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1.
The molecular structure of FBrO3 has been studied by gas-phase electron diffraction. Least-squares refinements of the molecular geometry using fixed spectroscopic amplitudes revealed two geometrical minima. Initially, the amplitudes employed were derived from diagonal force fields obtained by spectroscopic least-squares refinements to fit observed and calculated wave numbers; for each geometry there are two spectroscopic minima. In the lowest geometrical minimum the wave number agreement is poor, however, the introduction of the ∠OBrO/∠FBrO interaction force constant removed the discrepancies; the resulting force field is F(Br-O) = 6.92 ± 0.02 mdyn Å?1F(Br-F) = 3.22 ± 0.03 mdyn Å?1, F(∠OBrO) = 1.06 ± 0.02 mdyn Å, F(∠FBrO) = 0.81 ± 0.03 mdyn Å, F(∠OBrO/∠FBrO) = ?0.19 ± 0.02 mdyn Å. In the corresponding geometrical minimum rg(Br-O) = 1.582 ± 0.001 Å, rg(Br-F) = 1.708 ± 0.003 Å, rα(∠OBrO) = 114.9 ± 0.3°, rα(∠FBrO) = 103.3 ± 0.3°. Perpendicular amplitude correction coefficients, calculated for each force field employed, were used throughout to relate the interatomic distances through the rα-structure. The geometries of the rαo- and re-structures are estimated.  相似文献   

2.
Laser-induced fluorescence Of Cs2 molecules in the infrared region (4000–9000 cm?1) has been observed using several exciting wavelengths from an argon-ion laser and from a ring dye laser. Accurate molecular constants for the first two excited 1Σg+ electronic states are derived from spectra recorded at high resolution by Fourier transform spectroscopy. Main molecular constants are: (2)1Σg+: Tc = 12114.090 cm?1, ωe = 23.350 cm?1, Bc = 7.4.5 × 10?3 cm?1, Rc = 5.8316 Å; (3)1Σg+: Te = 15975.450 cm?1, ωe = 22.423 cm?1 , Be = 8.23 × 10?3 cm?1, Rc = 5.5569 Å.  相似文献   

3.
Preparation, Vibrational Spectra, and Normal Coordinate Analysis of Hexachlororhenate(V) and Crystal Structure of [P(C6H5)4][ReCl6] By oxidation of A2[ReCl6], A = [(n-C4H9)4N]+, [P(C6H5)4]+, with Cl2 in dichloromethane/trifluoracetic acid A[ReCl6] is formed. [P(C6H5)4][ReCl6] crystallizes with tetragonal symmetry, space group P4/n-C, a = 12.967(4), c = 7.6992(8) Å, Z = 2. The octahedral complexion [ReCl6]? is compressed (C4v) with the bond lengths, axial Re? Cl1 = 2.28 and Re? Cl3 = 2.24 Å, equatorial Re? Cl2 = 2.31 Å. The infrared active antisymmetric Re? Cl stretching vibration is split into v3 = 346 an v3 = 326 cm?1. The assignment of all IR and Raman modes is confirmed by a normal coordinate analysis. The different valence force constants, fd(ReCl1) = 2.09, fd(ReCl3) = 2.10, fd(ReCl2) = 1.88 mdyn/ Å result from the distortion of the octahedron. On excitation with the Ar laser line 514.5 nm a resonance Raman spectrum is observed, showing 8 overtones of v′(A1) = 382 cm?1, from which the harmonic frequency ω1 = 382.1 cm?1, the anharmonicity constant X11 = ?0.76 cm?1, and the maximum bond dissociation energy of the [ReCl6]? ion to be 138 kcal/mol, are calculated. The vibrational fine structure of the intraconfigurational transitions in the near infrared has been resolved by measuring the absorption spectrum of [(n-C4H9)4N][ReCl6] at low temperature (10 K), resulting in the assignment of the following electronic origins: Γ3(3T1g) → Γ4(3T1g): 7 512, Γ3(3T1g) → Γ1(3T1g): 7 624 and Γ3(3T1g) → Γ5(1T2g), Γ3(1Eg): 8 368 cm?1.  相似文献   

4.
A high‐resolution IR diode laser in conjunction with a Herriot multiple reflection flow‐cell has been used to directly determine the rate coefficients for simple alkanes with Cl atoms at room temperature (298 K). The following results were obtained: k(Cl + n‐butane) = (1.91 ± 0.10) × 10?10 cm3 molecule?1 s?1, k(Cl + n‐pentane) = (2.46 ± 0.12) × 10?10 cm3 molecule?1 s?1, k(Cl + iso‐pentane) = (1.94 ± 0.10) × 10?10 cm3 molecule?1 s?1, k(Cl + neopentane) = (1.01 ± 0.05) × 10?10 cm3 molecule?1 s?1, k(Cl + n‐hexane) = (3.44 ± 0.17) × 10?10 cm3 molecule?1 s?1 where the error limits are ±1σ. These values have been used in conjunction with our own previous measurements on Cl + ethane and literature values on Cl + propane and Cl + iso‐butane to generate a structure activity relationship (SAR) for Cl atom abstraction reactions based on direct measurements. The resulting best fit parameters are kp = (2.61 ± 0.12) × 10?11 cm3 molecule?1 s?1, ks = (8.40 ± 0.60) × 10?11 cm3 molecule?1 s?1, kt = (5.90 ± 0.30) × 10?11 cm3 molecule?1 s?1, with f( ? CH2? ) = f (? CH2? ) = f (?C?) = f = 0.85 ± 0.06. Tests were carried out to investigate the potential interference from production of excited state HCl(v = 1) in the Cl + alkane reactions. There is some evidence for HCl(v = 1) production in the reaction of Cl with shape n‐hexane. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 86–94, 2002  相似文献   

5.
Generalized X-ray scattering factors have been extracted from an accurate one-electron density function of molecular hydrogen. With the approximation that the atomic densities perfectly follow the nuclei, vibrational force constants are given in terms of sum rules for the generalized X-ray scattering factors. Calculated (experimental) results for H2 are ke = 5.76 (5.73) mdyne Å?1, le = -38.7 (~36.9) mdyne Å?2 and me = 246 (235) mdyne Å?3.  相似文献   

6.
We have calculated 64 points on the ground electronic state potential energy surface of the silyl radical (SiH3) using the MRD CI technique. This potential surface gives an inversion barrier of 1951 cm?1 and an equilibrium geometry of re = 1.480 Å and αe(HSiH) = 111.2°. Using the non-rigid invertor Hamiltonian with this potential we determine for SiH3 that ν1 = 2424 cm?1, ν2 = 778 cm?1, ν3 = 2106 cm?1, and ν4 = 976 cm?1; the inversion splitting is calculated to be 0.11 cm?1. Rotational constants and centrifugal distortion constants have also been calculated.  相似文献   

7.
Chloroacetyl chloride is studied by gas-phase electron diffraction at nozzle-tip tempera- tures of 18, 110 and 215°C. The molecules exist as a mixture of anti and gauche confor- mers with the anti form the more stable. The composition (mole fraction) of the vapor with uncertainties estimated at 2σ is found to be 0.770 (0.070), 0.673 (0.086) and 0.572 (0.086) at 18, 110 and 215°C, respectively. These values correspond to an energy difference with estimated standard deviation ΔEo = Eog -Eoa = 1.3 ± 0.4 kcal mol?1 and an entropy difference ΔSo = Sog -Soa = 0.7 ± 1.1 cal mol?1 K?1. Certain of the diffraction results permit the evaluation of an approximate torsional potential function of the form 2V = V1(1 - cos φ) + V2(1 - cos 2φ) + V3(1 - cos 3φ); the results are V1 = 1.19 ± 0.33, V2 = 0.56 ± 0.20 and V3 = 0.94 ± 0.12, all in kcal mol?1. The results for the distance (ra), angle (∠α) and r.m.s. amplitude parameters obtained at the three temperatures are entirely consistent. At 18°C the more important parameters are, with estimated uncertainties of 2σ, r(C-H) = 1.062(0.030) Å, r(CO) = 1.182(0.004) Å, r(C-C) = 1.521(0.009) Å. r(CO-Cl) = 1.772(0.016) Å, r(CH2-Cl) = 1.782(0.018) Å, ∠C-C-0 = 126.9(0.9)°, ∠CH2-CO-C1 = 110.0(0.7)°,∠CO-CH2-C1 = 112.9(1–7)°, ∠H-C-H = 109.5° (assumed), ∠φ (gauche torsion angle relative to 0° for the anti form) = 116.4(7.7)°, δ (r.m.s. amplitude of torsional vibration in the anti conformer) == 17.5(4.2)°.  相似文献   

8.
The molecular structure and conformation of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene have been determined by gas-phase electron diffraction at nozzle temperatures of 24, 90 and 273°C. The molecules exist as a mixture of two conformers with the chlorine atoms anti (torsion angle ∠φ = 0°) or gauche (∠φ = 109°) to each other and with the anti form the more stable. The composition (mole fraction) of the vapor with uncertainties estimated at 2σ was found to be 0.55 (0.08), 0.49 (0.08) and 0.41 (0.10) at 24, 90 and 273°, respectively. These values correspond to an energy difference with estimated standard deviation ΔE° = E°g-E°a = 0.7 ± 0.3 kcal mol?1 and an entropy difference ΔS° = S°g-S°a = 0.6 ± 0.9 cal mol?1 K?1. Some of the diffraction results, together with spectroscopic observations, permit the evaluation of an approximate torsional potential function of the form 2V = V1 (1 - cos φ) + V2 (1 - cos 2φ) + V3 (1 - cos 3φ); the results are V1 = 4.4 ± 0.5, V2 = ?2.9 ± 0.5 and V3 = 4.8 ± 0.2, all in kcal mol?1. The results at 24°C for the distance (ra) and angle (∠α) parameters, with estimated uncertainties of 2σ, are: r(Csp2-H) = 1.098(0.020)Å, r(Csp3-H) = 1.103(0.020)Å, r(CC) = 1.334(0.009)Å, r(C-C) = 1.504(0.013)Å, r(Csp2-Cl) = 1.752(0.021)Å, r(Csp3-Cl) = 1.776(0.020)Å, ∠C-CC = 127.6(1.1)°, ∠Csp3-Csp2-Cl = 110.2(1.0), ∠Csp2-Csp3-Cl = 113.1(1.2)°, ∠H-Csp3-H = 109.5° (assumed), ∠CC-H = 120.0° (assumed) and ∠φ = 108.9(3.4)°.  相似文献   

9.
The crystal and molecular structure of 2-hydroxy4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid dihydrate C6H3(CH3)(OHSO? 3 H5O2 + (I) was studied by X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy. The compound crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system; crystal data: a=10.853(2) Å, b=7.937(2) Å, c=12.732(3) Å, β=112.13(3)°, V=1015.9(4)Å3,Z=4,dcalc=1.466g/cm3,spacegroupP21/c,Rf=0.0486,GOOF=1.161.The S-O distances in the sulfonate group differed substantially (S1-O2 1.439(2) Å, S1-O3 1.455(2) Å, and S1-O4 1.464(2) Å. The symmetry of the H5O2 cation decreased due to proton displacement toward one of the two water molecules. XRD data on the asymmetry of H5O2 were confirmed by IR and Raman spectral data. The strong triplet at 2900, 3166, 3377 cm?1 in the IR spectrum of I corresponds to different types of H-bond and shifted to 2185, 2363, 2553 cm?1 after deuteration. The proton conductivity of the compound was measured by impedance spectroscopy: 6 × 10?7 S/cm at 298 K (32 rel %), E act=0.4±0.01 eV. The conductivity increased to 10-3 S/cm, Eact=0.1 eV when ambient humidity increased to 60 rel %.  相似文献   

10.
Ab initio calculations at SCF and CEPA levels using large Gaussian basis sets have been performed for the two lowest electronic states,X 2 Σ+ andA 2 Π, of HeAr+. Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects have been added using a semiempirical treatment. The resulting potential curves for the three statesX,A 1, andA 2 have been used to evaluate molecular constants such as vibrational intervals ΔG(v + 1/2) and rotational constantsB v as well as — by means of a Dunham expansion — equilibrium constants such asR e , ω e ,B e etc. Comparison with the experimental data from UV emission spectroscopy shows that the calculated potential curves are slightly too shallow and have too large equilibrium distances:D e = 242 cm?1 andR e = 2.66 Å compared to the experimental values of 262 cm?1 and 2.585 Å, respectively, for theX 2Σ+ ground state. However, the ab initio calculations yield more bound vibrational levels than observed experimentally and allow for a more complete Dunham analysis, in particular for theA 2 state. The experimental value of 154 cm?1 for the dissociation energyD e of this state is certainly too low; our best estimate is 180±5 cm?1. For theA 1 state our calculations are predictions since this state has not yet been observed experimentally.  相似文献   

11.
The structure of 1 -chloro-1 -si labicyclo( 2.2.2 )octane is determined by gas-phase electron diffraction. The molecule is found to have a large amplitude twisting motion with a double minimum quartic potential function of the form V(φ) = Vo[1 + (φ/φo)4 - 2(φ/φo)2]. Least-squares analysis of the experimental data gives values of 1.4(0.8) kcal mole? for Vo and 17.5(2.5)° for φo. Other structural parameters for the “quasi-C3v” cage-like molecule include: rg(Si-Cl) = 2.061(3) Å, rg(Si-C) = 1.863(3) Å, rg(C-Cav) = 1.559(2) Å, and rg(C-Hav) = 1.098(7) Å. Several valence angles exhibit large deviations from tetrahedral values, e.g. ∠Cl-Si-C2 = 114.6(0.2)°, ∠Si-C2-C3 = 105.8(0.4)°, ∠C2-C3-C4 = 114.2(1.2)°, ∠C-3-C4-C5 = 111.4(0.8)° and ∠C2-Si-C6= 103.9(0.2)°. Many of the structural features in this strained polycyclic compound. Including the nature of the quartic potential function, can be rationalized in terms of a simple molecular mechanics model. A new method for the calculation of an analytical Jacobian of the intensity function with respect to parameters of the potential function is also discussed.  相似文献   

12.
The pentachlorides of niobium and tantalum have trigonal bipyramidal structures (D3hsymmetry) with thermal average axial bonds, rα, longer than the equatorial ones by 0.097(9) and 0.142(5) Å, respectively. The equatorial bonds are r(Nb—Cl) = 2.241(4) and r(Ta—Cl) = 2.227(3) Å. Standard deviations are given. Calculated amplitudes of vibration for the e' type of bending frequencies assigned as v6 (equatorial in-plane bend) < v7 (axial—equatorial bend) agree significantly better with the experimental vibrational amplitudes than do amplitudes computed for the opposite assignment. Assuming an analytical quartic-harmonic potential for the pseudorotational motion of the molecules, barriers to pseudorotation of 1.5(0.7) and 1.2(0.6) kcal mol?1 are estimated from the electron diffraction data for NbCl5 and TaCl5, respectively. Effects from interatomic multiple scattering are included in the theoretical intensities, and are found to be of some importance to the results.  相似文献   

13.
Vibrational data of vapour, liquid and matrix-isolated fluorocarbonyl isocyanate, FC(O)NCO, were investigated. A subsequent normal coordinate analysis was performed for the A′ species of the predominant planar cis conformer (CO double bond cis with respect to the vicinal NC double bond). The following internal force constants were derived: fCO= 12.88 mdyn Å−1, fCF=6.20 mdyn Å−1 and FCN= 4.42 mdyn Å−1.  相似文献   

14.
Bis(1-aminoguanidinium) sulfate monohydrate (AG2SO4 … H2O, 1), bis(1,3-diamino-guanidinium sulfate (DAG2SO4, 2), bis(1,3,5-triaminoguanidinium) sulfate dihydrate (TAG2SO4 … 2 H2O, 3) and bis(azidoformamidinium) sulfate (AF2SO4, 5) were synthesized and characterized by multinuclear NMR, IR, and Raman spectroscopy and elemental analysis. In the synthesis of 3, double protonated triaminoguanidinium sulfate (HTAGSO4, 4) was obtained as a byproduct. The molecular structures of 15 in the crystalline state were determined by low-temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction. 1: orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 6.7222 (8) Å, b = 14.153 (2) Å, c = 11.637 (1) Å, V = 1107.1(2) Å3, Z = 4, ρcalc.= 1.586 g cm?3 R1 = 0.0442, wR2 = 0.1007 (all data). 2: hexagonal, P6122, a,b = 6.6907 (1) Å, c = 43.4600 (8) Å, γ= 120°, V = 1684.86 (5) Å3, Z = 6, ρcalc.= 1.634 g cm?3, R1 = 0.0321, wR2 = 0.0714 (all data). 3: monoclinic, C2/c, a = 9.6174 (8) Å, b = 22.858 (1) Å, c = 6.7746 (5) Å, β= 109.49 (1), V = 1404.0 (4) Å3, Z = 4, ρcalc.= 1.620 g cm?3, R1 = 0.0292, wR2 = 0.0781 (all data). 4: monoclini c, P21/c, a = 8.9998 (9), b = 6.3953 (6), c = 13.3148(12) Å, β= 99.679 (8), V = 755.44 (13) Å3, Z = 4, ρcalc.= 1.778 g cm?3, R1 = 0.0305, wR2 = 0.0809 (all data); 5: orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 11.3855 (9), b = 7.1032 (6), c = 12.807 (1) Å, V = 1035.74 (14) Å3, Z = 4, ρcalc.= 1.720 g cm?3, R1 = 0.0389, wR2 = 0.0862 (all data).  相似文献   

15.
Ferrites YbSrFe2O5.5 and YbBaFe2O5.5 are prepared by reacting ytterbium(III) oxide and iron(III) oxide with strontium or barium carbonate in the solid phase. The ferrites crystallize in the orthorhombic system as shown by indexing of their X-ray diffraction patterns with homology modeling: for YbSrFe2O5.5, a = 10.74 ± 0.006 Å, b = 10.93 ± 0.006 Å, c = 16.64 ± 0.046 Å, V 0 = 1953.3 Å3, Z = 16, V subcell 0 = 122.08 Å3, ρX-ray = 6.26 g/cm3, ρpycn = 6.18 ± 0.9 g/cm3; for YbaBaFe2O5.5, a = 10.74 ± 0.013 Å, b = 10.99 ± 0.004 Å, c = 17.16 ± 0.017 Å, V 0 = 2025.4 Å3, Z = 16, V subcell 0 = 126.59 Å3, ρX-ray = 6.69 g/cm3, ρpycn = 6.40 ± 0.32 g/cm3. The calorimetric heat capacities of the ferrites are studied from 298.15 to 673 K. The C p o f(T) curves show λ peaks at 448 K for YbSrFe2O5.5 and at 373 K for YbBaFe2O5.5, likely, due to second-order phase transitions. The dielectric constants and electrical resistances of the ferrites are studied as functions of temperature from 293 to 493 K.  相似文献   

16.
Autoionizing Rydberg series of Li2 have been observed in the two-step optical cxcitation of a supersonic lithium beam. The series limits are vibrational states of Li2+. In the most probable assignment IP(Li2) = 41236.4 ± 2.5 cm?1 and for Li2+ωe = 263.45 ± 1.3 cm?1; ωeχe = 1.35 ± O.2 cm?1; re = 3.032 ± 0.01 Å; De = 10807 ± 150 cm?1.  相似文献   

17.
The reactions D + H2 (v = 0, 1) → HD (v = 0, 1) + H have been studiedin a discharge flow reactor by CARS-spectroscopy. For H2(v = 0) molecules a rate constant of (4, 0 ± 1, 0) 10?16 cm3 s?1 is obtained at 310 K from measured HD (v = 0, 1) product yields. Keeping the degree of vibrational excitation of H2in the microwave discharge in the range of 1% from the increase of the HD (v = 0, 1) CARS signals a rate of k2a, b = (1, 0 ± 0, 4) 10?13cm3 s?1 is derived. The total consumption of H2 (v = 1) in the presence of D atoms gives a rate k2 = (1, 9 ± 0, 2) 10?13 cm3 s?1 at 310 K. The resultsare discussed in regard to previous measurements and theoretical treatments.  相似文献   

18.
Absolute rate constants for the reaction of O(3P) atoms with n-butane (k2) and NO(M  Ar)(k3) have been determined over the temperature range 298–439 K using a flash photolysis-NO2 chemiluminescence technique. The Arrhenius expressions obtained were k2 = 2.5 × 10?11exp[-(4170 ± 300)/RT] cm3 molecule?1 s?1, k3 = 1.46 × 10?32 exp[940 ± 200)/ RT] cm6 molecule?2 s?1, with rate constants at room temperature of k2 = (2.2 ± 0.4) × 10?14 cm3 molecule?1 s?1 and k3 = (7.04 ± 0.70)×10?32 cm6 molecule?2 s?1. These rate constants are compared and discussed with literature values.  相似文献   

19.
The (CH3)+ has been investigated ab initio, taking all 8 electrons into account, using the Allgemeines Programmsystem/SCF ? MO ? LC (LCGO ) Verfahren. After varying the C? H distance and the position of the C atom, it was found that the (CH3)+ ion is planar with a bond distance of RCH = 2.05 a.u. The force constants (C? H stretching, angular vibration) were computed to be k1 = 18.9 mdyn/Å, and the associated frequencies to be ω1 = 3256 cm?1 and ω2 = 1526 cm?1. The ionization energy was found to be I = 25.75 eV. The electron affinity was estimated to be A = 5.4 eV.  相似文献   

20.
Manganite ferrites NdM 1.5 II MnFeO6 (MII = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) were synthesized from neodymium(III), manganese(III), and iron(III) oxides and alkaline-earth metal carbonates by a ceramic technology. By grinding the obtained compounds in a ball mill, their nanostructured particles were produced, the sizes of which were determined with an electron microscope. X-ray diffraction study established that the nanostructured compounds crystallize in the cubic and tetragonal systems with the following lattice parameters: NdMg1.5MnFeO6 (tetragonal): a = 10.955 Å, c = 17.848 Å, V 0 = 2141.975 Å3, Z = 16, V e1.cel1 0 = 133.873 Å3, ρX-ray = 4.80 g/cm3, and ρpycn = 4.76 ± 0.05 g/cm3; NdCa1.5MnFeO6 (cubic): a= 10.809 Å, V 0 = 1262.864 Å3, Z = 8, V e1.cel1 0 = 157.858 Å3, ρX-ray = 4.32 g/cm3, and ρpycn = 4.27 ± 0.03 g/cm3; NdSr1.5MnFeO6 (cubic): a = 10.911 Å, V 0 = 1298.953 Å3, Z = 8, V e1.cel1 0 = 162.369 Å3, ρX-ray = 4.93 g/cm3, and ρpycn= 4.88 ± 0.05 g/cm3; and NdBa1.5MnFeO6 (tetragonal): a = 11.011 Å, c = 18.001 Å, V 0 = 2182.479 Å3, Z = 16, V e1.cel1 0 = 136.405 Å3, ρX-ray = 6.78 g/cm3, and ρpycn= 6.75 ± 0.07 g/cm3.  相似文献   

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