FTIR与13C NMR研究丁戊共聚物的微观结构及序列分布

采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析了丁戊共聚物的微观结构,发现采用磷酸酯钕体系得到的丁戊共聚物组成不同,其聚丁二烯链节的顺式-1,4含量为93.1％～97.7％,聚异戊二烯链节的顺式-1,4含量为97.0％～ 97.5％.采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试了丁戊共聚物的玻璃化转变温度,发现丁戊共聚物具有良好的耐低温性能,其玻璃化转变温度随着异戊二烯含量的增加而提高,稍偏离Fox方程,经修正得到的公式为Tg=1.03TgIWI+TgBWB.采用Kelen-Tudos法计算得到丁二烯和异戊二烯的竞聚率分别为1.21和0.73,二者乘积接近于1,表明丁戊共聚物为无规结构.利用碳核磁谱(13C NMR)对丁戊共聚物进行分析,对其二元序列进行了归属,计算得到丁戊共聚物的二元序列浓度以及聚丁二烯链节和聚异戊二烯链节的数均序列长度;采用Bernoullian模型和Markov模型验证了丁戊共聚物的序列分布,发现其序列分布更符合Markov模型,表明磷酸酯钕体系催化丁戊共聚合时,活性链有末端效应.     

异戊二烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的裂解色谱分析

]本文用裂解色谱(PGC)、裂解-色谱质谱(PY-GC/MS)和裂解质谱(PY/MS)等方法对异戊二烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物进行了裂解研究,分离鉴定了主要裂解产物,检测出了特征裂解产物——杂二聚体和杂三聚体,以及异戊二烯的三聚体。考察了某些主要裂解产物同无规共聚物的组分含量和裂解温度之间的变化关系。建立了用裂解色谱鉴别不同共聚物和均聚混合物以及分析无规共聚物组分含量的方法。定量方法的精确度为相对标准偏差小于2％。对用均聚混合物作标样的定量可能性进行了探讨。     

铁体系催化丁二烯聚合的研究—Ⅳ.聚丁二烯的序列结构

在聚合温度为-30°～50°范围内,用FeCl₃-(i-C₄H₉)₃Al-phen催化体系合成出(顺1,4-1,2)等二元聚丁二烯,用臭氧解和¹³C-NMR方法研究了它们的序列结构。结果表明,这些聚合物的顺-1,4和1,2-链节都是非交替的。聚合温度高的样品比较接近Bernou-lli无规分布,而聚合温度低的样品的序列排布偏离无规分布。讨论了聚合机理。     

环化顺1,4丁二烯异戊二烯无规共聚物的表征

<正> 已知,聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯等1,3-双烯聚合物可在路易斯酸催化剂作用下按阳离子型机理进行分子内环化反应,所得“环化橡胶”,做为可光敏固化的新材料,在光刻胶、光保护膜、胶粘剂等方面得到广泛应用。文献还表明,环化顺1,4聚双烯产物比环化其它结构的聚双烯产物具更好的使用性能。鉴于合成高分子材料中共聚物往往较均聚物呈现     

高顺式-1,4-立构规整丁戊橡胶的合成与性能研究

采用非茂PNP型稀土钇催化剂1催化丁二烯和异戊二烯无规共聚合,制备出了异戊二烯摩尔含量为11％～53％,高顺式-1,4-立构规整的丁戊橡胶.通过1H NMR、13C NMR和GPC对所得共聚合的微观结构、立构规整性以及分子量及其分布进行了表征分析.采用密炼、开炼两步法将该系列丁戊橡胶与炭黑、各种助剂进行混炼和硫化成型....     

顺-1,4-聚丁二烯的工艺性质——Ⅰ.钛盐催化聚合顺-1,4-聚丁二烯的性质

研究了用钛盐催化剂制备而具有不同分子量的顺-1,4-聚丁二烯的性貭。 各种具有不同分子量的顺-1,4-聚丁二烯生胶的性貭很相似:(1)凝胶含量低于1％,(2)玻璃化温度在—110至—114℃之间,(3)顺-1,4结构含量在93至97％(表1A)。但门尼粘度则随[η]值而激增(图1)。从生胶的应力-应变曲线可见各种顺-1,4-聚丁二烯样品在拉伸时并没有结晶现象(图2)。 顺-1,4-聚丁二烯在滚筒上的加工性能对配炼温度极敏感。在25℃,40℃和60℃滚筒温度下的加炭黑配炼试验中,发现唯有在25℃下配炼才得到光滑的混合物,由此可制得抗张强度超过200公斤/厘米~2的硫化物中,如果配炼系在40℃或60℃下进行,则顺-1,4-聚丁二烯趋向于破碎(图4),得不到光滑的混合物,由此而制得的硫化物丧失抗张强度(图3)。 根据下列试验结果:(1)将顺-1,4-聚丁二烯分别在25℃,40℃和60℃下进行素炼,在素炼过程中都不产生疑胶,无明显的降解(图6),又素炼后链节结构并无变化(表3);(2)温度对滚炼的影响是可逆的(表4)。我们认为,在40℃或60℃下配炼得到的硫化物之所以丧失抗张强度可能由于炭黑没有均匀分散。从合炭黑硫化物断面的显微镜照片亦可看到在25℃下配炼的硫化物确不同于在40℃和60℃下配炼者(图5A)。 当含炭黑硫化物的定伸强度(M_(300％))超过60公斤/厘米~2     

1,4—戊二烯与碳五烃及溶剂间的汽液平衡

用流动汽液平衡釜测定了如下四个二元体系三个三元体系在0,12,22℃下的汽液平衡: ①1,4-戊二烯(1)与异戊二烯(2);②1,4-戊二烯(1)与2-甲基丁烯-2(2);③1,4-戊二烯(1)与正戊烷(2);④1,4-戊二烯(1)与乙腈(2);⑤1,4-戊二烯(1)与异戊二烯(2)及乙腈(3);⑥1,4-戊二烯(1)与异戊二烯(2)及DMF(3);⑦1,4-戊二烯(1)与异戊二烯(2)及NMP(3)。四个二元体系平衡数据均通过热力学一致性检验。用Wilson方程关联二元数据,汽相摩尔组成平均偏差△y<0.01,对三元体系数据进行推算△y<0.02。用汽液色谱测定了1,4-戊二烯在NMP、DMF及乙腈溶剂中不同温度下的无限稀释活度系数(z~∞),相对挥发度(α~∞)及选择性(S~∞),得到了1,4-戊二烯在上述三种溶剂中的溶解焓和混合焓。结果表明,NMP对1,4-戊二烯和异戊二烯的分离能力最佳。     

裂解色谱法(PGC)分析聚丁二烯分子链结构

近年来热裂解色谱法(PGC)发展不断完善,已成为高分子结构分析的有力手段。利用PGC法对聚丁二烯分子链结构的研究已有很多报导。庄野曾提出用VCH/BD(克分子比)表征聚丁二烯分子链中1,4-结构的含量;Perry通过对1,2-和1,4-结构的聚丁二烯热裂解反应研究,建议用C_2/BD表征聚丁二烯分子链中1,2/1,4结构克分子比。但由于方法的     

聚合物载体-稀土金属络合物的表征及其催化聚合共轭双烯的活性

本文采用含一定量功能团的直链碳氢共聚物作为载体,如苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(SAAC),苯乙烯-2-(甲基亚硫酰基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物(SMC)。介绍了这类聚合物载体-稀土金属络合物的合成方法,讨论了它们的红外光谱。聚合物载体-钕络合物催化剂具有很高的催化活性和定向效应.SAAC·Nd 三元体系的催化效率高达170kg聚丁二烯/gNd·小时,SMC·NdCl_3 二元体系的催化效率是小分子氯化钕二甲基亚砜络合物 NdCl_3·4DMSO的 2—3倍。聚丁二烯顺式-1,4结构含量在 98％以上。体系也适用于异戊二烯的聚合,产物顺式-1,4含量在95％左右。     

长序列乙烯-丁二烯共聚物的合成

研究了稀土催化剂催化乙烯-丁二烯的共聚合。结果表明,在封管条件下用稀土催化剂可以使乙烯-丁二烯共聚,产生高分子量聚合物。产物的溶液性质表明,不含聚乙烯均聚物,含约8％的聚丁二烯均聚物。DSC、X-射线衍射、电子显微镜和~(13)C-NMR等实验表明,所得聚合物是含长乙烯-乙烯序列的乙烯-丁二烯共聚物,其中聚丁二烯链段的微观结构以顺-1,4构型为主。共聚物中乙烯单元增加,乙烯-乙烯链段的熔点和结晶度增高,晶粒尺寸变大,晶胞参数基本不变。共聚物的力学性能表明,其生胶强度可达20—30kg/cm~2,远比聚丁二烯的强度大。     

稀土催化丁二烯-二烯共聚合过程中的原位环化反应

采用 Nd( naph) 3- Al( C2 H5) 3- ( t- C4 H9) Cl三组分稀土催化剂进行丁二烯 ( BD) -异戊二烯( IP)的顺式共聚合 ,在聚合过程中引入有机氯代烃 ( RCl) ,以与聚合液中的烷基铝作用生成阳离子活性种 ,引发已生成的共聚物的环化反应及单体的环聚反应 ,得到可溶性无凝胶且含有环聚成分的环化共聚合产物 .考察了 RCl用量、单体组成、稀土催化剂用量、反应温度等对原位环化反应的影响 .以红外光谱、核磁共振光谱对环化产物的结构进行了初步分析 ,确认了环化产物的生成     

钕-铝双金属配合物催化异戊二烯聚合的原位环化反应

环化聚异戊二烯 (CPIP)具有优良的光敏性、较好的耐热性和力学性能 ,在光刻胶、胶粘剂、橡胶改性等方面得到广泛应用 [1,2 ] .CPIP可按阳离子机理经单体环聚或聚合物环化两种方法合成 .我们 [3]最近提出一种直接从单体出发在稀土催化聚合过程中引入烯丙基氯原位合成 CPIP的方法 .本文在此基础上 ,以三异丙氧基钕 -三乙基铝 -一氯二乙基铝均相体系中分离出的钕 -铝双金属配合物作为单组分催化剂 ,简化聚合体系 ,以便直观地考察氯化物、烷基铝等的作用 ,揭示稀土催化 IP聚合原位环化反应的过程 .1　实验部分　　 CPIP的合成参见文献 […     

COPOLYMERIZATION OF BUTADIENE AND ISOPRENE CATALYZED BY V(acac)_3-Al(i-Bu)_2Cl-Al_2Et_3Cl_3 CATALYST AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS

Copolymerization of butadiene and isoprene catalyzed by the catalyst system V(acac)_3-Al(i-Bu)_2Cl-Al_2Et_3Cl_3 has been studied. Composition, microstructure, crystallinity and melting point of the copolymer obtained were determined by PGC, IR, X-ray diffraction and DSC methods respectively. The results revealed that the product was a copolymer and not a blend. The butadiene units presented in the copolymer were of trans-1,4-configuration, while the isoprene units were of both trans-1,4-and 3,4-forms. The melting point and crystallinity of the copolymer decrcascd with increase of molar ratio of isoprene to hutadiene.     

Copolymerization of 1,3‐butadiene and isoprene with cobalt dichloride/methylaluminoxane in the presence of triphenylphosphine

The homopolymerization and copolymerization of 1,3‐butadiene and isoprene were achieved at 0 °C with cobalt dichloride in combination with methylaluminoxane and triphenylphosphine (Ph₃P). For 1,3‐butadiene, highly cis‐specific and 1,2‐syndiospecific polymerization proceeded in the absence or presence of Ph₃P, respectively, although the activity with Ph₃P was much higher than that without Ph₃P. Only a trace of the polymer was, however, obtained in isoprene polymerization when Ph₃P had been added. For copolymerization, the polymer yield in the presence of Ph₃P was about three times higher than that in its absence. Copolymerization in the presence of Ph₃P was, therefore, investigated in more detail. Unimodal gel permeation chromatography elution curves with narrower polydispersity (weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight ≈ 1.5) indicated that the propagation reaction proceeded by single‐site active species. Both the yield and molecular weight of the copolymer decreased with an increasing amount of isoprene in the feed, and this was followed by an increase in the isoprene content in the copolymer. The monomer reactivity ratios, r₁ (1,3‐butadiene) and r₂ (isoprene), were estimated to be 2.8 and 0.15, respectively. Although the 1,3‐butadiene content in the copolymer was strongly dependent on the comonomer composition in the feed, the ratio of 1,2‐inserted units to 1,4‐inserted units of 1,3‐butadiene was constant. Concerning the isoprene unit, the percentage of 1,2‐ and 3,4‐inserted units was increased at the expense of 1,4‐inserted units with an increasing isoprene content in the feed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3086–3092, 2002     

Anionic Polymerization and Copolymerization of Hydrocarbon Monomers Catalyzed by Organobarium Initiators

The barium salt of the dimeric dianion of 1,1-diphenylethylene (Ba-DPhE) initiates polymerization and copolymerization of monomers capable of anionic polymerization (butadiene, isoprene, styrene) in ethereal and hydrocarbon solvents. Ba-DPhE is more stereospecific in butadiene polymerization (up to 70% of cis-1, 4-units in hydrocarbon medium) than initiators based on other metals of Groups I and II. The relative reactivity of monomers in copolymerization processes in THF decreases in an order typical for anionic polymerization: styrene > butadiene > isoprene. The most interesting feature of organobarium initiators is their ability to form random butadiene-styrene copolymers with high cis-1,4-butadiene unit content when copolymerization proceeds in a hydrocarbon medium.

A new phenomenon in anionic polymerization, the dependence of diene units structure on copolymer composition, was observed. Thus an increase of styrene content in butadienestyrene copolymer leads to conversion of cis-1,4-butadiene units into trans-1,4-units (in benzene) or to conversion of 1,4-units to 1,2-units (in THF). Similarly, an increase of butadiene content in its copolymer with isoprene (in benzene) leads to conversion of cis-1,4-isoprene units into trans-1,4-units.

Spectrophotometric, conductometric, and viscometric methods were used to study organobarium active centers. Certain anomalies connected with the formation of specific aggregates due to coupling of bifunctional hydrocarbon chains with bivalent counterions were observed.     

Pyrolyse eclair de polyisoprenes. Essai de correlation entre les produits de degradation et la microstructure des polymeres

Flash pyrolysis between 500 and 600° of polyisoprenes with the three types of unit (1,4, 3,4 and 1,2) essentially yields isoprene and two cyclic dimers, viz. dipentene and 3,4-dimethyl, 4-vinyl, cyclohexene. These dimers are characteristic of 1,4 and 3,4 units respectively. The yield of dipentene is maximum when the 1,4 units are contained in long blocks; it is formed preferentially by cyclization of the biradical formed from two adjacent 1,4 units. The yield of the other dimer is maximum when the chain contains isolated 3,4 units; it is formed preferentially by Diels-Alder condensation between free isoprene and the pendant isopropenyl group of a 3,4 unit following chain scission. The 1,2 units thermally depolymerize to isoprene. Polyisoprenes made with alkaline earth metals are block copolymers of 1,4 and 3,4 units; polymers made with Ziegler-Natta catalysts have a random microstructure.     

STUDIES ON THE ~(13)C-NMR SPECTRA OF ALTERNATING COPOLYMERS OF CONJUGATED DIENES WITH METHYL ACRYLATE

The ~(13)C-NMR spectra of alternating copolymers of conjugated dienes, butadiene (BD), isoprene(IP) and chloroprene (CP), with methyl acrylate (MA) were studied. It is proved that they are allalternating copolymers. The BD units in Poly (BD-alt-MA) are joined to MA mainly in the formof trans 1,4-structure. The contents of trans 1,4-, cis 1,4-and 1,2-structure are 88, 7 and 5%, res-pectively. The IP and CP units in Poly(IP-alt-MA) and Poly(CP-alt-MA) exist essentially as trans1,4-configuration and connect with MA units in "head to head" arrangement predominantly, whileCP-CP units present in Poly(CP-alt-MA) in a small quantity.     

Simultaneous determination of the styrene unit content and assessment of molecular weight of triblock copolymers in adhesives by a size exclusion chromatography method

The content of styrene units in nonhydrogenated and hydrogenated styrene‐butadiene‐styrene and styrene‐isoprene‐styrene triblock copolymers significantly influences product performance. A size exclusion chromatography method was developed to determine the average styrene content of triblock copolymers blended with tackifier in adhesives. A complete separation of the triblock copolymer from the other additives was realized with size exclusion chromatography. The peak area ratio of the UV and refraction index signals of the copolymers at the same effective elution volume was correlated to the average styrene unit content using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with commercial copolymers as standards. The obtained calibration curves showed good linearity for both the hydrogenated and nonhydrogenated styrene‐butadiene‐styrene and styrene‐isoprene‐styrene triblock copolymers (r  = 0.974 for styrene contents of 19.3–46.3% for nonhydrogenated ones and r  = 0.970 for the styrene contents of 23–58.2% for hydrogenated ones). For copolymer blends, the developed method provided more accurate average styrene unit contents than nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy provided. These results were validated using two known copolymer blends consisting of either styrene‐isoprene‐styrene or hydrogenated styrene‐butadiene‐styrene and a hydrocarbon tackifying resin as well as an unknown adhesive with styrene‐butadiene‐styrene and an aromatic tackifying resin. The methodology can be readily applied to styrene‐containing polymers in blends such as poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene styrene).     

稀土催化丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚物的动态力学性能

有关丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚物的动态力学性能的研究报导不多。Labach及谢德民报导了共聚物序列分布的研究。文献(3)报导了稀土丁/异戊共聚物的低温特性。