Weakly Koszul-like modules

The Koszul-like property for any finitely generated graded modules over a Koszul-like algebra is investigated and the notion of weakly Koszul-like module is introduced. We show that a finitely generated graded module M is a weakly Koszul-like module if and only if it can be approximated by Koszul-like graded submodules, which is equivalent to the fact that G(M) is a Koszul-like module, where G(M) denotes the associated graded module of M. As applications, the relationships between minimal graded projective resolutions of M and G(M), and Koszul-like submodules are established. Moreover, the Koszul dual of a weakly Koszul-like module is proved to be generated in degree 0 as a graded E(A)-module.     

Koszulity and Koszul modules of dual extension algebras

Let A and B be algebras, and let T be the dual extension algebra of A and B. We provide a different method to prove that T is Koszul if and only if both A and B are Koszul. Furthermore, we prove that an algebra is Koszul if and only if one of its iterated dual extension algebras is Koszul, if and only if all its iterated dual extension algebras are Koszul. Finally, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a dual extension algebra to have the property that all linearly presented modules are Koszul modules, which provides an effective way to construct algebras with such a property.     

Discrete Koszul Algebras

Discrete Koszul algebra, another extension of Koszul algebras, is introduced in this paper. The Yoneda algebra of a discrete Koszul algebra is investigated in detail. As an application, we give an answer to a question proposed by Green and Marcos (Commun Algebra 33:1753–1764, 2005). In particular, the relationship between discrete Koszul algebras and Koszul algebras is established. Further, we construct new discrete Koszul algebras from the given ones in terms of one-point extension.     

Stratified modules over an extension algebra

Let A be a standard Koszul standardly stratified algebra and X an A-module. The paper investigates conditions which imply that the module Ext* _A (X) over the Yoneda extension algebra A* is filtered by standard modules. In particular, we prove that the Yoneda extension algebra of A is also standardly stratified. This is a generalization of similar results on quasi-hereditary and on graded standardly stratified algebras.     

Piecewise-Koszul algebras

It is a small step toward the Koszul-type algebras.The piecewise-Koszul algebras are, in general,a new class of quadratic algebras but not the classical Koszul ones,simultaneously they agree with both the classical Koszul and higher Koszul algebras in special cases.We give a criteria theorem for a graded algebra A to be piecewise-Koszul in terms of its Yoneda-Ext algebra E(A),and show an A_∞-structure on E(A).Relations between Koszul algebras and piecewise-Koszul algebras are discussed.In particular,our results are related to the third question of Green-Marcos.     

Co-Point Modules Over Frobenius Koszul Algebras

Let A be a Frobenius Koszul algebra such that its Koszul dual A ^! is a quantum polynomial algebra. Co-point modules over A were defined as dual notion of point modules over A ^! with respect to the Koszul duality. In this article, we will see that various important functors between module categories over A used in representation theory of finite dimensional algebras send co-point modules to co-point modules. As a consequence, we will show that if (E, σ) is a geometric pair associated to A ^!, then the map σ:E → E is an automorphism of the point scheme E of A ^!, so that there is a bijection between isomorphism classes of left point modules over A ^! and those of right point modules over A ^!.     

Compact DG modules and Gorenstein DG algebras

When the base connected cochain DG algebra is cohomologically bounded, it is proved that the difference between the amplitude of a compact DG module and that of the DG algebra is just the projective dimension of that module. This yields the unboundedness of the cohomology of non-trivial regular DG algebras. When A is a regular DG algebra such that H(A) is a Koszul graded algebra, H(A) is proved to have the finite global dimension. And we give an example to illustrate that the global dimension of H(A) may be infinite, if the condition that H(A) is Koszul is weakened to the condition that A is a Koszul DG algebra. For a general regular DG algebra A, we give some equivalent conditions for the Gorensteiness. For a finite connected DG algebra A, we prove that D^c(A) and D^c(A ^op) admit Auslander-Reiten triangles if and only if A and A ^op are Gorenstein DG algebras. When A is a non-trivial regular DG algebra such that H(A) is locally finite, D^c(A) does not admit Auslander-Reiten triangles. We turn to study the existence of Auslander-Reiten triangles in D_lf^b(A) and D_lf^b (A ^op) instead, when A is a regular DG algebra. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10731070) and the Doctorate Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20060246003)     

DG Poisson algebra and its universal enveloping algebra

We introduce the notions of differential graded (DG) Poisson algebra and DG Poisson module. Let A be any DG Poisson algebra. We construct the universal enveloping algebra of A explicitly, which is denoted by A^ue. We show that A^ue has a natural DG algebra structure and it satisfies certain universal property. As a consequence of the universal property, it is proved that the category of DG Poisson modules over A is isomorphic to the category of DG modules over A^ue. Furthermore, we prove that the notion of universal enveloping algebra A^ue is well-behaved under opposite algebra and tensor product of DG Poisson algebras. Practical examples of DG Poisson algebras are given throughout the paper including those arising from differential geometry and homological algebra.     

Quasi-hereditary covers of higher zigzag algebras of type A

In this paper we define and study some quasi-hereditary covers for higher zigzag algebras of type A. We show how these algebras satisfy three different Koszul properties: they are Koszul in the classical sense, standard Koszul and Koszul with respect to the standard module Δ, according to the definition given in [24]. This last property gives rise to a well defined duality and we compute the Δ-Koszul dual as the path algebra of a quiver with relations.     

Additive Lie (ξ-Lie) Derivations and Generalized Lie (ξ-Lie) Derivations on Prime Algebras

The additive(generalized)ξ-Lie derivations on prime algebras are characterized. It is shown, under some suitable assumptions, that an additive map L is an additive generalized Lie derivation if and only if it is the sum of an additive generalized derivation and an additive map from the algebra into its center vanishing all commutators; is an additive(generalized)ξ-Lie derivation with ξ = 1 if and only if it is an additive(generalized)derivation satisfying L(ξA)= ξL(A)for all A. These results are then used to characterize additive(generalized)ξ-Lie derivations on several operator algebras such as Banach space standard operator algebras and von Neumman algebras.     

Pluriassociative algebras I: The pluriassociative operad

Diassociative algebras form a category of algebras recently introduced by Loday. A diassociative algebra is a vector space endowed with two associative binary operations satisfying some very natural relations. Any diassociative algebra is an algebra over the diassociative operad, and, among its most notable properties, this operad is the Koszul dual of the dendriform operad. We introduce here, by adopting the point of view and the tools offered by the theory of operads, a generalization on a nonnegative integer parameter γ of diassociative algebras, called γ-pluriassociative algebras, so that 1-pluriassociative algebras are diassociative algebras. Pluriassociative algebras are vector spaces endowed with 2γ associative binary operations satisfying some relations. We provide a complete study of the γ-pluriassociative operads, the underlying operads of the category of γ-pluriassociative algebras. We exhibit a realization of these operads, establish several presentations by generators and relations, compute their Hilbert series, show that they are Koszul, and construct the free objects in the corresponding categories. We also study several notions of units in γ-pluriassociative algebras and propose a general way to construct such algebras. This paper ends with the introduction of an analogous generalization of the triassociative operad of Loday and Ronco.     

Liftings of graded quasi-Hopf algebras with radical of prime codimension

Let p be a prime, and let RG(p) denote the set of equivalence classes of radically graded finite dimensional quasi-Hopf algebras over C, whose radical has codimension p. The purpose of this paper is to classify finite dimensional quasi-Hopf algebras A whose radical is a quasi-Hopf ideal and has codimension p; that is, A with gr(A) in RG(p), where gr(A) is the associated graded algebra taken with respect to the radical filtration on A. The main result of this paper is the following theorem: Let A be a finite dimensional quasi-Hopf algebra whose radical is a quasi-Hopf ideal of prime codimension p. Then either A is twist equivalent to a Hopf algebra, or it is twist equivalent to H(2), H_±(p), A(q), or H(32), constructed in [5] and [8]. Note that any finite tensor category whose simple objects are invertible and form a group of order p under tensor is the representation category of a quasi-Hopf algebra A as above. Thus this paper provides a classification of such categories.     

A Characterization of Stem Algebras in Terms of Central Derivations

Let L be a Lie algebra, and Der _z (L) denote the set of all central derivations of L, that is, the set of all derivations of L mapping L into the center. In this paper, by using the notion of isoclinism, we study the center of Der _z (L) for nilpotent Lie algebras with nilindex 2. We also give a characterization of stem Lie algebras by their central derivations. In fact we show that for non-abelian nilpotent Lie algebras of finite dimension and any nilpotent Lie algebra with nilindex 2 (not finite dimensional in general), Der _z (L) is abelian if and only if L is a stem Lie algebra.     

Koszul Algebras and Their Ideals

We study associative graded algebras that have a “complete flag” of cyclic modules with linear free resolutions, i.e., algebras over which there exist cyclic Koszul modules with any possible number of relations (from zero to the number of generators of the algebra). Commutative algebras with this property were studied in several papers by Conca and others. Here we present a noncommutative version of their construction.We introduce and study the notion of Koszul filtration in a noncommutative algebra and examine its connections with Koszul algebras and algebras with quadratic Grobner bases. We consider several examples, including monomial algebras, initially Koszul algebras, generic algebras, and algebras with one quadratic relation. It is shown that every algebra with a Koszul filtration has a rational Hilbert series.__________Translated from Funktsional’nyi Analiz i Ego Prilozheniya, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 47–60, 2005Original Russian Text Copyright © by D. I. PiontkovskiiSupported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basis Research under project 02-01-00468.     

An Algebraic Framework for Group Duality

A Hopf algebra is a pair (A, Δ) whereAis an associative algebra with identity andΔa homomorphism formAtoA⊗Asatisfying certain conditions. If we drop the assumption thatAhas an identity and if we allowΔto have values in the so-called multiplier algebraM(A⊗A), we get a natural extension of the notion of a Hopf algebra. We call this a multiplier Hopf algebra. The motivating example is the algebra of complex functions with finite support on a group with the comultiplication defined as dual to the product in the group. Also for these multiplier Hopf algebras, there is a natural notion of left and right invariance for linear functionals (called integrals in Hopf algebra theory). We show that, if such invariant functionals exist, they are unique (up to a scalar) and faithful. For a regular multiplier Hopf algebra (A, Δ) (i.e., with invertible antipode) with invariant functionals, we construct, in a canonical way, the dual (Â, Δ). It is again a regular multiplier Hopf algebra with invariant functionals. It is also shown that the dual of (Â, Δ) is canonically isomorphic with the original multiplier Hopf algebra (A, Δ). It is possible to generalize many aspects of abstract harmonic analysis here. One can define the Fourier transform; one can prove Plancherel's formula. Because any finite-dimensional Hopf algebra is a regular multiplier Hopf algebra and has invariant functionals, our duality theorem applies to all finite-dimensional Hopf algebras. Then it coincides with the usual duality for such Hopf algebras. But our category of multiplier Hopf algebras also includes, in a certain way, the discrete (quantum) groups and the compact (quantum) groups. Our duality includes the duality between discrete quantum groups and compact quantum groups. In particular, it includes the duality between compact abelian groups and discrete abelian groups. One of the nice features of our theory is that we have an extension of this duality to the non-abelian case, but within one category. This is shown in the last section of our paper where we introduce the algebras of compact type and the algebras of discrete type. We prove that also these are dual to each other. We treat an example that is sufficiently general to illustrate most of the different features of our theory. It is also possible to construct the quantum double of Drinfel'd within this category. This provides a still wider class of examples. So, we obtain many more than just the compact and discrete quantum within this setting.     

Almost Primitive Elements of Free lie Algebras of Small Ranks

Let K be a field, X = {x1, . . . , xn}, and let L(X) be the free Lie algebra over K with the set X of free generators. A. G. Kurosh proved that subalgebras of free nonassociative algebras are free, A. I. Shirshov proved that subalgebras of free Lie algebras are free. A subset M of nonzero elements of the free Lie algebra L(X) is said to be primitive if there is a set Y of free generators of L(X), L(X) = L(Y ), such that M ? Y (in this case we have |Y | = |X| = n). Matrix criteria for a subset of elements of free Lie algebras to be primitive and algorithms to construct complements of primitive subsets of elements with respect to sets of free generators have been constructed. A nonzero element u of the free Lie algebra L(X) is said to be almost primitive if u is not a primitive element of the algebra L(X), but u is a primitive element of any proper subalgebra of L(X) that contains it. A series of almost primitive elements of free Lie algebras has been constructed. In this paper, for free Lie algebras of rank 2 criteria for homogeneous elements to be almost primitive are obtained and algorithms to recognize homogeneous almost primitive elements are constructed.     

A family of Koszul algebras arising from finite-dimensional representations of simple Lie algebras

Let g be a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra and let Sg be the locally finite part of the algebra of invariants (EndCV⊗Sg(g)) where V is the direct sum of all simple finite-dimensional modules for g and S(g) is the symmetric algebra of g. Given an integral weight ξ, let Ψ=Ψ(ξ) be the subset of roots which have maximal scalar product with ξ. Given a dominant integral weight λ and ξ such that Ψ is a subset of the positive roots we construct a finite-dimensional subalgebra of Sg and prove that the algebra is Koszul of global dimension at most the cardinality of Ψ. Using this we construct naturally an infinite-dimensional non-commutative Koszul algebra of global dimension equal to the cardinality of Ψ. The results and the methods are motivated by the study of the category of finite-dimensional representations of the affine and quantum affine algebras.     

Homomorphisms of unary algebras with a given quotient

For a unary algebraA with2 fundamental operations, letH(A) denote the class of all unary algebras that have a homomorphisrn intoA, and let the classQ(A) consist of all algebras havingA as one of their quotients. IfA is freely indecomposable then H(A) andQ(A) are shown to be categorically universal if and only if either class contains a rigid algebra; this, in turn, is equivalent to the absence of homomorphisms fromA into a free algebra.Presented by Ralph McKenzie.The support of the NSERC is gratefully acknowledged.     

Characteristic Modules of Dual Extensions and Groebner Bases

Let C be a finite dimensional directed algebra over an algebraically closed field k and A=A(C) the dual extension of C. The characteristic modules of A are constructed explicitly for a class of directed algebras, which generalizes the results of Xi. Furthermore, it is shown that the characteristic modules of dual extensions of a certain class of directed algebras admit the left Groebner basis theory in the sense of E. L. Green.     

Pluriassociative algebras II: The polydendriform operad and related operads

Dendriform algebras form a category of algebras recently introduced by Loday. A dendriform algebra is a vector space endowed with two nonassociative binary operations satisfying some relations. Any dendriform algebra is an algebra over the dendriform operad, the Koszul dual of the diassociative operad. We introduce here, by adopting the point of view and the tools offered by the theory of operads, a generalization on a nonnegative integer parameter γ of dendriform algebras, called γ-polydendriform algebras, so that 1-polydendriform algebras are dendriform algebras. For that, we consider the operads obtained as the Koszul duals of the γ-pluriassociative operads introduced by the author in a previous work. In the same manner as dendriform algebras are suitable devices to split associative operations into two parts, γ-polydendriform algebras seem adapted structures to split associative operations into 2γ operation so that some partial sums of these operations are associative. We provide a complete study of the γ-polydendriform operads, the underlying operads of the category of γ-polydendriform algebras. We exhibit several presentations by generators and relations, compute their Hilbert series, and construct free objects in the corresponding categories. We also provide consistent generalizations on a nonnegative integer parameter of the duplicial, triassociative and tridendriform operads, and of some operads of the operadic butterfly.