SOME FIXED POINT THEOREMS OF CONTRACTIVE TYPE MAPFINGS

1. Let X be the conjugate of a separable Banach space satifying the *-Opial condition, i. e., if \[\{ {x_n}\} \subset x,{x_n}\mathop \to \limits^{{w^*}} {x_\infty },{x_\infty } \ne y\], then\[\mathop {\overline {\lim } }\limits_{n \to \infty } ||{x_n} - {x_\infty }|| < \mathop {\overline {\lim } }\limits_{n \to \infty } ||{x_n} - y||\] for rxample \[X = {l_1}\] Let K be a nonempty weak* closed convex subset of X. The main results are: Theorem 1. Suppose T is a ooniinuons mappings of K into itself such that for every \[x,y \in K\]，\[||Tx - Ty|| \le a||x - y|| + b\{ ||x - Tx|| + ||y - Ty||\} + c\{ ||x - Ty|| + ||y - Tx||\} \] where real numbers \[a,b,c \ge 0\] and \[a + 2b + 2c = 1\]. Suppose also K is bounded.Then T has at least one fixed point in K. Theorem 2. Let T be a mapping of K into itself, and \[a(x,y),b(x,y),c(x,y)\]be real functions such that for all\[x,y \in K\] \[||Tx - Ty|| \le a(x,y)||x - y|| + b(x,y)\{ ||x - Tx|| + ||y - Ty||\} + c(x,y)\{ ||x - Ty|| + ||y - Tx||\} \] and \[a(x{\rm{y}},y){\rm{ + }}2b(x,y){\rm{ + }}2c(x,y) \le 1\] Suppose there exists \[x \in K\] such that \[O(x) = \{ {T^n}x\} _{n = 1}^\infty \] is bounded and \[\mathop {\inf }\limits_{y,z \in o(x)} c(y,z) > 0\] Then T has at least one fixed point z in K and \[{T^n}x\mathop \to \limits^{{w^*}} z\]. 2. We denote \[CL(x) = \{ A;nonempty{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} closed{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} subset{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} of{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} X\} \] \[K(x) = A;nonempty{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} closed{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} subset{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} of{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} x\} \] here X is a complete metric space with metric d. On \[CL(x)\] and \[K(x)\] we introduce the generalized Hausdorff distance \[H(,)\], The main results are: Theorem 3. Suppose \[\{ T,S\} \] is a pair of set-valued mappings of X into \[CL(x)\],which satisfies the following condition: \[H(Tx,Sy) \le hMax\{ d(x,y),D(x,Tx),D(y,Sy),\frac{1}{2}[D(x,Sy) + D(y,Tx)]\} \] for each \[x,y \in K\], where 0相似文献   

圆的切点弦方程及其应用

1.结论当点M(x0,y0)在⊙O:x2+y2=r2外时,过P(x0,y0)向⊙O:x2+y2=r2所做两条切线的切点弦的方程为l:x0x+y0y=r2.2.简析如图1,过M(x0,y0)作⊙O的两条切线,切点分别为A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),则过点A(x1,y1)的     

求解特征值互补问题的ABS算法

正1引言对给定的矩阵A∈R~(n×n)和正定阵B∈R~(n×n),特征值互补问题(EiCP)~([1-3])是指:求实数λ和向量x∈R~n\{0}使得{y=(A-λB)x y≥0,x≥0 y~Tx=0 (1)它源于工程和物理问题,如对力学接触问题和结构力学系统的稳定性的研究[3-6].EiCP也可表示为如下形式的锥约束特征值问题[7,8]:对给定的矩阵A∈R~(n×n)和正定阵B∈R~(n×n),求实数λ和向量量x∈R~n\{0}使得     

涉及椭圆与等差、等比数列的一个性质

笔者使用几何画板将椭圆O :x2a2 + y2b2 =1(a >b>0 )沿x轴向右平移 2a个单位得到椭圆O′:(x - 2a) 2a2 + y2b2 =1,再将椭圆O沿x轴向右平移22 a个单位并将其长、短轴都压缩到 22 倍得到椭圆O″ :(x - 22 a) 2(22 a) 2+ y2(22 b) 2=1.由于这三个椭圆两两间的公共弦均为x =22 a ,所以 ,三个椭圆恒过交点M ,N .于是得出椭圆与等差、等比数列的如下有趣性质 .图 1　定理 1图定理 1　如图 1,过椭圆O :x2a2 + y2b2 =1(a >b>0 ) (1)的中心O任作一条直线交椭圆O′:(x - 2a) 2a2 + y2b2 =1(2 )于A ,B两点 ,弦AB交椭圆O″:(x - 22 a) 2(22 a) 2+ …     

一维$P$-Laplace二阶差分系统奇异边值问题正解的存在性

应用锥压缩锥拉伸不动点定理和Leray-Schauder 抉择定理研究了一类具有P-Laplace算子的奇异离散边值问题$$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\Delta[\phi (\Delta x(i-1))]+ q_{1}(i)f_{1}(i,x(i),y(i))=0, ~~~i\in \{1,2,...,T\}\\\Delta[\phi (\Delta y(i-1))]+ q_{2}(i)f_{2}(i,x(i),y(i))=0,\\x(0)=x(T+1)=y(0)=y(T+1)=0,\end{array}\right.$$的单一和多重正解的存在性,其中$\phi(s) = |s|^{p-2}s, ~p>1$,非线性项$f_{k}(i,x,y)(k=1,2)$在$(x,y)=(0,0)$具有奇性.     

二元非乘积型Baskakov算子的某些逼近性质

该文利用多元分解技巧及一元的结果得出二元非乘积型算子V\-n的两个逼近性质定理.对f∈C\-0(T\+2),‖V\-n(f)-f‖≤cω\-2(f,[SX(]1[]n[SX)]); 对f∈C\+2(T\+2),lim[DD(X]n→∞[DD)]n(V\-n(f)-f)=[SX(]x(1+x)[]2[SX)]f\-\{11\}+[SX(]y(1+y)[]2[SX)]f\-\{22\}+[SX(]xy[]2[SX)]f\-\{12\}.     

关于椭圆性质的另一种推导

如图1所示,αl β为平面角等于θ的二面角(规定0°<θ<90°) .已知α平面内有一半径为R的圆O ,则圆O在β平面内的正射影为椭圆.研究过程如下:图1　研究用图在α内,以O为原点建立直角坐标系xoy ,其中ox轴∥l,则其在β内的正射影记为直角坐标系x′o′y′.设α上圆O :x2 + y2=R2 上一点为M (x ,y) ,它对应(这里的对应指由α到β的正射影,下同)于β上一点M′(x′,y′) ,则x′=x ,y′=y·cosθ,即x =x′,y =y′/cosθ,将其代入圆O的方程x2 + y2 =R2 中,得x′2R2 + y′2(Rcosθ) 2 =1 ( 1 )记a =R ,b =R·cosθ,则由( 1 )有x′2a2 + y′2b2 …     

A NEW CLASS OF UNIFORMLY SECOND ORDERACCURATE DIFFRENCE SCHEMES FOR 2D SCALAR CONSERVATION LAWS

1.ConvergenceofAClassofUniformlySecondorderAccurateDifferenceSchemesInthissection,weconsidertheCauchyproblemfornonlinearhyperbolicscalarconservationlawswithtwospacevariables:&u+&f(u)+Ovg(u)=o,u(t,xly)eR,tE(O,T),(x,y)ER',(1.1)u(o,x,y)=uo(x,y),(x,y)ER',(1t2)wherefandg:R-+RareLipschitzcontinuousfunctionsandtheinitialdatauoisaboundedfunctionwithcompactsupport.LetAt,ax,Aybethe.time,x-spaceandy-spaceincremelltsofthediscretizationrespectively.Themeshratios,,A.=at/Ax,A.=At/ay,wil1bekeptconst…     

新题征展(16)

A.题组新编1 . (1 )已知 lg x lg y =1 ,则 u=2x 5y 的最小值为　　 ;(2 )已知 x、y∈ R ,且 x y =3,则u = 2 x 2 y 的最小值为　　 ;(3)已知 x、y∈ R ,x 2 y=1 ,则 u=1x 1y的最小值为　　 ;(4)已知 x、y∈ R ,且 xy2 =1 ,则 x y的最小值为　　 ;(5)已知 x、y∈ R ,且 x y = 1 ,则 xy2的最大值为　　 .2 .如图 1 ,三棱锥 P— ABC的顶点 P在△ ABC所在平面上的射影为 O.(1 )若 PA =PB=PC,则O是△ ABC的　　 ;图 1(2 )若 P到 AB、BC、AC的距离相等 ,则 O是△ ABC的　　 ;(3)若 3个侧面与底面 ABC所成二面角相等 ,…     

综合题新编选登

题194已知双曲线c:x2a2-by22=1(a>0,b>0),F1,F2为其左、右焦点,P为c上任一点,双曲线c在点P处的切线l与两渐近线分别交于S,T.1)求△SOT的外接圆圆心的轨迹方程;2)求证:OS·OT为定值;3)求证:F1,S,F2,T四点共圆.图1题194图解设p(x0,y0),则有:b2x02-a2y02=a2b2.l的方程为:x0xa2-yb02y=1.联系方程:y=abx,x0xa2-yb02y=1.可解得S点的坐标为(bx0a-2bay0,bx0a-b2ay0).同理可求得T点的坐标为(bx0a 2bay0,-bx0a b2ay0).1)设△SOT的外接圆圆心O′的坐标为(x,y),则有|O′O|=|O′S|=|O′T|,即x2 y2=(x-bx0a-2bay0)2 (y-bx0a-b2ay0)2=(x-bx0a 2…     

Manifold of nondegenerate affinor fields

We consider the quotient set of the set of nondegenerate affinor fields with respect to the action of the group of nowhere vanishing functions. This set is endowed with a structure of infinite-dimensional Lie group. On this Lie group, we construct an object of linear connection with respect to which all left-invariant vector fields are covariantly constant (the Cartan connection).     

Geometric structures as deformed infinitesimal symmetries

A general model for geometric structures on differentiable manifolds is obtained by deforming infinitesimal symmetries. Specifically, this model consists of a Lie algebroid, equipped with an affine connection compatible with the Lie algebroid structure. The curvature of this connection vanishes precisely when the structure is locally symmetric.

This model generalizes Cartan geometries, a substantial class, to the intransitive case. Simple examples are surveyed and corresponding local obstructions to symmetry are identified. These examples include foliations, Riemannian structures, infinitesimal -structures, symplectic and Poisson structures.

     

5 dimensional strictly locally homogeneous Riemannian manifolds

One establishes the connection between Cartan triples and Riemann–Lie foliations. Based on the Cartan triple method, one shows that a five dimensional strictly locally homogeneous space is locally isometric to a Kowalski space. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Cartan connection and its geodesics on a manifold of nondegenerate affinor fields

We consider the quotient manifold of the manifold of nondegenerate affinor fields on a compact manifold with respect to the action of the group of nowhere vanishing functions. On this manifold, we construct a Cartan connection and find its torsion tensor. We also find the geodesics of the Cartan connection.     

Projective holonomy II: cones and complete classifications

The aim of this paper and its prequel is to introduce and classify the irreducible holonomy algebras of the projective Tractor connection. This is achieved through the construction of a ‘projective cone’, a Ricci-flat manifold one dimension higher whose affine holonomy is equal to the Tractor holonomy of the underlying manifold. This paper uses the result to enable the construction of manifolds with each possible holonomy algebra.     

Torsion-free path geometries and integrable second order ODE systems

A search for invariants of second order ODE systems under the class of point transformations, which mix the parameter and the dependent variables, uncovers a torsion tensor generalizing part of the curvature tensor of an affine connection. We study the geometry of ODE systems for which this torsion vanishes. These are the ODE systems for which deformations of solutions fixing a point constitute a field of Segré varieties in the tangent bundle of the locally defined space of solutions. Conversely, a field of Segré varieties for which certain differential invariants vanish induces a torsion-free ODE system on the space of solutions to a natural PDE system. The geometry on the solution space is used to produce first integrals for torsion-free ODE systems, given as algebraic invariants of a curvature tensor involving up to fourth derivatives of the equations. In the generic case, there are enough first integrals to solve the equations explicitly in spite of the absence of symmetry. In the case of torsion-free ODE pairs, the field of Segré varieties is equivalent to a half-flat split signature conformal structure, and we characterize in terms of curvature those systems having an abundance of totally geodesic surfaces.     

Projective holonomy I: principles and properties

The aim of this paper and its sequel is to introduce and classify the holonomy algebras of the projective Tractor connection. After a brief historical background, this paper presents and analyses the projective Cartan and Tractor connections, the various structures they can preserve, and their geometric interpretations. Preserved subbundles of the Tractor bundle generate foliations with Ricci-flat leaves. Contact- and Einstein-structures arise from other reductions of the Tractor holonomy, as do U(1) and bundles over a manifold of smaller dimension.