heavy metal cations by natural zeolites

In this study, the adsorption behavior of natural (clinoptilolite) zeolites with respect to Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Mn²⁺ has been studied in order to consider its application to purity metal finishing wastewaters. The batch method has been employed, using metal concentrations in solution ranging from 100 to 400 mg/l. The percentage adsorption and distribution coefficients (K_d) were determined for the adsorption system as a function of sorbate concentration. In the ion exchange evaluation part of the study, it is determined that in every concentration range, adsorption ratios of clinoptilolite metal cations match to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Kaganer–Radushkevich (DKR) adsorption isotherm data, adding to that every cation exchange capacity metals has been calculated. It was found that the adsorption phenomena depend on charge density and hydrated ion diameter. According to the equilibrium studies, the selectivity sequence can be given as Co²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Mn²⁺. These results show that natural zeolites hold great potential to remove cationic heavy metal species from industrial wastewater.     

Influence of temperature on natural and chemically modified zeolites

Zeolites from Nižny Hrabovec (Slovak Republic) were, modified with solutions of NaOH. The changes of zeolites in the temperature range 20–1200 °C were studied by thermal analysis (DTA, TG, ETA), X-ray analysis and REM analysis. Thermal analysis showed that the process of dehydration started between temperatures 20 and 600 °C, over this temperature the dealumination and structural changes have taken place. X-ray analysis and REM analysis showed the structural changes of natural zeolites and gradual loss of cristallinity of the chemically modified zeolites.     

Behaviour of organoarsenic compounds in contact with natural zeolites

Batch experiments were conducted on aqueous solutions containing arsenite, arsenobetaine, methylarsonic acid or phenylarsonic acid in contact with natural zeolites to examine their interaction. The concentration of the arsenic species in the liquid phase at equilibrium before and after contact was measured by means of liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection. Clinoptilolites completely removed arsenobetaine from the solution and the resulting amounts of dimethylarsinic acid were detected. The methylarsonic acid maximum concentration diminution was reached at a mass—to volume V value of m/V = 0.2. Phenylarsonic acid solution decreased its concentration 75% after treatment with clinoptilolites. Untreated mordenites in contact with arsenite solutions led to the formation of arsenate, whereas acid‐washed mordenites practically removed arsenobetaine and were less effective for methylarsonic acid. To show the incompatibility of molecular dimensions with the zeolite windows, the molecular parameters of surface area, molecular volume, molecular length, and the width and depth of arsenite, arsenate and a series of ten organic arsenic compounds were calculated. Since sorption onto the external zeolite surface rather than a sieve process defined the interaction, an acid‐catalysed reaction mechanism is proposed to explain the transformation results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sorption behavior of tritiated water on Armenian natural zeolites

Summary The sorptive behavior of tritiated water on natural, irradiated, chemically treated and heated at high temperatures Armenian zeolites was studied and their capacity for the separation and enrichment of tritiated water was evaluated. The distribution coefficients from the batch experiments were calculated for different zeolites and vary between 0.23 and 3.01. The influence of temperature, acidity, basicity, specific activity, electron and gamma-irradiation on sorption has been studied.     

Aromatization of natural propane using modified molecular-shape selective zeolites

The conversion of propane into aromatic hydrocarbons has been studied at 400–540°C, using H-ZSM-11, Zn-ZSM-11, H-ZSM-5 and Zn-ZSM-5 zeolites. The zinc-exchanged forms of ZSM-11 and ZSM-5 were more active and gave better aromatic selectivity. The aromatics yield increased with the temperature and BTX selectivity increased with space velocity.

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400–540°C H-ZSM-11, Zn-ZSM-11, H-ZSM-5 Zn-ZSM-5. , . .

     

Adsorption and separation of amino acids from aqueous solutions on zeolites

The adsorption of various amino acids on zeolites with different structures was studied with regard to dependence of the pH value of the solution and the aluminum content of the zeolite in order to design tailor-made adsorbents for amino acid separations.     

色谱技术在天然活性物分离分析中的应用

1循环高效液相色谱技术分离纯化复杂生物源的复合糖     

New concept on air separation

A new process which combines oxygen permeable membrane with oxygen absorbent was proposed to simultaneously produce pure oxygen and nitrogen from air. In the process, air is fed in the oxygen permeable membrane, and a large part of oxygen permeates through the membrane. Then, the oxygen-depleted air (∼7% O₂) passes through an oxygen absorption bed to make the residual oxygen absorbed; simultaneously, pure nitrogen is produced at the exit of the absorption bed. After the absorption bed reaches its saturated capacity, the oxygen-depleted air pass through another absorption bed switched by an automatic 3-way valve; at the same time the saturated absorption bed is under a desorption process by vacuum to renew the absorption capacity. The pumped out oxygen has a high-purity due to the oxygen absorbent is 100% selectivity to oxygen. As a result, nearly 100% recoveries of oxygen and nitrogen, and >99.4% oxygen purity and >99.0% nitrogen purity was achieved simultaneously.     

Calorimetric evolution of the early pozzolanic reaction of natural zeolites

The pozzolanic reaction between natural zeolite tuffs, portlandite and water was investigated over the course of the early reaction period up to 3 days. Isothermal conduction calorimetry experiments supplemented by TG/DTG and XRD analyses assisted in the elucidation of the sequence of reaction processes taking place. The calorimetry experiments clearly showed the dependence of the pozzolanic reaction rate and associated heat release on the fineness of the zeolite tuff. Higher external surface areas of pozzolans yield higher total heat releases. Also the exchangeable cation content of the zeolites influences the reaction rate. Release of exchangeable alkalis into solution promotes the pozzolanic reaction by raising the pH and zeolite solubility. The appearance of an exotherm after approximately 3 h of reaction is more conspicuous when alkali-rich zeolites are reacted. This exotherm is conceived to be related to a transformation or rupture of initially formed reaction products covering the zeolite grains. The formation of substantial amounts of ‘stable’ calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) and calcium aluminate hydrate (C–A–H) reaction took place after an induction period of more than 6 h. The openness of the zeolite framework affects the proneness of the zeolite to dissolution and thus its reactivity. Open framework zeolites such as chabazite were observed to react much more rapidly than closed framework zeolites such as analcime.     

Cesium exchange reaction on natural and modified clinoptilolite zeolites

Cesium cation exchange reaction with K, Na, Ca and Mg ions on natural and modified clinoptilolite has been studied. Batch cation-exchange experiments were performed by placing 0.5 g of clinoptilolite into 10 ml or 20 ml of 1·10⁻³M CsCl solution for differing times. Two type deposits of clinoptilolite zeolites from, Nižny Hrabovec (NH), Slovakia and Metaxades (MX), Greece were used for ion-exchange study. The distribution coefficient (K _d ) and sorption capacity (Γ) were evaluated. For the determination of K, Na, Ca and Mg isotachophoresis method, the most common cations in exchange reaction was used. Cesium sorption was studied using ¹³⁷Cs tracer and measured by γ-spectrometry.     

Selective ion exchange onto Slovakian natural zeolites in aqueous solutions

Ion exchange isotherms have been measured and plotted for the uptake of cesium, barium, cobalt, zinc, silver and amonium onto clinoptilolite- and mordenite-rich tuffs of Slovakian origin selectively for both the natural and near homoionic Na form as well, using the radioanalytical determination. The higher quality clinoptilolite-rich tuff has been proven to be effective for a potential radionucleides removal in native form according to the following selectivity sequence: Ag⁺,Ba²,Cs⁺>NH₄ ⁺>Co²⁺, while parent tuff in Na exchanged variety exhibited a little different sequence according to: Ag⁺?>?NH₄ ⁺?>?Ba²⁺?>?Cs⁺. The raw and Na exchanged mordenite-rich tuffs proved subsequently more or less similar selectivity : Ag⁺?>?Zn²⁺?>?Cs⁺, Ba²⁺?>?Co²⁺ and Ag⁺?>?Zn²⁺.     

Leachability of cobalt and cesium from natural and chemically treated zeolites

The determination of leachability of radioisotopes of cesium and cobalt from preloaded zeolites in distilled water, base solution and acid solution has been studied. For the experiment, we used natural and chemically treated zeolites. The zeolites before leaching were calcined at different temperatures.