Nafion修饰电极预富集-石墨炉原子吸收法测定痕量银的研究

本文报道了用Nafion修饰电极预富集-石墨炉原子吸收法测定痕量银的方法。采用不加电位的离子交换富集方法,将痕量银富集在Nafion修饰钨丝电极上,然后用石墨炉原子吸收法测定,检出限为0.04ng/ml,线性范围为0.08～12ng/ml,RDS为4.2%,回收率为88～100%。方法简便、灵敏,选择性好,适用于测定复杂体系中的痕量银。     

以甲壳素为母体的螯合树脂预富集-悬浮液进样GFAAS法测定水中痕量银的研究

报道了螯合树脂 PCON (N,N-二乙基胺基环硫丙烷交联壳聚糖)对银的分离、富集作用,富集物以悬浮液进样,石墨炉原子吸收法测定。结果表明PCON 螯合树脂用 5% 盐酸清洗后,在 pH11.0±0.2 范围内,富集效果高达 98.8±1.0% ,银的浓度在 0.2～2.0ng/mL 范围内,PCON 螯合树脂富集效率不受银量的影响,在超声波振荡下,4min 即达到富集平衡,本方法已用于自来水中痕量银的测定。     

痕量银的液膜富集与原子吸收法测定

研究了分离与富集痕量银的液条件,摸索出一种新的液膜体系ＴＯＡＮ２０５煤油０－ＮＨ３．Ｈ２Ｏ,提出了最佳富集条件。经５次提取分离,富集倍数可达８２倍。回收率在９８％以上。与火焰原子回收法相结合可测ｎｇ／ｍｌ级的Ａｇ＾＋此法用于富集地质标样中的痕量银,相对标准偏差为２．４％（ｎ＝１０）     

双硫腙—泡沫塑料富集原子吸收光谱测定化探样品中的银

近年来,国内外对泡沫塑料分离富集微量金属元素已有很多报道。我们参照双硫腙萃取测银的条件,拟定双硫腙—泡塑富集、硫脲解脱、加热雾室火焰原子吸收光谱仪测定痕量银的分析方法,基本能满足化探分析要求。     

8－羟基喹啉纤维微柱分离富集ICP－AES测定多种痕量元素

制备了８－羟基喹啉纤维滤纸片，作为微柱填充物，同时富集了九种痕量元素，并分离了样品中的高盐组分。富集后的痕量组分采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）测定，回收率为９０％～１０２％。     

交联壳聚糖预富集分离-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量银(Ⅰ)

研究了交联壳聚糖(CCTS)对银(Ⅰ)的吸附性能,提出了用CCTS作为富集剂预富集分离水样中痕量银的新方法。研究结果表明:在pH 3.0时,CCTS对银的吸附率达99%以上,其饱和吸附量为0.6 mg/g;采用8 mL 0.5 moL/L的氨水可将吸附在CCTS上的银定量洗脱。用CCTS将水中痕量银(Ⅰ)富集20倍,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)进行检测,检出限(3σ,n=6)为0.406μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于6.8%。该方法也适合贵金属银的回收利用。     

活性炭吸附及离子交换富集分离-分光光度法测定水中痕量银

建立了用活性炭对水中痕量银进行预富集的新方法。结果表明,pH=1.0时,活性炭能对水中被抗坏血酸还原后的痕量银进行吸附富集,而Cu(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Al(Ⅲ)、Bi(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅲ)等常见阳离子不被吸附,用K2S2O8将吸附在活性炭上的单质银氧化解脱后,用Mg(NO3)2辅助置换洗脱,可用分光光度法测定。该法在8～50μg/L银(Ⅰ)范围内加标回收率为93.2～97.1%。同时还研究了活性炭对银的吸附行为,提出了活性炭表面上被氧化的Ag(Ⅰ)和Mg(Ⅱ)有离子交换作用。应用该法测定自来水中痕量银,结果令人满意。     

钨丝探针电解预富集-石墨炉原子吸收法测定罐头食品中痕量锡

采用钨丝探针电解预富集-石墨炉原子吸收法测锡,兼有电解预富集和探针原子化的优点.对电解液组成、溶液pH值、电解电压、富集时间等实验条件进行了优化.方法检出限达到0.08 μg/L;相对标准偏差为5.6%.应用于罐头食品中痕量锡的测定,结果满意.初步探讨了锡在电沉积后的原子化机理.     

食品中痕量稀土元素微型高效富集器离子交换预富集—ICP—AES—联 …

本文研究了食品中痕量稀土元素的离子交换预富集－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ在线分析方法，筛选出４种对各稀土元素具有较好富集性能，并适于微型富集器使用的高效树脂（包括离子交换树脂、螯合树脂和螯合纤维树脂），该分析系统可用于矿泉水、贻贝、牡蛎、茶叶等食品标样中ｎｇ／ｍｌ及μｇ／ｇ级痕量稀土元素测定。所得结果与推荐值相吻合。该分析系统测定精密度符合痕量分析要求，富集倍数可达１７￣３０倍，检出限为０．０８￣５．５ｎｇ／     

氧化铝负载二苯基硫脲分离富集电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱测定铂、钯、金和铑

1　引　　言地质样品中痕量的铂族元素须经富集处理后测定 ,离子交换法、火试金预浓集、Ｓｅ ,Ｔｅ共沉淀富集等分离富集方法 ,操作繁琐、复杂。本文采用氧化铝负载二苯基硫脲分离富集电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法 (ＩＣＰ ＡＥＳ)测定地质样品中痕量Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ、Ａｕ和Ｒｈ ,发现加入ＳｎＣｌ2 可以大幅度地提高Ｐｔ和Ｒｈ的回收率 ,方法简单、快速。2　实验方法2 .1　主要仪器及试剂　ＡｔｏｍＳｃａｎ2 5型单道扫描电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪 (美国ＴＪＡ公司 ) 10 0 0ｍｇ ＬＰｔ、Ｐｄ、Ａｕ和Ｒｈ标准储备液 (国家标准物质研究中…     

Highly selective cloud point extraction and preconcentration of trace amounts of silver in water samples using synthesized Schiff’s base followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination

A simple and useful method employing cloud point extraction is proposed for the preconcentration and separation of silver in water samples. The silver cation reacts with bis(2-mercaptoanil) acetylacetone (BMAA) at pH 6. The resulting compound is subsequently entrapped in the Triton X-114 micelles. After optimization of the complexation and extraction conditions, a preconcentration factor of 50 was obtained (volume of initial sample was 10 mL). As an analytical example, trace amounts of Ag were determined, after preconcentration, in a complex aqueous matrix such as seawater using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The calibration curve was linear in the range 2–200 ng/mL and the limit of detection was 0.43 ng/mL. The relative standard deviation was lower than 2.4%. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Preconcentration of nickel and cobalt on algae and determination by slurry graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectrometry

Unicellular green algae have been utilized to preconcentrate Ni(2+) and Co(2+) ions from sea-water and riverine water samples. Studies have shown that rinsing the algae with 0.12M hydrochloric acid improves the adsorption of nickel and cobalt, and the optimum range of pH of extraction is wide. The maximum extraction efficiencies were 84 and 73% for Ni and Co, respectively, at ng/ml levels. The sea-water matrix and relatively small amounts of many impurities reduce the adsorption efficiency for both nickel and cobalt. The preconcentration is achieved by mixing 6 mg of algae with 50-100 ml of sample, and subsequently isolating the algae by centrifugation. The pellet of algae is then resuspended in 1 ml of 0.08M nitric acid, and analyzed as a slurry by graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectrometry. The values found for nickel and cobalt in riverine (SLRS-1) and sea-water (CASS-1) standard reference materials are within the limits of certification.     

Indirect Determination of Sulfadiazine by Cloud Point Extraction/Flow Injection‐Flame Atomic Absorption (CPE/FI‐FAAS) Spectrometry

An indirect simple and rapid cloud point extraction is proposed for separation and preconcentration of sulfadiazine and its determination by flow injection‐flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FI‐FAAS). The sulfadiazine from 35 mL of solution was readily converted to silver sulfadiazine upon addition of silver nitrate (9.7 × 10^‐5 mol/L). Then, Triton X‐114 a non ionic surfactant was added and the solution was heated to 60 °C. At this stage, two separate phases was formed and silver sulfadiazine enters the surfactant rich phase of non‐ionic micelles of Triton X‐114. The surfactant‐rich phase (～50 μL) was then separated and diluted to 300 μL with acidic methanol. The concentration of silver in the surfactant‐rich phase which is proportional to the concentration of sulfadiazine in sample solution was determined by FI‐FAAS. The parameters affecting extraction and separation were optimized. Under the optimum conditions (i.e. pH 2‐10, silver concentration (9.7 × 10 ^‐5 mol/L), Triton X‐114 (0.075% v/v) and temperature 60 °C) a preconcentration factor of 117 and a relative standard deviation of 4.9% at 37 μg L^‐1 of sulfadiazine was obtained. The method was successfully applied to analysis of milk, urine and tablet samples and accuracy was determined by recovery experiments.     

Simultaneous separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of copper (II), cobalt (II) and silver (I) by modified Amberlyst®15 resin

A solid phase extraction method for simultaneous preconcentration and separation of trace amounts of copper, cobalt and silver in different samples, using a column packed with modified Amberlyst®15 resin is developed. Amberlyst®15 resin was modified with 5-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)rhodanine and then the modified resin was used as a support material for the solid phase extraction and preconcentration of Cu(II), Co(II) and Ag(I) ions from aqueous solution in the pH range 3.5–4.5. The adsorbed metal ions on the column were quantitatively eluted with a 7% thiourea solution prepared in 2?mol?L^?1 HNO₃, which were detected by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The effects of analytical parameters including pH of the solution, eluent type, flow rate of samples, eluent and matrix ions were investigated for optimization of the presented procedure. The detection limits were 2.1, 0.9 and 0.9?ng?mL^?1 for Cu(II), Co(II) and Ag(I) ions, respectively based on the three times the standard deviations of the blanks. The preconcentration factor was 112.5. The calibration graphs were obtained in the ranges of 0.05 to 10.0, 0.03 to 13.0 and 0.04 to 9.0?µg?mL^?1 for Cu(II), Co(II) and Ag(I) ions concentrations, respectively. Relative standard deviations (n?=?7) for Cu(II), Co(II) and Ag(I) ions were found ±2.5 %, ±0.84% and ±3.8% respectively. The method was applied to the determination of mentioned ions in well water, waste water and lettuce sample.     

Separation and preconcentration of Ag(I) in aqueous samples by flotation as an ion-associate using iodide and ferroin followed the determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A simple method for separation/preconcentration and determination of Ag(I) in aqueous samples is described. The method is based on formation of an ion-associate between Ag(I)-iodide complex and ferroin, which can be floated at the interface of the aqueous/n-heptane phases. The flotation process was carried out using 500-ml aliquot of the aqueous solution and the floated layer was dissolved in 5 ml of 1 M HNO3 containing methanol (50% v/v) as the solvent. The Ag(I) content was then determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The method so could be considered as an enrichment process, was achieved to a quantitative feature, when the pH of the solution was adjusted to 4 and the concentrations of iodide and ferroin were about 3.2 x 10(-4) M and 6.25 x 10(-5) M, respectively. The LOD and RSD (n = 7) were obtained 1.0 x 10(-8) M and 2.4%, respectively. It was found that a large number of cations and anions even at high considerably foreign ion/Ag(I) ratios were not interfered. The method was applied satisfactorily to recovery of Ag(I) from different aqueous samples.     

Spectrophotometric determination of sodium dodecyl sulfate with preconcentration by reversed micelles of triton N-42

Micellar preconcentration has been proposed to improve the procedure of spectrophotometric determination of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). It involves quantitative extraction by reversed micelles of Triton N-42 in n-decane and the subsequent formation of an ion associate with methylene blue and azure A upon destruction of the micellar solution by diluting it with a mixture of chloroform and n-decane in the presence of small concentrations of a dye solution. The absence of losses of 10^?7?10^?5 M SDS upon from 5-to 50-fold preconcentration is confirmed by the standard addition method (RSD = 4–5%); the determination limit of SDS equals 5 × 10^?8 M.     

Preconcentration of methylxanthines on hyper-cross-linked polystyrene followed by their determination by high-performance liquid chromatography

We studied the possibility of hyper-cross-linked polystyrene application to the dynamic sorption preconcentration (solid-phase extraction) of methylxanthines (caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, diprophylline, and pentoxifylline) from aqueous solutions. The conditions of preconcentration were optimized as follows: solution volume of 25 mL (pH ～ 6), solution flow rate 0.7 mL/min, microcolumn size 25 × 2.7 mm, adsorbent weight 0.055 g. The compounds were desorbed into a 0.5-mL portion of methanol and determined in the eluate by reversed-phase HPLC with spectrophotometric detection at 280 nm. Sorption preconcentration provided more than 30-fold reduction of methylxanthine detection limits. The detection limits for methylxanthines are 1 (theophylline, theobromine), 2 (caffeine, diprophylline) and 4 (pentoxifylline) ng/mL. The procedure was applied to the analysis of urine-based model mixtures.     

Separation and preconcentration of ultratrace lead in biological organisms and its determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

A biological organism (chitosan) was utilized to preconcentrate lead ions from tap water. This preconcentration was achieved by mixing 0.8 ml of chitosan slurry with 10-50 ml of lead-containing solution and subsequently separating by centrifugation. The chitosan paste was then dissolved in 1 ml of 0.2% nitric acid and analysed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The extraction efficiency can approach 100% in the pH range 4-10. The amount of chitosan used was not critical. The effect of some impurities was also investigated. If six samples were prepared simultaneously, the time needed to preconcentrate each sample was less than 3 min. Two different modes of standard addition (the standard lead solutions being added before and after preconcentration) were used for analysis of tap water samples, and the results obtained by the two modes were found to be quite consistent.     

Preconcentration of traces of silver and bismuth from cobalt and nickel and their nitrates, with activated carbon

A method is described for the preconcentration of trace metals Ag and Bi, present as impurities in high-purity cobalt and nickel metals and their nitrates. After the metal samples have been dissolved in nitric acid (or the salts in water) the trace elements are complexed with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC). The sample solution is then filtered through a 2-cm filter paper coated with 50 mg of activated carbon, whereby the complexed trace metals are adsorbed on the activated carbon and separated from the matrix. The trace elements are dissolved off with nitric acid and determined by flame atomic-absorption spectrometry (AAS). The detection limits for the analysis of 10 g of metal samples and 50 g of the nitrate samples were 0.002-0.035 ppm Ag and 0.04 ppm Bi for the metal samples, and 0.0003-0.0004 ppm Ag and 0.004-0.005 ppm Bi for the nitrate samples. The coefficient of variation, in general, is 10-25% for Ag and 33% for Bi.     

高效色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析海藻类海产品中砷的形态

采用阴(Hamilton PRP-X100柱)阳(Dionex Ionpac CS-10柱)离子交换色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术,分别以pH 10.3的20 mmol/L NH4HCO3和pH 2.0的5 mmol/L吡啶溶液为流动相,建立了As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、一甲基砷酸(MMA)、二甲基砷酸(DMA)、砷甜菜碱AsB、砷糖PO4、砷糖OH、砷糖SO3、砷糖SO4砷形态的分析方法。采用微波消解法和超声溶剂提取法对不同海域10种紫菜和海带产品进行前处理,对As含量及其化学形态进行分析。实验表明,样品总砷的质量分数为1.7～38.7 mg/kg,样品萃取物中,As糖PO4和As糖OH为As的主要形态,其含量分别占可提取As的6.5%～67.7%和12.9%～86.2%,海带样品萃取物中还有As糖SO3和DMA被检测,其含量分别占可提取As的13.0%～52.1%和5.9%～17.4%。在紫菜和海带海藻类产品中,含As的化合物主要是毒性较低的有机砷。