阳离子皮革加脂剂的研制及应用进展

本文综述了皮革化工材料中阳离子皮革加脂剂的研制及应用现状和最新进展,并预测了其今后的发展趋势。     

SO42-/ZrO2的制备工艺对催化橡胶籽油裂解油酯化的影响

以SO₄^2-/ZrO₂为催化剂对橡胶籽油裂解油进行甲酯化。研究了锆源、焙烧温度及焙烧时间对催化剂活性的影响,分别采用氨气吸附程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)和吡啶红外(Py-IR)对固体酸SO₄^2-/ZrO₂的酸性和酸型进行分析。实验结果表明,以ZrOCl₂为锆源,550℃焙烧4 h所得固体酸SO₄^2-/ZrO₂的催化活性最好,性能较稳定。对酯化产物的组成及性能进行了考察,结果表明,酯化产物的各项性能均优于传统工艺制备的生物燃油,且与0^#柴油相近。     

纳米二氧化硅负载型橡胶助剂的制备及其应用

橡胶助剂在使用过程中易发生迁移、挥发,造成喷霜,从而带来环境污染,这是传统橡胶助剂长期存在的普遍问题.通过在纳米二氧化硅表面负载传统小分子助剂可有效改善喷霜问题,同时有利于橡胶物理机械性能的提高.本文中我们通过调整制备工艺条件,将N-环己基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺(促进剂CZ)接枝到纳米二氧化硅表面,制备了DNS-CZ系列负载型橡胶助剂,并研究了负载型橡胶助剂对溶聚丁苯橡胶/顺丁橡胶(SSBR/BR)体系硫化性能和物理机械性能的影响.     

青椒籽浆-碳糊生物电极的研制及应用

本文研制了青椒籽浆-碳糊生物电极,并探讨了电极的性能及实用性,实验表明,该电极可用于伏安法快速检测L-抗坏血酸,线性范围为1.15×10~(-5)～1.24×10~(-4)mol/L,检测下限可达到9.87×10~(-6)mol/L,电极具有良好的重现性和选择性,响应时间短,使用寿命为12d。     

Zn-PTFE复合电极的研制及应用

电合成;频那醇;Zn-PTFE复合电极的研制及应用     

高灵敏度电容型透明质酸结合蛋白免疫传感器的研制

实验用金电极自组装技术构建透明质酸结合蛋白电容型免疫传感器，采用交流阻抗技术对电极表面生物绝缘膜进行研究。按R(RC)等效电路图对其阻抗谱进行拟合的偏差较小，显示实际体系接近于拟合的电路图。该传感器对1-100mg/L抗原具有良好的线性响应。构建的生物膜对于一定范围的离子强度、酸度具有良好的稳定性，表明其有望应用于临床检测。     

纳米氧化铅型固体pH电极的研制及其应用

纳米;PbO电极;氢氟酸体系;纳米氧化铅型固体pH电极的研制及其应用     

核-壳型白藜芦醇分子印迹微球研制及应用

以表面修饰乙烯基团的SiO2微球为基体,白藜芦醇为模板分子,丙烯酰胺(AA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,采用表面印迹技术制备核-壳型白藜芦醇印迹微球。采用红外光谱(IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对该分子印迹微球进行表征,结果表明,SiO2表面成功接枝一层厚度为200nm的印迹聚合物,该印迹微球颗粒分散均匀。采用高效液相色谱技术对印迹微球的吸附性进行研究表明,此印迹微球具有良好的识别性能,利用Scatchard模型分析得出印迹微球的最大吸附量分别为Qmax1=9.087mg/g和Qmax2=13.80mg/g。此印迹微球成功用于分离虎杖提取液中白藜芦醇。     

羧基甜菜碱型两性离子聚氨酯水凝胶的制备及水下抗原油黏附性能

通过4-溴丁酸乙酯和N-甲基二乙醇胺之间的亲核取代反应制备得到季铵离子型二元醇. 以季铵离子型二元醇与六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)三聚体为基本原料, 通过聚加成反应制备得到聚氨酯预聚体. 进一步经碱性水解等过程后制备得到不同水解时间的羧基甜菜碱型两性离子聚氨酯水凝胶(CBPU). 结果表明, 水解 60 min后的羧基甜菜碱型两性离子聚氨酯水凝胶不仅具有较好的机械性能, 而且对十六烷、 煤油、 石油醚、 异辛烷甚至原油的水下油接触角(UOCA)均达160°以上, 水下油黏附力均为0. 该羧基甜菜碱型两性离子聚氨酯水凝胶在防油涂层、 油水分离膜以及防污减阻等方面均具有重大的应用前景.     

Characterization of surfactin from Bacillus subtilis for application as an agent for enhanced oil recovery

Surfactin produced by Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 21332) was used to examine the effect of altering salt concentration, pH, and temperature on surfactin activity (as measured by reductions in surface tension). These parameters are some of the conditions that define oil reservoir characteristics and can affect the application of surfactants. The Biotechnology for Oilfield Operations research program at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) has successfully produced surfactin from potato process effluents for possible use as an economical alternative to chemical surfactants for improved oil recovery. Surfactants enhance the recovery of oil through a reduction of the interfacial tension between the oil and water interfaces, or by mediating changes in the wettability index of the system. We investigated changes in surfactin activity under a range of conditions by measuring surface tension. Surface tension was determined using video image analysis of inverted pendant drops. Experimental variables included NaCl (0–10%), pH (3.0–10.0), and temperature (21–70°C). Each of these parameters, as well as selected combinations, resulted in discrete changes in surfactin activity. It is therefore important to consider the exploration of the studied surfactin as an enhanced oil recovery agent.     

Research and application of ultralow interfacial tension oil displacement agent

An ultralow interfacial tension (IFT) oil displacement agent, which was a surfactant combinational system (HCS) with good salt and heat resistance, was synthesized using amphoteric betaine (AMS)/anionic sulfonate (AKS)/nonionic alkyl amide (NIS). The interface tensiometer was used to test the IFT. The results showed that the oil–water IFT could be as low as 10^?4 mN/m when the salinity is 10,000～50,000?mg/L, the concentration is 1～5?g/L, and the temperature is 40～80°C. The surfactant system has good emulsification stability. The displacement simulation experiments demonstrated that the increment of the recovery ratio can be up to 14.1%. The surfactant system could meet the demands of site operation.     

均匀增粘剂在橡胶阻尼材料中的应用

本文对均匀增粘剂的作用机理和应用进行了研究。结果表明:均匀增粘剂可显著降低橡胶阻尼材料胶料的门尼粘度,改善混炼胶体系的混炼工艺、分散性和降低胶料相的尺寸,提高相态稳定性,优化了产品的表观质量,对橡胶阻尼材料的力学性能和阻尼性能影响不大。当用量为4份时,可达到加工性能和使用性能的最佳平衡。     

高胶质沥青质超稠油降粘剂YZ-31的研究

针对高胶质和沥青质含量超稠油的特点,室内研究了一种高效油溶性稠油降粘剂YZ-31,对不同降粘剂对超稠油降粘效果进行了比较。探讨了超稠油降粘剂YZ-31加量、温度等因素对降粘效果的影响。结果表明:油溶性降粘剂YZ-31对高胶质和沥青质含量的胜利油田郑家超稠油降粘效果明显。在50oC,5 wt%的降粘剂加量下对三种实验超稠油样品的降粘率都在95%以上。     

Preparation of hybrid microcapsules and application to self‐healing agent

It was tried to prepare hybrid microcapsules composed of porous inorganic particles and epoxy resin shell and to apply to the self‐healing agent. A water soluble imidazole of gelation promoting agent as the core material was microencapsulated in the porous inorganic particles, which were coated with epoxy resin. The porous inorganic particles were prepared with the interfacial reaction between sodium silicate and calcium ion in the (W/O) dispersion. In the experiment, the concentration of sodium silicate and the mixing speed to form the (W/O) dispersion were mainly changed. The porous inorganic particles were immersed in the aqueous solution dissolving imidazole and then, added in the corn oil dissolving epoxy resin to be microencapsulated with gelated epoxy resin. The hybrid microcapsules containing imidazole with the mean diameters from 200 to 400 µm were able to be prepared and to induce the gelation reaction of epoxy resin by breaking the hybrid microcapsule shell due to heating. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative studies for the effect of intercalating agent on the physical properties of epoxy resin-clay based nanocomposite materials

In this study, a series of comparative studies for the effect of intercalating agent on the physical properties of the epoxy resin-clay based nanocomposite materials were performed. First, the quaternary alkylphosphonium and alkylammonium salt were both used as the intercalating agents separately for the preparation of organophilic clay through the cationic exchange reactions with Na⁺-montmorillonite clay. Subsequently, the organophilic clay was blent into the epoxy resin through in-situ thermal ring-opening polymerizations to prepare a series of polymer-clay nanocomposite (PCN) materials. The as-synthesized PCN materials were subsequently characterized by Fourier-Transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, wide-angle powder X-ray diffraction (WXRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).It should be noted that the quaternary alkylphosphonium salt (Φ₃P⁺-C₁₂)-modified clay was found to show better dispersion capability than that of quaternary alkylammonium salt (Me₃N⁺-C₁₆)-modified clay existed in the polymer matrix based on the studies of WXRD and TEM. The better dispersion of (Φ₃P⁺-C₁₂)-modified clay in epoxy resin was found to lead more effectively enhanced physical property such as corrosion protection, gas barrier, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and flame retardant properties of polymers than that of (Me₃N⁺-C₁₆)-modified clay, in the form of coating and membrane, based on the measurements of a series of electrochemical corrosion parameters, gas permeability analysis (GPA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and limiting oxygen index (LOI), respectively. Effect of material composition on the physical properties of as-prepared materials was also investigated.     

Preparation and characterization of bioactive oils nanoemulsions: Effect of oil unsaturation degree,emulsifier type and concentration

The effect of formulation parameters namely oil type, emulsifier type and concentration was assessed on various properties of the nanoemulsions. All nanoemulsions yielded droplets with a desirable size ranged from 38.5 to 127.9?nm. The findings showed that emulsifier type had significant effects on the physicochemical properties of emulsions. Emulsifier concentration had a negative correlation with droplet diameter, turbidity and positive correlation with polydispersity index, viscosity and creaming stability. Nanoemulsions prepared from pomegranate seed oil were different from that of two other oils in droplet size, viscosity, creaming and turbidity because of its higher intrinsic viscosity and degree of unsaturation.     

生物医用蓖麻油基聚氨酯及其接枝改性的研究进展

蓖麻油是价格低廉的可再生资源,含有大量的羟基,可代替聚酯(醚),合成出蓖麻油基聚氨酯,在生物医学领域有着广阔的发展空间。本文阐述了聚氨酯合成方法,分析了结构特性,并对其蓖麻油基聚氨酯接枝改性进行了较详细的探讨。报道了蓖麻油基聚氨酯接枝改性后的生物医用发展趋势。随着组织修复材料的发展,以天然生物质为原料而制备的该种复合生物材料是有广阔的发展前景。     

Facile fabrication of porous oil‐absorbent microspheres with high oil absorbency and fast oil absorption speed

A novel type of porous oil‐absorbent microspheres based on poly(stearyl methacrylate‐co‐butyl acrylate) was prepared via suspension polymerization. By investigating the effects of the cross‐linking agent, monomer ratio, initiator, stabilizer, water/oil ratio, and porogen agent on the oil absorbency of the prepared oil‐absorbents, an optimized oil‐absorbent microsphere OAM‐T was obtained, and characterized by FT‐IR and SEM. The oil absorbencies of OAM‐T toward chloroform, toluene, gasoline, and diesel were measured to be 61.9, 32.6, 28.8, and 28.2 g/g respectively, with oil absorption saturation time being 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 hr. The oil retention of OAM‐T toward the four oils is all above 95%. Besides in pure oils, OAM‐T also has high oil absorbencies in oil–water mixture. It can be reused at least 12 times with little change in oil absorbency. Owing to its excellent oil absorption performance, OAM‐T might find applications for removing oil spills and organic pollutants from water. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preparation and performance of novel temperature‐resistant thickening agent

In this article, a novel kind of temperature‐resistant thickening agent (LK) was copolymerized with acrylamide, acrylic acid, sodium p‐styrenesulfonate, and dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride via free radical copolymerization. The polymerization conditions were optimized by the single‐variable method. Subsequently, the structure of the copolymer was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Thermal gravimetric analysis demonstrates that the thickening agent LK has an excellent ability of temperature‐resistance and the degradation temperature of the copolymer is higher than 300°C. The 3‐dimensional network structure formed in the fracturing fluid was observed via experimental results of scanning electron microscopy. Several aspects of the properties of fracturing gel system, such as temperature and shear tolerance, salt resistance and viscoelasticity, and gel breaking and filter loss were evaluated. Results indicates that the fracturing gel system presents good comprehensive performances under high‐temperature condition.