电子型超导材料的超流密度响应

超导电性是凝聚态物理学中研究的热点.超导材料基本构成分为电子型与空穴型.对于空穴型超导材料,其电子配对对称性普遍接受的是具有dx2-y2波对称性;而对于电子型超导材料,电子配对对称性是dx2-y2波对称性还是s波对称性,目前还存在着很大的争议.在线性近似下,dx2-y2波超导体超流密度是温度的线性函数,而s波超导体的超流密度是温度的指数函数.因此通过对超流密度的研究可以明确电子型超导材料的电子配对对称性.本文首先从微观t-t′-t″-J模型出发,通过隶波色子平均场近似,计及反铁磁关联序和超导配对项,得到两带超导哈密顿量,进而推导出两带超流密度.最后验证了电子掺杂型超导体电子配对对称性和空穴掺杂型一样,同样具有dx2-y2波对称性,和早期唯象的两带模型的研究相一致.明确超流密度随掺杂的变化,是两带准粒子随掺杂变化相互作用的结果.     

高温超导体的核磁共振研究

本文回顾了用核磁共振技术研究高温超导体的进展，着重介绍局域电荷分布，超导态性质以及赝能隙性质．除了CuO2面上的空穴密度总数外，Cu和O轨道上的空穴数的分布也是决定Tc的一个重要参数．核自旋晶格弛豫率以及奈特位移的实验结果显示，超导态的电子配对是d波单态配对．d波能隙函数里存在节点，使得准粒子从涡线中心“漏”到涡线外面．节点的存在也是非磁性杂质以及晶体无序会导致Tc明显降低的原因．45T高场下的实验发现，高温超导体的零温正常态是“费米弧”金属态．这说明赝能隙态和超导态是两个微观共存的物态．     

s＋d混合波对称性下计入库仑作用和Van Hove奇异性的超导转变…

本文在ｓ＋ｄ混合波对称性下研究了Ｖａｎ Ｈｏｖｅ奇异性、准粒子配对相互作用各向异性并再计入库仑排斥势对超导转变温度（Ｔｃ）和同位素效应的联合效应。结果表明，Ｖａｎ Ｈｏｖｅ奇异性和各向异性都能显著地增高Ｔｃ，库仑作用则降低Ｔｃ。库仑作用和Ｖａｎ Ｈｏｖｅ奇异性都能减小同位素效应指数（α），各向异性和ｄ波成分则增大α。计入库仑作用后α就随ＣｕＯ２面内各向异性参量增大而增大。由此可以推测，如果实验上肯     

重费米子超导体CeCoIn_5中的局域电子结构研究

重费米子材料CeCoIn_5具有相似于高温铜氧化物和铁基超导体的奇异物性,大量实验揭示其超导电性可能由反铁磁自旋涨落引起,表现出d波非常规超导配对态.在本文中,我们从CeCoIn_5的双能带模型出发,通过考虑杂质散射效应,应用T矩阵近似和格林函数方法,在弱散射和强散射情况下,分别计算费米能级附近的局域电子密度态性质.我们发现杂质诱导的共振态局域在杂质周围,其空间调制结构强烈依赖于d波配对序参量的节线方向,这些新奇物性有助于确认其d_(x~2-y~2)波配对对称性.     

一维化学势调制的p波超导体中的拓扑量子相变

本文研究了一维公度势和非公度势调制下的p波超导量子线系统的拓扑相变.在公度势调制下,通过计算Z2拓扑不变量确定系统的相图,指出系统的拓扑相变强烈地依赖于调制参数α和相移δ.在非公度势调制下,以α=(√5-1)/2,δ=0为例,计算系统的低能激发谱、Z2拓扑不变量以及逆参与率等,发现p波配对强度△∈(0,0.33)时,系统存在拓扑非平庸超导相,拓扑平庸超导相和拓扑平庸局域相的转变.而当p波配对强度△>0.33时,系统存在拓扑非平庸超导相和拓扑平庸局域相的转变.     

高压增氧T''相 R2CuO4+δ(R=Nd～Tm)低温磁性研究

T'相R2CuO4稀土铜氧化合物由于尺度效应而产生弱铁磁性行为已经被人们关注,报导了通过高温高氧压(6 GPa,1 000 ℃)合成稀土T'相R2CuO4(R＝Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er和Tm)化合物的结构和磁学性能.磁化率曲线显示,在低温下所有的高压增氧R2CuO4样品都出现新的低温弱铁磁性反常行为,转变温度在28 K附近.新的低温弱铁磁性行为是由于CuO2面上微量氧空穴的掺入,使处于反铁磁有序CuO2面形成局域化的铁磁性团簇造成.实验证明新发现的低温弱铁磁性行为与尺度效应产生弱铁磁性行为属于完全不同的物理机制.结果还预示T'相R2CuO4稀土铜氧化合物很难通过空穴掺杂而实现超导.     

手性ABM态p波超导体上临界磁场的角依赖关系

利用格林函数方法,通过Klemm-Clem变换,计算具有正交晶格结构椭球形费米面的手性ABM态p波超导体上临界磁场的角依赖关系.超导序参量选取具有手性ABM对称性的等自旋配对单分量形式.当椭球形费米面满足一定条件时,上临界磁场随角度呈现非单调变化,表明除配对电子有效质量的各向异性外,手性ABM态p波超导体也具有超导序参量的各向异性.计算结果可用于判断重费米子超导体Sr2RuO4的配对电子空间结构.     

高Tc氧化物晶界结

高温超导氧化物的晶界形成超导Josephson弱连接，人工制作的晶界（例如双晶衬底上外延生长高Tc超导薄膜形成的晶界）是弯曲的小折线，即晶界小面化了，超导序参数d波对称性和晶界小面化对晶界结的性质有重要影响，文章综述了近几年来国际上在有关方面的研究动态，。     

高压增氧T′相R2CuO4＋δ（R=Nd～Tm）低温磁性研究

T′相R2CuO4稀土铜氧化合物由于尺度效应而产生弱铁磁性行为已经被人们关注，报导了通过高温高氧压(6GPa，1000℃)合成稀土T′相R2CuO4(R=Nd，Sm，Eu，Gd，Tb，Dy，Ho，Er和Tm)化合物的结构和磁学性能。磁化率曲线显示，在低温下所有的高压增氧R2CuO4样品都出现新的低温弱铁磁性反常行为，转变温度在28K附近。新的低温弱铁磁性行为是由于CuO2面上微量氧空穴的掺入，使处于反铁磁有序CuO2面形成局域化的铁磁性团簇造成。实验证明新发现的低温弱铁磁性行为与尺度效应产生弱铁磁性行为属于完全不同的物理机制。结果还预示T′相R2CuO4稀土铜氧化合物很难通过空穴掺杂而实现超导。     

YBCO中钙掺杂对CuO_2面空穴浓度的影响

本文通过固相反应法制备了(Y1-xCax)Ba2Cu3O7-δ(x=0,0.06,0.12)多晶样品并在流动氧气下退火,研究了Ca掺杂对超导体CuO2面空穴浓度的影响.热重分析结果显示,相同退火条件下Ca2+/Y3+替代所引入的空穴不会被氧含量的降低所完全补偿.热电势测量数据显示,低温退火就可使未掺杂样品处于"临界掺杂浓度",而低剂量Ca掺杂则有可能降低CuO2面的空穴浓度.观察发现无论是否掺Ca样品的p(δ)函数都呈非线性关系,可能来源于CuO1-δ链的有序性.计算显示Ca2+/Y3+替代可能降低材料的超导性能.     

Probing the unconventional superconducting state of LiFeAs by quasiparticle interference

A crucial step in revealing the nature of unconventional superconductivity is to investigate the symmetry of the superconducting order parameter. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy has proven a powerful technique to probe this symmetry by measuring the quasiparticle interference (QPI) which sensitively depends on the superconducting pairing mechanism. A particularly well-suited material to apply this technique is the stoichiometric superconductor LiFeAs as it features clean, charge neutral cleaved surfaces without surface states and a relatively high T(c)～18 K. Our data reveal that in LiFeAs the quasiparticle scattering is governed by a van Hove singularity at the center of the Brillouin zone which is in stark contrast to other pnictide superconductors where nesting is crucial for both scattering and s(±) superconductivity. Indeed, within a minimal model and using the most elementary order parameters, calculations of the QPI suggest a dominating role of the holelike bands for the quasiparticle scattering. Our theoretical findings do not support the elementary singlet pairing symmetries s(++), s(±), and d wave. This brings to mind that the superconducting pairing mechanism in LiFeAs is based on an unusual pairing symmetry such as an elementary p wave (which provides optimal agreement between the experimental data and QPI simulations) or a more complex order parameter (e.g., s+id wave symmetry).     

s+d混合波对称性下联合模型的超导电性

提出一个联合模型，在ｓ＋ｄ混合波对称性下，合并考虑电子间配对相互作用的各向异性及二维电子结构上Ｖａｎ Ｈｏｖｅ奇异性对超导电性的影响．理论结果表明：Ｖａｎ Ｈｏｖｅ奇异性及配对相互作用的各向异性都是使Ｔ_c提高的重要因素；各向异性的电子配对相互作用自然导致序参量的ｄ波成分，当此各向异性增强时，ｄ波成分也增大．高温超导体的较高２Δ（０）／ｋ_ＢＴ_c值可能预示着在这些材料中ｓ波的权重远小于ｄ波权重．联合效应模型下的Ｔ_c处比热跳跃行为与经典的ＢＣＳ理论也完全不同 关键词：     

Theory of oxide high temperature superconductivity

We propose a model Hamiltonian for the high temperature superconductivity from the analogy of the BCS model hamiltonian. We seek a possibility of real space electron pairing. It follows then the magnetic exchange interaction is not a source of pairing and we propose a form of pairing interaction from the argument of the broken symmetry of electron number conservation. Based on a variational wave function, the ground state energy of our model is studied.     

Off-site repulsion-induced triplet superconductivity: a possibility for chiral p(x+y)-wave pairing in Sr2RuO4

In order to probe the effect of charge fluctuations on triplet pairing, we study the pairing symmetry in the one-band Hubbard model having the off-site Coulomb repulsion (V) on top of the on-site repulsion as a model for the gamma band of Sr2RuO4, a strong candidate for a triplet pairing superconductor. The result, obtained with the dynamical cluster approximation combined with the quantum Monte Carlo method, and confirmed from the fluctuation exchange approximation, shows that while d(x(2)-y(2)) pairing dominates over p in the absence of V, introduction of V makes p(x+y) and d(xy) dominant. The gap function for the chiral p(x+y)+ip(x-y) has nodes that are consistent with the recent measurement of specific heat in rotated magnetic fields in the ruthenate. This suggests that the off-site repulsion may play an essential role in triplet superconductivity in this material.     

Direct evidence for negative grain boundary potential in Ca-doped and undoped YBa2Cu3O7-x

Using electron holography in a transmission electron microscope, we obtained direct evidence for the reduction of negative charge at grain boundary dislocations in Ca-doped YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) when compared to undoped YBCO. Because of the finite width of the valence band in the superconducting CuO2 planes, the negative grain boundary charge can lead to a depletion of electron holes available for superconductivity. A significant reduction in the size of the perturbed region in the Ca-doped samples appears to be the principal mechanism for the improved interfacial superconductivity.     

Evolution of the superconducting state of Fe-based compounds with doping

We introduce an effective low-energy pairing model for Fe-based superconductors with s- and d-wave interaction components and a small number of input parameters and use it to study the doping evolution of the symmetry and the structure of the superconducting gap. We argue that the model describes the entire variety of pairing states found so far in the Fe-based superconductors and allows one to understand the mechanism of the attraction in s(±) and d(x(2)-y(2)) channels, the competition between s- and d-wave solutions, and the origin of superconductivity in heavily doped systems, when only electron or only hole pockets are present.     

Spin-triplet superconductivity due to antiferromagnetic spin-fluctuation in Sr2RuO4

A mechanism leading to the spin-triplet superconductivity is proposed based on the antiferromagnetic spin-fluctuation. The effects of anisotropy in spin-fluctuation on the Cooper pairing and on the direction of d vector are examined in the one-band Hubbard model with random-phase approximation. The gap equations for the anisotropic case are derived and applied to Sr2RuO4. It is found that a nesting property of the Fermi surface together with the anisotropy leads to the triplet superconductivity with the d = &zcirc;(sink(x)+/-isink(y)), which is consistent with experiments.     

Coexistence model of anisotropic electron hole pairing and unconventional superconductivity in Heavy Fermion compounds

Various Heavy Fermion compounds exhibit unconventional superconductivity together with another electronic instability like a spin density wave or possibly a more general type of anisotropic electron-hole pairing, e.g. a spin nematic state. The coexistence behaviour of these order parameters is studied within a simple weak coupling model. It is found that depeding on the symmetry of the order parameters coexistence or phase expulsion may occur. Whereas the former case is possibly realized for theU-based superconductors, CeCu₂Si₂ may be an example of the second case as observed and discussed in the context of elastic constant anomalies.     

Exact solutions for a type of electron pairing model with spin-orbit interactions and Zeeman coupling

A type of electron pairing model with spin-orbit interactions or Zeeman coupling is solved exactly in the framework of the Richardson ansatz. Based on the exact solutions for the case with spin-orbit interactions, it is shown rigorously that the pairing symmetry is of the p + ip wave and the ground state possesses time-reversal symmetry, regardless of the strength of the pairing interaction. Intriguingly, how Majorana fermions can emerge in the system is also elaborated. Exact results are illustrated for two systems, respectively, with spin-orbit interactions and Zeeman coupling.     

Anisotropic property in interacting quantum wires embedded in (110) plane

We investigate the theoretically combined effect of spin-orbit interactions and Coulomb interaction on the ground state and transport property of a quantum wire oriented along different crystallographic directions in the (110) plane. We find that the electron’s ground state exhibits phase transition among spin density wave, charge density wave, singlet superconductivity and metamagnetism, which can be controlled by changing the crystallographic orientation, the strengths of the spin-orbit interactions and the Coulomb interaction. The ac conductance exhibits a significant anisotropic behavior and a out-of-plane spin polarization which can be tuned by an in-plane electric field.