基于1H-苯并咪唑-2-羧酸的三个镧系超分子化合物的结构、热分解动力学和荧光性质

在水热条件下合成了三个镧系超分子化合物[Ln(HBIC)₃]_n [Ln=Sm (1), Ho (2), Yb (3); H₂BIC=1H-苯并咪唑-2-羧酸], 其中化合物1、2呈单晶态, 化合物3则为粉末样品; 借助单晶X射线衍射(XRD)、粉末衍射、元素分析、红外(IR)光谱、热分析等手段对化合物进行了表征. 结构分析表明, 1-3为同构化合物, 都呈现二维的平面结构, 其中每一个镧系金属中心与来自五个HBIC^-配体的三个氮原子和五个氧原子以两种新的配位模式配位形成一个轻微扭曲的双帽三棱柱几何构型, 相邻的二维(2D)平面进一步通过强的氢键作用形成了一个三维(3D)的超分子结构. 热重分析结果表明, 化合物1-3在360 ℃前均保持稳定, 呈现出良好的热稳定性. 基于Kissinger和Ozawa-Doyle两种方法, 通过差示扫描量热(DSC)技术研究得到了化合物1热分解的动力学参数(指前因子A_K=1.286×10⁸ s^-1; 活化能E_K=199.3 kJ·mol^-1, E_O=205.2 kJ·mol^-1). 另外, 也研究了室温下化合物1和3的固态发光性能, 结果表明, 化合物1和3分别在可见光区和近红外光区呈现出相应镧系金属离子的特征发射.     

羧酸桥联的四核镧系簇合物的磁热效应和慢磁弛豫

在水热条件下,通过使用羧酸和螯合配体得到了一个系列的四核镧系簇合物,即[Ln₄(mnba)₁₂(tzp)₂(H₂O)₂](Ln=Gd(1),Tb(2),Er(3);Hmnba=间硝基苯甲酸;tzp=2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶))。这3个化合物是同构的,且具有线性的四核簇结构。磁性研究表明,化合物1和3中簇内镧系离子之间是弱铁磁耦合的,但化合物2中铽离子之间是弱的反铁磁相互作用和(或)铽离子激发的斯塔克能级的去布居。化合物1具有较大的磁热效应(-ΔS_m^max=20.6 J·kg^-1·k^-1)。交流磁化率测试表明化合物3展现出频率和温度依赖的虚部信号,这是慢磁弛豫的典型特征,原因是铒离子的强各向异性和铁磁耦合的存在。     

羧酸桥联的四核镧系簇合物的磁热效应和慢磁弛豫

在水热条件下,通过使用羧酸和螯合配体得到了一个系列的四核镧系簇合物,即[Ln₄(mnba)₁₂(tzp)₂(H₂O)₂](Ln=Gd(1),Tb(2),Er(3);Hmnba=间硝基苯甲酸;tzp=2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶))。这3个化合物是同构的,且具有线性的四核簇结构。磁性研究表明,化合物1和3中簇内镧系离子之间是弱铁磁耦合的,但化合物2中铽离子之间是弱的反铁磁相互作用和(或)铽离子激发的斯塔克能级的去布居。化合物1具有较大的磁热效应(-ΔS_m^max=20.6J·kg^-1·K^-1)。交流磁化率测试表明化合物3展现出频率和温度依赖的虚部信号,这是慢磁弛豫的典型特征,原因是铒离子的强各向异性和铁磁耦合的存在。     

镧系元素(La、Tb、Dy)的喹啉氧基乙酰胺配合物的结构及荧光性质

合成并通过单晶衍射表征了3个稀土配合物[LaL₂(NO₃)₃]·CH₃CN(1),[Ln(L)(NO₃)₃(H₂O)](Ln=Tb (2), Dy (3), L=N-苯基-2-(5-氯-8-喹啉氧基)乙酰胺)。在配合物1中,十二配位的La(Ⅲ)离子采取扭曲的二十面体配位构型,分别与来自2个酰胺配体L的4个氧原子和2个氮原子,及3个双齿配位硝酸根配位。配合物2和3的结构与拥有相同有机配体的Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd和Er配合物同构。在每个配合物中,十配位的稀土离子与来自1个配体L的2个氧原子和1个氮原子,3个双齿配位硝酸根和1个水分子配位,拥有扭曲的双帽四方反棱柱配位构型。固态配合物2和3在可见区发射强荧光。     

镧系元素(La、Tb、Dy)的喹啉氧基乙酰胺配合物的结构及荧光性质

合成并通过单晶衍射表征了3个稀土配合物[LaL₂(NO₃)₃]·CH₃CN(1),[Ln(L)(NO₃)₃(H₂O)](Ln=Tb(2),Dy(3),L=N-苯基-2-(5-氯-8-喹啉氧基)乙酰胺)。在配合物1中,十二配位的La(Ⅲ)离子采取扭曲的二十面体配位构型,分别与来自2个酰胺配体L的4个氧原子和2个氮原子,及3个双齿配位硝酸根配位。配合物2和3的结构与拥有相同有机配体的Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd和Er配合物同构。在每个配合物中,十配位的稀土离子与来自1个配体L的2个氧原子和1个氮原子,3个双齿配位硝酸根和1个水分子配位,拥有扭曲的双帽四方反棱柱配位构型。固态配合物2和3在可见区发射强荧光。     

溶剂对镓Corrole光谱性质的影响

合成了一系列周边取代的Corrole(1, 2, 3, 4)及其镓配合物1-Ga(Py)、2-Ga(Py)、3-Ga(Py)、4-Ga(Py),通过核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR), 紫外-可见光谱, 电喷雾离子质谱(ESI-MS)的方法对其进行了表征. 研究了不同溶剂对这一系列自由Corrole 及镓Corrole 的紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱, 稳态荧光和时间分辨荧光光谱, 将获得的荧光衰减动力学曲线采用单指数拟合并进行解卷积处理获得荧光的寿命值. 非（弱)极性溶剂对镓Corrole 紫外光谱的影响服从Bayliss 方程, 且镓Corrole 非辐射能量损失hc(ν¹_A-ν_F)与F(n)呈线性相关.     

含氮氧自由基的Gd,Tb,Dy配合物的合成、结构及磁性

合成了一个新颖的氮氧自由基配体,并用该配体合成了3例未见文献报道的氮氧自由基-稀土三自旋单核配合物Ln(hfac)₃(NIT-Ph-4-OCHCH₃CH₃)₂(Ln=Gd(1), Tb(2), Dy(3); hfac=六氟乙酰丙酮; NIT-Ph-4-OCHCH₃CH₃=4,4,5,5-四甲基-2-(4'-异丙氧基苯基)-咪唑啉-3-氧化-1-氧基自由基)。单晶结构分析表明配合物1、2、3拥有相似的自由基-稀土-自由基单核结构。对配合物的磁性测试结果表明自由基与稀土之间存在着铁磁相互作用。自由基与自由基之间存在着反铁磁相互作用。     

α-二亚胺钴配合物催化1,3-丁二烯高活性与高顺式-1,4选择性聚合

合成了一系列α-二亚胺钴配合物[ArN=C(Me)-(Me)C=NAr]CoCl₂(Ar=C₆H₅, 3a; 4-MeC₆H₄, 3b; 4-MeOC₆H₄, 3c; 4-FC₆H₄, 3d; 4-ClC₆H₄, 3e; 2-MeC₆H₄, 3f; 2-EtC₆H₄, 3g; 2-ⁱPrC₆H₄, 3h; 2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂, 3i; 2,6-Et₂C₆H₃, 3j; 2,6-ⁱPrC₆H₃, 3k)和作为对比的吡啶双亚胺二氯化钴配合物(4a), 并用X射线单晶衍射方法研究了配合物3i, 3k和4a的分子结构. α-二亚胺钴配合物在倍半乙基氯化铝的作用下对丁二烯聚合有较高的催化活性,得到的顺式-1,4结构含量达98%,且有较高分子量(M_n≈1×10⁴-1×10⁵)的聚丁二烯. 配体的电子效应影响催化剂的活性及顺式-1,4选择性, 而配体的空间位阻对丁二烯聚合几乎没有影响. 详细研究了聚合时间、聚合温度、烷基铝助催化剂及铝比等条件对丁二烯聚合行为的影响.     

Mn(II)配合物的晶体结构及表面光电性能

采用水热法合成3个新的Mn(II)配合物[Mn(SO₄)(H₂O)₃]_n (1), [Mn2.5(HPO₄)(PO₄)(H₂O)₂]_n (2), [Mn(phen)₂(H₂O)₂]·(C₄H₄O₄)·4H₂O (3) (phen=1,10-邻二氮杂菲). 用X射线单晶衍射、表面光电压光谱(SPS)、红外光谱(IR)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、电子顺磁共振谱(EPR)对配合物进行了表征. 结构解析表明: 配合物1是具有2D结构的配合物, 氢键将其连接成3D超分子; 配合物2是具有3D无限结构的配合物; 配合物3是单核配合物, 再由多种氢键连接, 形成3D超分子. SPS结果表明, 3个配合物在300-800 nm范围内都呈现明显的光伏响应, 表明它们均具有一定的光-电转换性能. 讨论了配合物结构, 空间维度和中心金属离子配位环境的不同对配合物表面光电性能的影响以及SPS与UV-Vis的关联: 配合物的结构维度越高、规则性越好, SPS响应强度越大; 中心金属离子的直接配位原子种类的不同、所处外晶场的强弱不同, SPS响应带的数目和位置明显不同.     

萘咪唑类稀土配合物的晶体结构和荧光性质

通过2-（2''-羟基-3''-甲氧基）萘咪唑（HL）和Ln（NO）₃·6H₂O反应,合成了4种单核稀土配合物[Ln（HL）₂（NO₃）₃]·CH₂Cl₂（Ln=Sm（1）,Eu（2）,Tb（3））和[Ln（HL）₂（NO₃）₂（CH₃OH）]NO₃·CH₃OH（Ln=Yb（4））。X射线单晶衍射分析表明配合物1~4均通过配体萘环间的π-π作用呈现蝴蝶状结构。荧光性质表明仅有配合物4显示Yb³⁺稀土离子的特征发光,固态和在乙腈溶液中的荧光寿命分别为8.27 μs和4.40 μs。     

Lanthanide(III) (Eu,Gd, Tb,Dy) Complexes Derived from 4‐(Pyridin‐2‐yl)methyleneamino‐1,2,4‐triazole: Crystal Structure,Magnetic Properties,and Photoluminescence

The reaction of lanthanide(III) nitrates with 4‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)methyleneamino‐1,2,4‐triazole (L) was studied. The compounds [Ln(NO₃)₃(H₂O)₃] ? 2 L, in which Ln=Eu ( 1 ), Gd ( 2 ), Tb ( 3 ), or Dy ( 4 ), obtained in a mixture of MeCN/EtOH have the same structure, as shown by XRD. In the crystals of these compounds, the mononuclear complex units [Ln(NO₃)₃(H₂O)₃] are linked to L molecules through intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions to form a 2D polymeric supramolecular architecture. An investigation into the optical characteristics of the Eu³⁺‐, Tb³⁺‐, and Dy³⁺‐containing compounds ( 1 , 3 , and 4 ) showed that these complexes displayed metal‐centered luminescence. According to magnetic measurements, compound 4 exhibits single‐ion magnet behavior, with ΔE_eff/k_B=86 K in a field of 1500 Oe.     

Triphenylphosphane Oxide Complexes of Lanthanide Nitrates: Polymorphs and Photophysics

A series of mer‐[Ln(NO₃)₃(Ph₃PO)₃] complexes were prepared from Ln(NO₃)₃ · xH₂O and Ph₃PO in chloroform (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Er). The La and Nd complexes were 0.25 CHCl₃ solvates, whereas the others were solvent‐free. The identical reaction using Yb(NO₃)₃ · xH₂O produced the unique salt trans‐[Yb(NO₃)₂(Ph₃PO)₄][Yb(NO₃)₄(Ph₃PO)] · Et₂O. All nitrate ions in all complexes are η²‐chelating. A comparison of the various [Ln(NO₃)₃(Ph₃PO)₃] structures, including those in the literature, reveals at least four common polymorphs, each of which is represented by isomorphic structures of multiple Ln ions. Luminescence of mer‐[Ln(NO₃)₃(Ph₃PO)₃] (Ln = Y, La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, and Dy), trans‐[Yb(NO₃)₂(Ph₃PO)₄][Yb(NO₃)₄(Ph₃PO)] and Ph₃PO assignments are reported. Latva's empirical rule allows for the antenna effect, in which energy is transferred from the triplet state of the Ph₃PO ligand, to occur only for Tb³⁺. Excitation via Ph₃PO results in strong green luminescence for Tb³⁺ having twice the intensity as that which results from direct excitation of the f‐f transitions.     

Synthesis,structures, and urease inhibition of nickel(II), zinc(II), and cobalt(II) complexes with similar hydroxy-rich Schiff bases

Four new nickel(II), zinc(II), and cobalt(II) complexes, [Zn(L¹)₂]?·?H₂O (1), [Ni(L¹)₂]?·?H₂O (2), [Ni(L²)₂] (3), and [Co(L³)₂]?·?H₂O (4), derived from hydroxy-rich Schiff bases 2-{[1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol (HL¹), 2-{[1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (HL²), and 2-{[1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol (HL³) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray determination. Each metal in the complexes is six-coordinate in a distorted octahedral coordination. The Schiff bases coordinate to the metal atoms through the imino N, phenolate O, and one hydroxyl O. In the crystal structures of HL¹ and the complexes, molecules are linked through intermolecular O–H···O hydrogen bonds, forming 1-D chains. The urease inhibitory activities of the compounds were evaluated and molecular docking study of the compounds with the Helicobacter pylori urease was performed.     

Fluorescent UO2(II) and ZrO(II) complexes: Synthesis,structural characterization,fluorescence, DNA binding studies and biological applications in cell probing

A new series of UO2(II) and ZrO(II) azo‐complexes based on 5‐nitro‐8‐hydroxyquinoline; [UO₂(H₂L¹)(NO₃)EtOH] (1), [ZrO(H₂L¹)(NO₃)H₂O] (2), [UO₂(HL²)(NO₃)EtOH]3H₂O (3), [ZrO(HL²)(NO₃)EtOH] (4), [UO₂(HL³)(NO₃)(H₂O)₃]2H₂O (5) and [ZrO(HL³)(NO₃)EtOH] (6); have been synthesized. The structure of these complexes has been characterized using elemental analysis, thermal analysis, molar conductance, UV–vis, IR, electron impact mass, X‐ray powder diffraction and NMR spectra. The results revealed the formation of non‐electrolyte mononuclear complexes via the N atom of the azo group or of the quinoline ring and the oxygen atom of the deprotonated OH. Fluorescence properties of the synthesized complexes have been examined and the fluorescence quantum yield (Φ_f) has been determined. The complexes have been tested as cell staining and imaging under the fluorescent microscope. The data showed that complexes 1 and 2 efficiently stain the nuclei in addition to some focal cytoplasmic areas. Other than complexes 3 and 4 exclusively stained the nuclei. On the other hand, complexes 5 and 6 stained the cytoplasm exclusively. It has been demonstrated that complex 4 was the most effective in cell staining. The binding constant (Kb) with DNA was calculated using UV–vis absorption titration and fluorescence spectral methods. It was concluded that complex 4 can be used effectively as fluorescent probes in studying cell biology.     

Synthesis,Structures, and Luminescent Properties of Chloride and Nitrate LnIII Complexes Coordinated by tris(Pyrazolyl)methane

We report the synthesis of Ln³⁺ nitrate [Ln(Tpm)(NO₃)₃] ⋅ MeCN (Ln=Yb ( 1Yb ), Eu ( 1Eu )) and chloride [Yb(Tpm)Cl₃] ⋅ 2MeCN ( 2Yb ), [Eu(Tpm)Cl₂(μ-Cl)]₂ ( 2Eu ) complexes coordinated by neutral tripodal tris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)methane (Tpm). The crystal structures of 1Ln and 2Ln were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction, while for 1Yb high resolution experiment was performed. Nitrate complexes 1Ln are isomorphous and both adopt mononuclear structure. Chloride 2Yb is monomeric, while Eu³⁺ analogue 2Eu adopts a binuclear structure due to two μ²-bridging chloride ligands. The typical lanthanide luminescence was observed for europium complexes ( 1Eu and 2Eu ) as well as for terbium and dysprosium analogues ([Ln(Tpm)(NO₃)₃] ⋅ MeCN, Ln=Tb ( 1Tb ), Dy ( 1Dy ); [Ln(Tpm)Cl₃] ⋅ 2MeCN, Ln=Tb ( 2Tb ), Dy ( 2Dy )).     

Gamma-ray induced decomposition of double nitrates of lanthanides with univalent and divalent cations

Double nitrates of Na and K having the composition 2M^INO₃·Ln^III(NO₃)₃·2H₂O(Ln^III=Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy) and of Ni and Cu with the composition 3M^II(NO₃)₂·2Ln^III(NO₃)₃·24H₂O (Ln^III=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy) have been prepared and their -radiolytic decomposition studied up to 500 kGy. G(NO ₂ ^– ) values of K double nitrates at 230 kGy follow the order Dy³⁺>Pr³⁺=Nd³⁺=Sm³⁺>Tb³⁺>Eu³⁺> Gd³⁺·G(NO ₂ ³⁺ ) for NI double nitrates are higher than those of Cu double nitrates. Variation of G(NO ₂ ^– ) with cationic radii and the number of f electrons in lanthanide ion show a minimum at Eu. Thermal decomposition studies of double nitrates were also carried out.     

Mono- and Mixed Metal Complexes of Eu3+, Gd3+, and Tb3+ with a Diketone,Bearing Pyrazole Moiety and CHF2-Group: Structure,Color Tuning,and Kinetics of Energy Transfer between Lanthanide Ions

Three novel lanthanide complexes with the ligand 4,4-difluoro-1-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)butane-1,3-dione (HL), namely [LnL₃(H₂O)₂], Ln = Eu, Gd and Tb, were synthesized, and, according to single-crystal X-ray diffraction, are isostructural. The photoluminescent properties of these compounds, as well as of three series of mixed metal complexes [Eu_xTb_1-xL₃(H₂O)₂] (Eu_xTb_1-xL₃), [EuxGd_1-xL₃(H₂O)₂] (Eu_xGd_1-xL₃), and [Gd_xTb_1-xL₃(H₂O)₂] (Gd_xTb_1-xL₃), were studied. The Eu_xTb_1-xL₃ complexes exhibit the simultaneous emission of both Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions, and the luminescence color rapidly changes from green to red upon introducing even a small fraction of Eu³⁺. A detailed analysis of the luminescence decay made it possible to determine the observed radiative lifetimes of Tb³⁺ and Eu³⁺ and estimate the rate of excitation energy transfer between these ions. For this task, a simple approximation function was proposed. The values of the energy transfer rates determined independently from the luminescence decays of terbium(III) and europium(III) ions show a good correlation.     

Complexes of Eu(III), Tb(III) and Cu(II) with proton transfer compound between 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and 2-aminobenzothiazole: characterization of the structures and physical properties

A proton transfer compound, (ABTH)⁺(PydcH)^? (1), obtained from 2-aminobenzothiazole (ABT) and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (Pydc) as well as its Eu(III), Tb(III), and Cu(II) complexes (ABT)₃[Eu(Pydc)₃]·5H₂O (2), (ABT)₃[Tb(Pydc)₃]·5H₂O (3), and (ABT)[Cu(Pydc)(PydcH)]·3H₂O (4) were obtained under ambient conditions and structurally verified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and magnetic measurements. Compounds 2–4 are the first known solids containing complex anions with Pydc ligands, 2-aminobenzothiazole cations (ABT), and solvate water molecules. During the synthesis of 3, a secondary phase with the formula ABTCl?H₂O was obtained and characterized by elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The asymmetric unit of 5 consists of six symmetry independent ABT cations, six chlorides, and six water molecules. The two lanthanide complexes showed characteristic emissions of Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions. The good solubilities of these complexes in water and their luminescence properties make them attractive luminescent labels of biological molecules.     

2,2′‐Bipyrimidine as Efficient Sensitizer of the Solid‐State Luminescence of Lanthanide and Uranyl Ions from Visible to Near‐Infrared

Treatment of Ln(NO₃)₃?nH₂O with 1 or 2 equiv 2,2′‐bipyrimidine (BPM) in dry THF readily afforded the monometallic complexes [Ln(NO₃)₃(bpm)₂] (Ln=Eu, Gd, Dy, Tm) or [Ln(NO₃)₃(bpm)₂]?THF (Ln=Eu, Tb, Er, Yb) after recrystallization from MeOH or THF, respectively. Reactions with nitrate salts of the larger lanthanide ions (Ln=Ce, Nd, Sm) yielded one of two distinct monometallic complexes, depending on the recrystallization solvent: [Ln(NO₃)₃(bpm)₂]?THF (Ln=Nd, Sm) from THF, or [Ln(NO₃)₃(bpm)(MeOH)₂]?MeOH (Ln=Ce, Nd, Sm) from MeOH. Treatment of UO₂(NO₃)₂?6H₂O with 1 equiv BPM in THF afforded the monoadduct [UO₂(NO₃)₂(bpm)] after recrystallization from MeOH. The complexes were characterized by their crystal structure. Solid‐state luminescence measurements on these monometallic complexes showed that BPM is an efficient sensitizer of the luminescence of both the lanthanide and the uranyl ions emitting visible light, as well as of the Yb^III ion emitting in the near‐IR. For Tb, Dy, Eu, and Yb complexes, energy transfer was quite efficient, resulting in quantum yields of 80.0, 5.1, 70.0, and 0.8 %, respectively. All these complexes in the solid state were stable in air.     

Three Lanthanide Metal‐Organic Frameworks Based on an Ether‐Decorated Polycarboxylic Acid Linker: Luminescence Modulation,CO2 Capture and Conversion Properties

Three new isostructural 3D lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (Ln‐MOFs), {H[LnL(H₂O)]?2 H₂O}_n ( 1‐Ln ) (Ln=Eu³⁺, Gd³⁺ and Tb³⁺), based on infinite lanthanide‐carboxylate chains were constructed by employing an ether‐separated 5,5′‐oxydiisophthalic acid (H₄L) ligand under solvothermal reaction. 1‐Eu and 1‐Tb exhibit strong red and green emission, respectively, through the antenna effect, as demonstrated through a combination of calculation and experimental results. Moreover, a series of dichromatic doped 1‐Eu_xTb_y MOFs were fabricated by introducing different concentrations of Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions, and they display an unusual variation of luminescent colors from green, yellow, orange to red. 1‐Eu with channels decorated by ether O atoms and the open metal sites displays good performance for CO₂ capture and conversion between CO₂ and epoxides into cyclic carbonates.