On transient creep bounds and approximate solutions for the torsion of thin strips

Integral equations are derived which govern transient primary and secondary creep in thin rectangular strips subject to torsion. Formal similarity between these equations and others arising in previous work are exploited to obtain bounds, monotonicity and convexity of the stress profile as well as uniform approximations.     

A method for approximate solutions of stationary creep problems

Summary The paper presents a matrix method for the stationary creep analysis of structures.The method implies discretization of the system, piecewise linearization of the (generalized) stress-strain rate laws, some linear elastic calculations which are useful also for other purposes, and the solution of a quadratic program. The procedure adapts to various degrees of accuracy, and is highly suitable for computers.

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Sommario Si propone un metodo matriciale per lo studio di strutture in fase di scorrimento viscoso stazionario. Il metodo comporta discretizzazione della struttura e linearizzazione a tratti delle leggi di deformabilità degli elementi, richiede calcoli elastici lineari, utili anche ad altri scopi, e la risoluzione di un programma quadratico. Il procedimento presenta notevole adattabilità a vari gradi di approssimazione e si presta particolarmente all'uso di mezzi automatici di calcolo.

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The results presented in the paper form part of a series of studies supported by the National (Italian) Research Council (C.N.R.).     

Construction of approximate solutions of boundary value impact strain problems

The method for constructing approximate solutions of boundary value problems of impact strain dynamics in the form of ray expansions behind the strain discontinuity fronts is generalized to the case of curvilinear and diverging rays. This proposed generalization is illustrated by an example of dynamics of an antiplane motion of an elastic medium. The ray method is one of the methods for constructing approximate solutions of nonstationary boundary value problems of strain dynamics. It was proposed in [1, 2] and then widely used in nonstationary problems of mathematical physics involving surfaces on which the desired function or its derivatives have discontinuities [3–7]. A complete, qualified survey of papers in this direction can be found in [8]. This method is based on the expansion of the solution in a Taylor-type series behind the moving discontinuity surface rather than in a neighborhood of a stationary point. The coefficients of this series are the jumps of the derivatives of the unknown functions, for which, as a consequence of the compatibility conditions, one can obtain ordinary differential equations, i.e., discontinuity damping equations. In the case where the problem with velocity discontinuity surfaces is considered in a nonlinear medium, this method cannot be used directly, because one cannot obtain the damping equation. A modification of this method for the purpose of using it to solve problems of that type was proposed in [9–11], where, as an example, the solutions of several one-dimensional problems were considered. In the present paper, we show how this method can be transferred to the case of multidimensional impact strain problems in which the geometry of the ray is not known in advance and the rays become curvilinear and diverging. By way of example, we consider a simple problem on the antiplane motion of a nonlinearly elastic incompressible medium.     

Construction of approximate solutions to two-dimensional potential problems of electrohydrodynamics

After transformation to new variables the system of equations describing planar potential electrohydrodynamic flows with a small interaction parameter is converted to a single equation. The particular solution of this equation, which is the electrohydrodynamic analog of Hamel's solution in the dynamics of a viscous liquid, is found. Two types of flows, described by simplified equations, can be distinguished when certain constraints are imposed on the manner in which the electrical parameters vary along the coordinate lines and the terms of the equation correspondingly estimated. These flows are the jet and quasione-dimensional flows of the charged component in a curvilinear electrostatic field and a supper-posed two-dimensional potential flow of the carrier medium. Solutions to the approximate equations are obtained for certain particular cases.Kiev. Transklated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 4, pp. 140–147, July–August, 1972.     

Some approximate solutions of filtration problems in a fissured-porous medium

The equations for the filtration of a fluid in a fissured-porous medium [1] under the assumption that the permeability of the porous blocks is negligible in comparison with the permeability of the cracks and that the porosity of the cracks is negligible in comparison with the porosity of the blocks may be written in the form Here p₁ is the pressure in the cracks, p₂ is the pressure in the porous blocks, is the characteristic lag time, , is the piezoconductivity coefficient. We shall consider the approximate solutions of this system of equations in the case of filtration to a well which penetrates a fissured-porous stratum of thickness h and begins to operate at the moment t=0 with the flow rate Q.The author wishes to tank V. N. Nikolaevskii for discussions of the study.     

Computable error bounds for approximate periodic solutions of autonomous delay differential equations

In this paper, we prove a result that says: Given an approximate solution and frequency to a periodic solution of an autonomous delay differential equation that satisfies a certain noncriticality condition, there is an exact periodic solution and frequency in a neighborhood of the approximate solution and frequency and, furthermore, numerical estimates of the size of the neighborhood are computed. Methods are outlined for estimating the parameters required to compute the errors. An application to a Van der Pol oscillator with delay in the nonlinear terms is given.     

A method to derive approximate explicit solutions for structural mechanics problems

The availability of explicit solutions, i.e. analytical relationships between the structural response and the design variables, allows a more direct and plain treatment of several structural problems. This paper is devoted to derive approximate explicit solutions in the framework of linear static analysis of finite element modeled structures with a given layout (fixed node positions). The proposed procedure is based on a factorization of the element stiffness matrix following the unimodal components concept, which allows a non-conventional assembly of the global stiffness matrix. The exact inversion of that matrix is a trivial task for the case of statically determinate structures, structures with few redundancies or few design variables. An approximate inverse of the stiffness matrix is herein derived for more general structural problems by resorting to the Sherman–Morrison–Woodbury formula.     

Multivalued solutions of the spatial problems of nonlinear deformation of thin curvilinear rods

We have developed a finite-element model to study the spatial deformation of elastic rods at large displacements. A numerical algorithm for constructing multivalued nonlinear solutions in the presence of many bifurcation and limit points is formulated. Results of a study of the stability supercritical equilibrium forms of elastic rods, which were supported experimentally, are reported. Chaplygin Siberian Aviation Institute, Novosibirsk 630051. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 141–149, March–April, 1998.     

Compensation of torsion in rods by piezoelectric actuation

This paper considers the compensation of torsional deformations in rods with the help of thin integrated piezoelectric actuator layers. A laminated orthotropic rod is considered, for which the material properties of each layer are assumed to be homogenous. For the sake of a generalization, the piezoelectric actuation is expressed in terms of eigenstrains. The main scope is the derivation of a distribution of eigenstrains that is able to completely compensate the angle of twist caused by external torsional moments. Saint Venant’s theory of torsion for laminated orthotropic rods is extended for the presence of eigenstrains, which is performed by introducing an additional warping function. It is shown that the actuating torsional moment is a function of the eigenstrains and the additional warping function. For the example of a rectangular cross section, an analytic solution for the actuating moment and the additional warping function is presented. The results are verified by three-dimensional finite-element computations showing a very good accordance with the theoretical results over a large parameter range.     

Exact three-dimensional analysis for static torsion of piezoelectric rods

Based on the theory of elasticity, exact analytical and numerical solutions of piezoelectric rods under static torsion are studied. In this paper, direct solution method is used. The main scope is to check the extension of validity of assumptions in previous papers that had been made based on linear distribution of electric potential through the cross section and their influences on deflection and the angle of rotation. Stress and electric induction functions are employed to obtain the exact solution of the static and electrostatic equilibrium equations under torsional loading. It is shown that previous assumptions are valid only in some types of piezoelectric materials, while in other types these assumptions lead to considerable deviations from accurate modeling. The present analytical solutions are compared with three-dimensional finite element analysis results and absolute agreements are found. At the end of this article, torsional rigidity, shape-effects on induced piezoelectric deformation and the range of valid region for linear distribution of electric potential assumption have been studied.     

The approximate solutions to the non-linear heat conduction problems in a semi-infinite medium

The approximate solutions to the non-linear heat conduction problems in a semi-infinite medium are investigated. The entire temperature range is divided into a number of small sub-regions where the thermal properties can be approximated to be constant. The resulting problems can be considered as the Stefan’s problem of a multi-phase with no latent heat and the exact solutions called Neumann’s solution are available. In order to obtain the solutions, however, a set of highly non-linear equations in determining the phase boundaries should be solved simultaneously. This work presents a semi-analytic algorithm to determine the phase boundaries without solving the highly non-linear equations. Results show that the solutions for a set of highly non-linear equations depend strongly on the initial guess, bad initial guess leads to the wrong solutions. However, the present algorithm does not require the initial guess and always converges to the correct solutions.     

Analysis of nonlinear solutions with many singular points in problems of spatial deformation of rods

We consider an algorithm for obtaining numerical solutions of the geometrically nonlinear problems of spatial deformation of elastic rods in the presence of many singular points. The questions of the construction of bifurcation solutions and the stability of the found states of equilibrium are discussed. The results of a study of the nonlinear deformation and stability of a ring in the spatial formulation, which are supported by experimental data, are given. Chaplygin Siberian Aviation Institute, Novosibirsk 630051. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 148–153, November–December, 1998.     

Variation in the length of perfectly elastic rods under torsion

On the basis of elastic constitutive relations that reflect geometrically nonlinear second-order effects, we refine the theory of torsion of rectilinear rods of an arbitrary transverse cross-section. In particular, we obtain a universal formula, independent of the material properties, that determines the longitudinal strain arising as the rod undergoes free torsion. According to this formula, the length of a rod made of an isotropic perfectly elastic material can, in contrast to the traditional concepts, either increase or decrease as the rod undergoes torsion. Moreover, the variation in the length depends only on the geometry of the transverse cross-section.     

Frictionless planar motion of a couple of hinged rods

We treat the planar frictionless motion induced by a starting pulse on a two-body system with four degrees of freedom consisting of two equal rods hinged together. A full discussion of all possible planar forceless motions is given, and the hyperelliptic functions are found to be necessary. A particular case, namely the asymptotic one, in its two kinematic variants (open/closed) is faced. It is ruled by the nonlinear differential equation