一种含负刚度元件的新型动力吸振器的参数优化

提出了一种含有负刚度弹簧元件的新型动力吸振器模型,对该模型的最优参数进行了详细研究. 通过拉氏变换得到了系统的解析解,发现该系统存在着两个固定点,利用固定点理论得到了动力吸振器的最优阻尼比和最优频率比. 进一步研究发现接地刚度取负值时能够得到更好的减振效果,根据负刚度的特性得到了在保证系统稳定情况下的最优负刚度比. 通过数值解与解析解的对比证明了解析解的正确性. 通过与两种已有的典型动力吸振器模型在简谐激励和随机激励情况下的对比,说明了负刚度模型在主系统减振方面具有很大的优势,减振效果远优于两种已有动力吸振器模型,从而为设计新型动力吸振器模型提出了理论上的依据.      

含分数阶Bingham模型的阻尼减振系统时滞半主动控制

针对基于磁流变液阻尼器的半主动控制系统中存在的时滞问题, 采用了一种将可控的时滞变量引入半主动控制切换条件的控制策略, 研究了考虑时滞的天棚阻尼控制切换条件对半主动阻尼减振系统的影响, 分析了含有分数阶Bingham模型的线性刚度系统在基础激励下的振动特性. 利用平均法得到了系统在含时滞半主动控制策略下主共振响应的近似解析解, 根据Lyapunov理论分析了系统的稳定性. 通过数值解验证了近似解析解的准确性, 二者具有较好的一致性. 利用近似解析解分析了固定激励频率下时滞对系统幅频响应特性的影响, 以及主共振峰值响应和共振频率随时滞变化的特性规律. 结果表明, 含时滞的半主动控制系统存在一个小时滞区间, 使得系统的振幅在主共振峰对应的频率附近低于不考虑时滞时系统的振幅, 且存在最优时滞使得系统的振幅大幅度降低; 而大时滞的引入会加剧系统的振动, 导致系统的颤振. 确定了基于分数阶Bingham模型的线性刚度系统在天棚阻尼半主动控制下的时滞选取原则, 为振动系统半主动阻尼控制中的时滞选取提供了参考.      

Internal-external resonance of a curved pipe conveying fluid resting on a nonlinear elastic foundation

In this study, the forced vibration of a curved pipe conveying fluid resting on a nonlinear elastic foundation is considered. The governing equations for the pipe system are formed with the consideration of viscoelastic material, nonlinearity of foundation, external excitation, and extensibility of centre line. Equations governing the in-plane vibration are solved first by the Galerkin method to obtain the static in-plane equilibrium configuration. The out-of-plane vibration is simplified into a constant coefficient gyroscopic system. Subsequently, the method of multiple scales (MMS) is developed to investigate external first and second primary resonances of the out-of-plane vibration in the presence of three-to-one internal resonance between the first two modes. Modulation equations are formed to obtain the steady state solutions. A parametric study is carried out for the first primary resonance. The effects of damping, nonlinear stiffness of the foundation, internal resonance detuning parameter, and the magnitude of the external excitation are investigated through frequency response curves and force response curves. The characteristics of the single mode response and the relationship between single and two mode steady state solutions are revealed for the second primary resonance. The stability analysis is carried out for these plots. Finally, the approximately analytical results are confirmed by the numerical integrations.     

Identification of nonlinear anti-vibration isolator properties

Vibrations are classified among the major problems for engineering structures. Anti-vibration isolators are used to absorb vibration energy and minimise transmitted force which can cause damage. The isolator is modelled as a parallel combination of stiffness and damping elements. The main purpose of the model is to enable designers to predict the dynamic response of systems under different structural excitations and boundary conditions. A nonlinear identification method, discussed in this paper, aims to provide a tool for engineers to extract information about the nonlinear dynamic behaviour using measured data from experiments. The proposed method is demonstrated and validated with numerical simulations. Thus, this technique is applied to determine the nonlinear parameters of a commercial metal mesh isolator. Nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear damping can decrease with the increase in the amplitude of the base excitation. The softening behaviour of the mesh isolator is clearly visible.     

含立方刚度和滞回的隔振系统动力学特性分析 1)

包含立方刚度和Bouc-Wen 型滞回的隔振系统具有复杂的非线性动力学特性。系统无阻尼响应模型可基于无滞回恢复力建立,利用谐波平衡法和泰勒展开求得近似解析解。系统有阻尼响应模型可利用解析/数值联合方法求解,该方法基于谐波平衡法和Levenberg-Marquardt 迭代算法,对于滞回产生的多值非光滑函数项,先计算时域响应再通过快速傅里叶变换求解谐波项系数。上述方法在含水平绞制梁的非线性隔振系统分析中得到有效应用。分析表明,在Bouc-Wen 型滞回和立方刚度的综合影响下,隔振系统呈现渐软–渐硬特性,滞回阻尼和线性阻尼都可以有效抑制共振,但前者高频隔振效果优于后者。     

分数阶达芬振子的超谐与亚谐联合共振

研究了含分数阶微分项的达芬(Duffing)振子的超谐与亚谐联合共振.采用平均法得到了系统的一阶近似解析解,提出了超、亚谐联合共振时等效线性阻尼和等效线性刚度的概念.建立了联合共振定常解幅频曲线的解析表达式,并对联合共振幅频响应的近似解析解和数值解进行了比较,二者吻合良好,证明了求解过程及近似解析解的正确性.然后,将等效线性阻尼和等效线性刚度的概念与传统整数阶系统进行比较,证明分数阶微分项不仅起着阻尼的作用同时还起着刚度的作用.最后,通过数值仿真研究了不同的分数阶微分项系数和阶次对联合共振幅频曲线多值性和跳跃现象的影响,并与单一频率下超谐共振或亚谐共振进行了对比.研究发现,分数阶微分项系数与阶次不仅影响着系统的响应幅值、共振频率,同时还对系统的周期解个数、发生区域面积、发生先后等有重要影响.并且,在不同的基本参数下该系统分别表现出单独超谐共振、单独亚谐共振以及超谐共振和亚谐共振同时存在的现象.这些结果对系统动力学特性的研究具有重要意义.     

一种含放大机构的负刚度动力吸振器的参数优化

在大多数情况下机械振动是有害的,它不仅产生噪声还会降低设备的工作精度和使用寿命.采用正刚度特性的吸振、隔振系统往往难以达到满意效果,这种情况在低频振动控制系统中尤其明显.放大机构与负刚度元件在振动控制领域均表现出良好性能,但是较少有对同时含有放大机构与负刚度装置的动力吸振系统的研究.以Voigt型动力吸振器为基础提出了一种将放大机构应用于含负刚度弹簧元件的动力吸振器模型,对该模型的最优参数进行了研究.首先建立了系统的运动微分方程并得到了其解析解,发现该系统存在两个固定点,利用固定点理论得到了动力吸振器的最优频率比.根据负刚度的特性,在保证系统稳定的前提下得到了最优负刚度比,并推导了系统的近似最优阻尼比.通过数值仿真验证了解析解的正确性.与多种动力吸振器在简谐激励与随机激励下进行了对比,说明了本文模型相比于已有的动力吸振器,能够大幅降低共振振幅、拓宽减振频带并且降低系统的谐振频率,为设计新型动力吸振器模型提供了理论依据.      

A New Testing Machine for the Dynamic Characterization of High Strength Low Damping Fiber Materials

This work describes a novel method for measuring the damping, the elastic modulus and the non-linear behavior of high strength low damping fiber materials such as para-aramids, silicon carbide (SiC) and carbon. The method is based on resonant response characterization of a spring-mass system excited by a sine-wave forcing term which is applied as a vertical force to the suspended mass. The damping is obtained from the measured resonance quality factor Q, the elasticity modulus is calculated from the resonance frequency, and the non-linear coefficient is obtained with the backbone approach from resonance profile variations as a function of the forcing term amplitude. It is argued that the method is very sensitive, to the point that a maximum excitation amplitude of the order of a few percent of resistance is sufficient to obtain an estimate of the non-linear coefficient. This claim is supported by experimental results. A testing machine is also discussed, which provides the necessary sensitivity at such small excitation amplitudes and the capability of evaluating very small damping values, as expected in high strength low damping fiber materials. The sensitivity is guaranteed by an optical position sensor with sub-micron resolution. To evaluate small damping values, particular care has been taken to ensure that energy dispersions in the generator are much smaller than energy dispersions in the fibers themselves. Examples of dynamic characterization are shown for para-aramid, silicon carbide, and carbon fibers.     

Internal-external resonance of beams on non-linear viscoelastic foundation traversed by moving load

Vibration of a finite Euler–Bernoulli beam, supported by non-linear viscoelastic foundation traversed by a moving load, is studied and the Galerkin method is used to discretize the non-linear partial differential equation of motion. Subsequently, the solution is obtained for different harmonics using the Multiple Scales Method (MSM) as one of the perturbation techniques. Free vibration of a beam on non-linear foundation is investigated and the effects of damping and non-linear stiffness of the foundation on the responses are examined. Internal-external resonance condition is then stated and the frequency responses of different harmonics are obtained by MSM. Different conditions of the external resonance are studied and a parametric study is carried out for each case. The effects of damping and non-linear stiffness of the foundation as well as the magnitude of the moving load on the frequency responses are investigated. Finally, a thorough local stability analysis is performed on the system.     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis for coupled vehicle-bridge system with harmonic excitation

In this paper, a multi-degree-of-freedom lumped parameter coupled vehicle-bridge dynamic model is proposed considering the nonlinearities of suspension and tire stiffness/damping and the nonlinear foundation of bridge. In terms of modelling, the continuous expressions of the kinetic energy, potential energy and the dissipation function are constructed. The dynamic equations of the coupled vehicle-bridge system (CVBS) are derived and discretized using Galerkin’s scheme, which yield a set of second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations with coupled terms. The numerical simulations are conducted by using the Newmark-β integration method to perform a parametric study of the effects on excitation amplitude, suspension stiffness and position relation. The bifurcation diagram, 3-D frequency spectrum and largest Lyapunov exponent are demonstrated in order to better understand the vibration properties and interaction between the vehicle and bridge with the key system parameters. It can be found that the nonlinear dynamic characteristics such as parametric resonance, jump phenomena, periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic motions are strongly attributed to the interaction between vehicle and bridge. Significantly, under the combined internal and external excitations, the vibration amplitudes of the CVBS have a certain degree of dependence on the external excitation. Suspension stiffness could lead to complex dynamics such as the higher-order bifurcations increase and the chaotic regions broaden. The increasing of distance could effectively control the nonlinear vibration of CVBS. The application of the proposed nonlinear coupled vehicle-bridge model would bring higher computational accuracy and make it possible to design the vehicle and bridge simultaneously.     

负刚度时滞反馈控制动力吸振器的等峰优化

相比于传统动力吸振器, 负刚度动力吸振器同时具有更好的减振能力和更宽的有效减振频带宽度, 为了进一步降低共振峰幅值, 在负刚度吸振器系统耦合时滞反馈控制. 对负刚度时滞反馈控制动力吸振器系统进行等峰优化设计, 优化设计的准则是:第一和第二共振峰的峰值相等; 同时兼顾两个目标, 一个目标是在优化时的最大共振峰幅值小于被动负刚度吸振器系统的反共振峰幅值, 另一目标是在优化时共振峰幅值与反共振峰幅值差小于被动吸振器系统. 接着, 通过设计和调节负刚度系数、吸振器阻尼系数和时滞反馈控制系数对控制系统进行等峰优化设计. 最后, 在降低幅值的同时, 分析结构参数对有效减振频带宽度的影响. 经过等峰优化之后, 选择本文的一组结构参数与两个典型的模型进行对比. 为了定量比较不同模型的降幅效果, 定义了减幅百分比, 研究发现在有效减振频带区间内减幅百分比超过40%以上. 结果表明, 通过等峰优化准则对结构参数进行优化设计和调节增益系数和时滞量, 共振峰幅值的减幅百分比也近似达到40%, 也可以调节增益系数和时滞量, 使得幅频响应曲线具有较宽的有效减振频带和较低的共振峰幅值与反共振峰幅值的差值.      

多尺度法的推广及在非线性黏弹性系统的应用

黏弹性材料在航空、机械、土木等领域具有广阔的应用前景,而具有1.5自由度的非线性Zener模型能更好地描述其特性.因此,研究多尺度法的推广和应用具有重要意义.在传统多尺度法的基础上,推广并利用多尺度法对非线性奇数阶微分方程进行研究,解决非线性奇数阶系统的动力学求解问题.以非线性Zener模型为例,首先通过推广的多尺度法...     

Non-linear dynamics of a system of coupled oscillators with essential stiffness non-linearities

We study the resonant dynamics of a two-degree-of-freedom system composed of a linear oscillator weakly coupled to a strongly non-linear one, with an essential (non-linearizable) cubic stiffness non-linearity. For the undamped system this leads to a series of internal resonances, depending on the level of (conserved) total energy of oscillation. We study in detail the 1:1 internal resonance, and show that the undamped system possesses stable and unstable synchronous periodic motions (non-linear normal modes—NNMs), as well as, asynchronous periodic motions (elliptic orbits—EOs). Furthermore, we show that when damping is introduced certain NNMs produce resonance capture phenomena, where a trajectory of the damped dynamics gets ‘captured’ in the neighborhood of a damped NNM before ‘escaping’ and becoming an oscillation with exponentially decaying amplitude. In turn, these resonance captures may lead to passive non-linear energy pumping phenomena from the linear to the non-linear oscillator. Thus, sustained resonance capture appears to provide a dynamical mechanism for passively transferring energy from one part of the system to another, in a one-way, irreversible fashion. Numerical integrations confirm the analytical predictions.     

含机械调频式动力吸振器的准零刚度隔振系统隔振性能分析

基于动力吸振器原理,在单自由度准零刚度隔振器基础上耦合可调频动力吸振器构成两自由度隔振系统。首先,对动力吸振器工作原理进行理论分析并提出其力学模型;其次,通过静力学分析,推导出系统满足零刚度条件时,各参数间的关系并分析其对系统刚度特性的影响;然后,建立两自由度隔振系统非线性动力学方程,利用谐波平衡法进行幅频响应解析分析,得到力传递率表达式;最后,数值分析动力吸振器阻尼、刚度、质量、激励力幅值和弹簧片有效长度对力传递率的影响规律,并与单自由度准零刚度隔振系统及两自由度线性隔振系统对比分析。结果表明：通过选择适当的动力吸振器参数不仅可以减小系统的起始隔振频率,增宽隔振频带,且还能加快系统力传递率在特定频段内的衰减速率,改善系统的低频隔振性能,实现激励频率的可适应性。     

非线性被动隔振的若干进展

工程中航空航天、船舶与海洋结构物及其上装备和精密仪器易受极端环境干扰和破坏,使得非线性隔振理论在近十年来迅猛发展;针对日益严峻的隔振和抗冲击等要求,工程师和科学家们已发展出各种不同的非线性隔振系统,包括主动、半主动、被动和复合隔振.利用非线性改善的被动隔振兼具传统被动隔振的鲁棒性和主动隔振的高效性成为振动控制领域的先进技术.本文主要综述了非线性隔振理论和应用的近十年进展,包括非线性隔振设计、建模、分析、仿真和实验.在隔振系统的构建中,既考虑了刚度非线性又考虑了阻尼非线性;动力学响应的研究中,既有确定性分析又有随机分析.首先提出了适用于非线性隔振系统改进的评价方式;其次综述了高静态低动态刚度隔振及其加强形式非线性阻尼加强和双层非线性隔振,混沌反控制技术、内共振影响、非线性能量阱应用等振动机制利用型隔振和非线性隔振功能材料.最后,对非线性隔振研究发展的热点和关键性问题进行了分析和展望.     

Damping for large-amplitude vibrations of plates and curved panels,Part 1: Modeling and experiments

Theoretical and experimental non-linear vibrations of thin rectangular plates and curved panels subjected to out-of-plane harmonic excitation are investigated. Experiments have been performed on isotropic and laminated sandwich plates and panels with supported and free boundary conditions. A sophisticated measuring technique has been developed to characterize the non-linear behavior experimentally by using a Laser Doppler Vibrometer and a stepped-sine testing procedure. The theoretical approach is based on Donnell's non-linear shell theory (since the tested plates are very thin) but retaining in-plane inertia, taking into account the effect of geometric imperfections. A unified energy approach has been utilized to obtain the discretized non-linear equations of motion by using the linear natural modes of vibration. Moreover, a pseudo arc-length continuation and collocation scheme has been used to obtain the periodic solutions and perform bifurcation analysis. Comparisons between numerical simulations and the experiments show good qualitative and quantitative agreement. It is found that, in order to simulate large-amplitude vibrations, a damping value much larger than the linear modal damping should be considered. This indicates a very large and non-linear increase of damping with the increase of the excitation and vibration amplitude for plates and curved panels with different shape, boundary conditions and materials.     

Dynamic analysis of a dielectric elastomer-based microbeam resonator with large vibration amplitude

A non-linear vibration equation with the consideration of large amplitude, gas damping and excitation is developed to investigate the dynamic performance of a dielectric elastomer (DE)-based microbeam resonator. Approximate analytical solution for the vibration equation is obtained by applying parameterized perturbation method (PPM) and introducing a detuning variable. The analysis exhibits that active tuning of the resonant frequency of the resonator can be achieved through changing an applied electrical voltage. It is observed that increasing amplitude will increase the natural frequency while it will decrease the quality factor of the resonator. In addition, it is found that the initial pre-stretching stress and the ambient pressure can significantly alter the resonant frequency of the resonator. The analysis is envisaged to provide qualitative predictions and guidelines for design and application of DE-based micro resonators with large vibration amplitude.     

S型测力传感器的动态特性与标定

本文对 S 型测力传感器的动态特性进行了研究。采用模态分析测量技术,测定了传感器的固有频率、模态质量、模态刚度、模态阻尼和阻尼比,并以动画形式显示了其主振型.作出激振力与传感器应变片输出信号的传递函数幅频和相频特性曲线,可简便地确定传感器工作频率范围及相应的误差。     

Nonlinear Stiffness of a Magneto-Rheological Damper

The last decade has witnessed an important role of magneto-rheological dampers in the semi-active vibration control on the basis of empirical models. Those models established by fitting experimental data, however, do not offer any explicit expressions for the stiffness and the damping of magneto-rheological dampers. Hence, it is not easy for engineers to get any intuitive information about the effects of stiffness and damping of a magneto-rheological damper on the dynamic performance of a controlled system. To manifest the nonlinear properties of a magneto-rheological damper, this paper presents the hysteretic phenomena and the additional nonlinear stiffness of a typical magneto-rheological damper in terms of equivalent linear stiffness and equivalent linear damping. Then, it gives a brief discussion about the effect of nonlinear stiffness on the vibration control through the numerical simulations and an experiment for the semi-active suspension of a quarter car model with a magneto-rheological damper installed. Both numerical simulations and experimental results show that the additional nonlinear stiffness in the magneto-rheological damper is remarkable, and should be taken into consideration in the design of vibration control.