The styrene (St), butyl acrylate (BuA), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization in microemulsion in the presence of sodium
dodecylsulfate is studied. This process is conducted in the presence of some comonomers having groups that can participate
in sol–gel processes: 3(trimethyloxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (MPTS), triethoxy vinylsilane (VTES), and a comonomer with
a sulfate group, styrene sodium sulfonate (StSO3Na). It has been observed that stabile latexes are obtained by radical polymerization at pH = 7, followed by a sol–gel process
in the presence of ammonia. Latex particles sizes and zeta potential grow with MTPS concentration and in StSO3Na presence. VTES effect depends on its reactivity in St, MMA, and BuA copolymerization. Glass transition temperature and
thermal decomposing temperature are influences by functional comonomer concentration and chemical structure. The Fourier transform
infrared spectrum and inorganic residue growth after organic part thermal decomposition shows the presence of silica in obtained
latexes. 相似文献
The possibility to prepare hybrids made by poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and/or poly(ethyl
acrylate) (PEtA) with TiO2 was studied. The processes of polymer formation-radical polymerization and sol-gel process for inorganic network —were achieved
simultaneously. Due to a high reactivity of titanium isopropoxide (TIP) in the sol-gel process, a complexant comonomer, allyl
acetoacetate (AlAcAc), was used. Covalent bonds between polymer and inorganic chains were obtained by addition of trialkoxysilane
derivates with vinyl (VTES) or methacryloyl (MPTS) groups. The presence of TIP inhibits the radical polymerization of vinyl
acetate (VAc). The PVAc-TiO2 hybrids were produced by the sol-gel process of TIP in the presence of pre-obtained PVAc. Except for VTES and MPTS, trialkoxysilane
derivates with methyl (MeTES), octyl (OTES) and phenyl (PTES) groups were used. The thermal stability of hybrids is strongly
affected by TiO2 presence and by the type of trialkoxysilane derivates. The thermal stability of PVAc hybrids decreases in the presence of
TiO2 inorganic network. The glass transition temperature of polymers increases in the presence of the inorganic network. 相似文献
We report here a novel approach for making reversibly coagulatable and redispersible polyacrylate latexes by emulsion (co)polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using a polymeric surfactant, poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)10‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate)14. The surfactant was protonated with HCl prior to use. The resulted PMMA latexes were readily coagulated with trace amount of caustic soda. The coagulated latex particles, after washing with deionized water, could be redispersed into fresh water to form stable latexes again by CO2 bubbling with ultrasonication. The recovered latexes could then be coagulated by N2 bubbling with gentle heating. These coagulation and redispersion processes were repeatable by the CO2/N2 bubbling. 相似文献
Abstract Functional latexes with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cores and amino‐containing, water‐soluble polymer shells were synthesized via direct graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate from water‐soluble polymers induced by a small amount of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) at 80°C for 2 h. Amphiphilic graft copolymers and PMMA homopolymers were generated concurrently to form highly monodispersed latexes. The effects of water‐soluble polymer containing different amino group, reaction temperature, TBHP concentration, molecular weight of the polymer and pH of the solution on conversion and grafting efficiency of the monomer and particle size were investigated. Transmission electron microscopic images of the PMMA/poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) and PMMA/poly(allylamine) (PAA) particles clearly show well‐defined core‐shell morphologies, where PMMA cores are coated with either PEI or PAA shell. The amino‐containing polymer shells were also confirmed with zeta‐potential measurements. Furthermore, the amino‐containing latexes can be produced with a solids content up to 22 wt.%. Thus, this method provides a commercially viable route to functional latexes. 相似文献
The microemulsion system containing vinyl acetate (Vac), silane derivatives tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS), vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES), methyltriethoxysilane (MeTES), octyltriethoxysilane (OTES), nonylphenol etoxylated with 25 mol of ethylene oxyde (NPEO25) and water was studied. It was established that the probability of microemulsion formation increases with surfactant concentration. The microenviroment of the solubilization of the VAc and of silane derivatives in the aggregates of NPEO25 was affected by their polarity. Hybrid materials were obtained by sol-gel reaction of silane derivatives combined with free-radical polymerization of VAc. The change of the glass transition temperature and of thermal stability of the polymer chains in the presence of the inorganic one proved the formation of simultaneous polymer inorganic hybrids. 相似文献
The purpose of present study is to fabrication of a magmolecule (amino-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles) and evaluation of its adsorption capacity for selenite (SeO32?) ions from nuclear wastewater. To accomplish this, synthesized magnetite nanoparticles is coated with a layer of SiO2 in order to be chemically stable and then functionalized with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) to be more effective. Adsorption of SeO32? ions was investigated in batch technique. The effect of parameters such as solution pH, presence of competing anions using sulfuric acid and nitric acid (NO3?, HSO4? and SO42?) and temperature were studied. Maximum adsorption occurred at pH 2.4 for magnetite (naked nanoparticle) and 1.7 for functionalized nanoparticles, while the dose of adsorbent was 1 g/L and selenite ion concentration was 50 mg/L. sulfuric acid was selected as the better acidic agent for controlling pH of solution. Thermodynamic parameters were also calculated and it has been found that the adsorption was endothermic. The obtained result showed that the naked particles had more adsorption capacity but it has been suggested usage of functionalized particles in the magmolecule process duo to stability and reusable capability. 相似文献
A new copper catalyst containing chlorine and a photo‐labile diethylthiocarbamoylthiyl group was successfully employed in the reverse ATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The polymeric chains were end‐capped with S2CNEt2, due to pseudo‐halogen atom‐transfer reaction between active and dormant species. Photopolymerization of this PMMA in the presence of fresh MMA and styrene monomers at ambient temperature yielded chain‐extended PMMA and MMA/styrene block copolymers, respectively.
GPC traces of (A) PMMA end‐capped with a photo‐labile group (pre‐PMMA), (B) chain‐extended PMMA (post‐PMMA), and (C) PMMA/styrene block copolymer (PMMA‐b‐PSt). 相似文献
A series of VTES/TEOS composite xerogels covalently grafted with a novel complex Ru(phen)2(Dppz-Si)Cl2 were prepared, using the alkoxysilane-modified dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine compound (denoted as Dppz-Si) as the second
ligand of the Ru(phen)2Cl2 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) complex and a precursor of the sol–gel process. Bulk xerogels were obtained by co-hydrolyzing
and co-condensation from a mixture of triethoxysilane (TEOS), Ru(phen)2(Dppz-Si)Cl2 and Vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES). The luminescence intensity of composite xerogels is enhanced by 18.2 times, and the sensitivity
is improved from 1.1 to 3.1 by optimizing the molar ratio of VTES to TEOS. The composite xerogel containing 80% VTES in precursor
was optimal, exhibiting the maximum luminescence intensity and sensitivity. These results indicate that the complex Ru(phen)2(Dppz-Si)Cl2 is sensitive to oxygen concentration, VTES is a kind of excellent organic modifier and can greatly improved photoluminescent
(PL) and oxygen sensing performances. 相似文献
An easy method in a solvothermal system has been developed to synthesize nanostructured magnetite (Fe3O4)-loaded functionalized carbon spheres (CSs) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4). Surface-tunable CSs loaded with iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were prepared using an acetylferrocene Schiff base (OPF), whereas spinel cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) was synthesized via metal complexes of a ferrocenyl Schiff base with phenol moiety (Co-OPF). The formed composite powder was investigated using X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. It was found that most of the iron oxide nanoparticles were evenly distributed upon the surface of the CSs. Furthermore, the surface of the iron oxide-loaded CSs has large numbers of functional groups. Good saturation magnetization was achieved for the formed magnetic nanoparticles. 相似文献
The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of aqua suspensions based on superfine magnetite (Fe3O4), hematite (α-Fe2O3), maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), samarium ferrite (SmFe2O4) and gadolinium ferrite (GdFe2O4) as well as of magnetite-based ferrofluids was calorimetrically determined in the range of the temperatures from 283 to 253
K. MCE has a positive magnitude for all investigated systems except a hematite-based system. For the suspensions on the basis
of MCE temperature dependence it was determined that superfine magnetite transformed into α-Fe2O3 at the temperature above 328 K in contrast to monocrystal magnetite. For aqua suspensions of samarium ferrite and gadolinium
ferrite and magnetite-based ferrofluids MCE temperature dependence has an extreme behavior which is connected with a second-order
phase transition. For the first time it is established that the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is greatly increased when the
magnet is a nanosized material. 相似文献