氢气拉曼光谱压缩感知方法分析研究

气体监测与我们的生活息息相关,氢气作为一种理想的研究模型更是受到广泛关注.拉曼光谱作为一种气体分析手段,具有无损非接触等优点.气体拉曼光谱测量存在的一个主要问题是拉曼散射信号弱.在一些特定场景下,需要信号采集时间较短,因此获得的拉曼光谱信噪比低.压缩感知方法作为一种新发展起来的信号处理手段,不仅可以压缩采样,缩短采样时...     

燃料电池阴极扩散层扩散特性研究

本文采用粗粒化分子动力学方法研究了燃料电池阴极扩散层的扩散特性。采用全原子方法的计算结果校验了粗粒化方法的准确性,并提出了一种定量校正方案。分析了碳纳米管气体扩散层中气体和水的扩散特性,其中气体和水的扩散存在各向异性,气体和水两者在碳纳米管中轴向的扩散系数均较低,且气体和水的轴向扩散系数也随着该分子比例的降低而进一步降低;对带缺陷气体扩散层的研究表明气体扩散层中缺陷的形态对其扩散性能有显著的影响。     

讲授气体分子运动論部分貫彻“少而精”原則的几点体会

在普通物理讲課过程中,气体分子运动论一章一直存在着一些问题,长期以来沒有得到较满意的解决,严重地影响了物理课的教学质量。上学期,我们在深入学习了党的教育方针、提高认识的基础上,以电力系一年级(1963年入学的学生)为试点,较细致地研究了这一章的教学内容,较深入地调查了各类学生学习这一     

递推迭代的紫外光谱烟气有害成分在线监测

用紫外连续光谱对烟气排放有害成分的在线监测的关键和难题是:如何从连续的混合气体吸收光谱信号中分离并解算各气体的浓度,为此基于朗伯-比尔定律我们提出了一种递推迭代反演解算算法,该算法利用各气体在190～290nm波段的特征吸收峰,结合吸光度的二元叠加性,在某种气体的一个特征吸收点上假设其他气体没有吸收,推出该气体的初始浓度,然后切换到另外一个特征吸收点上,将该气体吸收光子数从测出的总吸收光子数中减去,得到另一气体的初始浓度,依此类推得到各气体的初始浓度;然后再回到第一种气体的特征吸收点上,从吸收的总光子数中减去其他各气体的吸收光子数,再次得到第一种气体的一次迭代浓度,依此类推得到其他气体的一次迭代浓度,重复迭代直到相邻两次得到的浓度差小于某一值为止,得到的各气体的浓度即为各气体的精确浓度。实验结果表明:该方法能够一次同时解算出多种有害气体浓度且精度达±2%,算法简单满足实时性需求,抗干扰能力强,适合工程实际应用。     

光晶格中超流费米气体的能隙孤子

研究了一维光晶格中超流费米气体的能隙孤子. 应用平均场理论和超流费米气体的流体动力学模型, 利用变分法得到了在整个跨越区超流费米气体在光晶格中存在带隙孤子的条件, 即原子间的非线性相互作用项与系统化学势以及晶格深度的相互关系. 通过对超流费米气体的基态能隙孤子空间分布的分析与对比, 揭示了在一维情况下超流费米气体能隙孤子的存在并发现超流费米气体能隙孤子在整个跨越区当系统从Bose-Einstein凝聚端跨越到BCS端时孤子存在的条件与孤子空间分布存在明显的差别.     

对等温条件下理想气体伯努利方程的讨论

在普通物理中一般只介绍理想流体的伯努利方程。由于气体具有显著的可压缩性,定量分析气体参量和流速的关系时还应考虑密度变化的影响。当气体与热库良好地接触,且膨胀和压缩过程进行得较为缓慢时可以视为等温过程。在《等温条件下可压缩理想气体的伯努利方程》一文中利用能量守恒导出了等温条件下理想气体满足的伯努利方程,但在推导过程中由于忽略了气体与外界的热传递导致结果存在问题。本文指出了其不当之处,用两种方法给出了正确的推导,并基于导出的结果简要讨论了气体压强与流速的关系。     

问答

正Q:太空中不存在物质,就没有热传导,为什么宇航服还要保温?A:宇航员目前到过的有月球表面和飞船出仓。这两个地方其实不完全是真空。月球表面有极其稀薄的气体,而载人飞船所在的轨道是近地轨道,属于高层大气。即使宇宙中也不是一无所有,其中充满了星际气体和尘埃。当然这些稀薄的物质我们完全可以当作真     

低温等离子体

 一、等离子体通常,我们接触到的物质大多是处在固态、液态和气(汽)态,即所谓物质的三态,而等离子态可以说是物质的第四态.所谓等离子体(Plasma)一词原意是血浆、原生质。1927年,Langmair在研究汞的电离时,他将放电的气体称为等离子体.实际上,应该说,气体放电中那部分由于部分气体被电离而产生的电子和正离子密度相等的物质才称为等离子体.但是,这一概念往往被人们混淆,在很多情况下,往往把电离了的气体统称为等离子体.     

基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱气体检测仪的数据采集与实验分析

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术是一种具有高灵敏、高选择性、快速响应等特点的气体检测新技术,它利用了半导体激光器的可调谐和窄线宽特性,通过精心选择待测气体的某条吸收线可排除其它气体的干扰实现待测气体浓度的高灵敏快速在线检测。讨论在工业环境下气体检测系统中数据采集与信号处理方法,分析了实验结果。在工业数据采集和处理系统中如何提高实时性和通用性,是设计者首要解决的问题。在VC++环境下,多线程技术和面向对象方法,实现了实时数据采集,不存在采集丢点问题,成功地实现了数据的准确完整性与实时性,并且在新的数字信号处理中提高了系统的测量精度、重复性和稳定性,满足了工业气体在线检测的需要。     

CO_2激光器用的气体发生器

我们在研制气体转换炉工作[1]的基础上,经过改进又制成气体发生器.将它分别用于波导 CO2激光器和 TEA CO2激光器,所得的结果表明,对于采取气体流动方式工作或需要更换工作气体的CO2激光器,如果配备一台气体发生器,就可以由空气,CO2,空气 CO2,N2 CO2等获得多种组分的工作气体     

Response of a panel to a supersonic turbulent boundary layer: studies on a theoretical model

The response of a clamped panel to a supersonic turbulent boundary layer is studied on the basis of a recently developed theoretical model. This model, in the form of an integro-differential equation, incorporates the effect of coupling between the panel motion and the flow of the surrounding fluid. A Ritz-Galerkin method is used to obtain approximate solutions for the statistics of the panel response to the turbulence. Comparisons of the numerical results with previous experimental data are presented and assessments of the theoretical model in the light of such comparisons are made.     

Approximate solution of two-term fractional-order diffusion,wave-diffusion,and telegraph models arising in mathematical physics using optimal homotopy asymptotic method

This paper deals with the investigation of the analytical approximate solutions for two-term fractional-order diffusion, wave-diffusion, and telegraph equations. The fractional derivatives are defined in the Caputo sense, whose orders belong to the intervals [0,1], (1,2), and [1,2], respectively. In this paper, we extended optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) for two-term fractional-order wave-diffusion equations. Highly approximate solution is obtained in series form using this extended method. Approximate solution obtained by OHAM is compared with the exact solution. It is observed that OHAM is a prevailing and convergent method for the solutions of nonlinear-fractional-order time-dependent partial differential problems. The numerical results rendering that the applied method is explicit, effective, and easy to use, for handling more general fractional-order wave diffusion, diffusion, and telegraph problems.     

Global solutions to the compressible Euler equations with geometrical structure

We prove the existence of global solutions to the Euler equations of compressible isentropic gas dynamics with geometrical structure, including transonic nozzle flow and spherically symmetric flow. Due to the presence of the geometrical source terms, the existence results themselves are new, especially as they pertain to radial flow in an unbounded region, , and to transonic nozzle flow. Arbitrary data withL bounds are allowed in these results. A shock capturing numerical scheme is introduced to compute such flows and to construct approximate solutions. The convergence and consistency of the approximate solutions generated from this scheme to the global solutions are proved with the aid of a compensated compactness framework.     

Wave Riemann description of friction terms in unsteady shallow flows: Application to water and mud/debris floods

In this work, the source term discretization in hyperbolic conservation laws with source terms is considered using an approximate augmented Riemann solver. The technique is applied to the shallow water equations with bed slope and friction terms with the focus on the friction discretization. The augmented Roe approximate Riemann solver provides a family of weak solutions for the shallow water equations, that are the basis of the upwind treatment of the source term. This has proved successful to explain and to avoid the appearance of instabilities and negative values of the thickness of the water layer in cases of variable bottom topography. Here, this strategy is extended to capture the peculiarities that may arise when defining more ambitious scenarios, that may include relevant stresses in cases of mud/debris flow. The conclusions of this analysis lead to the definition of an accurate and robust first order finite volume scheme, able to handle correctly transient problems considering frictional stresses in both clean water and debris flow, including in this last case a correct modelling of stopping conditions.     

Strong thermal self-action of a laser beam in gases and liquids

Solutions which approximately describe the effect of strong thermal self-action of a laser beam in weakly absorbing media (gases and liquids) have been obtained. This paper considers the regimes of thermal conductivity, transverse flows of gases at subsonic and supersonic velocities, transonic nonlinear regime, and gravitational convection in a horizontal beam. Assuming that the shape of transverse intensity distribution is constant, and that the wave front can be approximated by a second-power polynomial, ordinary differential equations and their solutions for average transverse dimensions of beams have been obtained. These approximate solutions are in satisfactory agreement with exact solutions. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 116, 105–129 (July 1999)     

Study on an extended Boussinesq equation

An extended Boussinesq equation that models weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive waves on a uniform layer of water is studied in this paper. The results show that the equation is not Painlev\'e-integrable in general. Some particular exact travelling wave solutions are obtained by using a function expansion method. An approximate solitary wave solution with physical significance is obtained by using a perturbation method. We find that the extended Boussinesq equation with a depth parameter of $1/\sqrt 2$ is able to match the Laitone's (1960) second order solitary wave solution of the Euler equations.     

超声速等离子体射流的数值模拟

基于可压缩的全Naiver-Stokes方程，利用PHOENICS程序对由会聚 辐射阳极形状等离子体炬产生的超声速等离子体射流进行了数值模拟.考虑了等离子体的黏性、可压缩性以及变物性对等离子体射流特性影响.研究了超声速等离子体射流的流场结构特性以及不同环境压力对等离子体射流产生激波结构的影响.结果表明，超声速等离子体射流在喷口附近形成的周期性激波结构是其和环境气体相互作用的结果. 关键词： 等离子体炬 超声速等离子体射流 PHOENICS     

用自适应流线网格计算定常超声速流场

提出一个用自适应流线网格计算定常超声速流场的数值方法。Friedrichs-Lax格式推广到任意四边形网格,在迭代过程中得到速度场后,从流线方程计算流线的位置,最后算出由本方法得到高分辨率结果     

超声速后台阶流动/射流相互作用的数值模拟

采用高精度格式求解二维Navier-Stokes方程研究超声速射流与同向超声速后台阶流动相互作用的流场基本结构及规律,分别应用5阶WENO格式、6阶中心差分格式离散对流项和黏性项,时间推进采用3阶Runge-Kutta格式,并应用消息传递接口（message passing interface,MPI）非阻塞式通信实现并行化.分别研究了超声速后台阶流动、超声速射流的基本结构特征,以此讨论和分析超声速后台阶流动/射流相互作用的特征,以及不同来流条件对波系结构、涡结构、剪切层、膨胀扇等的影响,尤其是来流剪切层和射流剪切层的相互作用,形成复杂的波系结构及相互干扰的流动现象.      

非线性演化方程孤立波的同伦分析法求解

利用同伦分析法求解了Burgers方程，得到了其扭结形孤立波的近似解析解，该解非常接近于相应的精确解.结果表明，同伦分析法可用来求解非线性演化方程的孤立波解.同时，也对所用方法进行了一定扩展，得到了Kadomtsev-Petviashvili(KP)方程的钟形孤立子解.经过扩展后的方法能够更方便地用于求解更多非线性演化方程的高精度近似解析解. 关键词： Burgers方程 同伦分析法 KP方程 孤立波解