左旋多巴在单层碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为

单层碳纳米管修饰电极对左旋多巴的电化学氧化还原具有很高的催化活性.在pH 4.6的0.1 mol/L HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,可得到一对峰形很好的氧化还原峰.电极反应受扩散控制,反应过程中电子的得失伴随着等量的质子参与.氧化峰电流与左旋多巴浓度在2.1×10-4～5.0×10-6 mol/L范围内成线性关系,检测限为2.0×10-6 mol/L.     

碳纳米管修饰电极对多巴胺和肾上腺素的电分离及同时测定

研究了多巴胺 (DA)和肾上腺素 (EP)在多壁碳纳米管 (MWNT)修饰电极上的电化学性质 ,发现该修饰电极对神经递质DA和EP有显著的增敏和电分离作用。还原峰电位差达ΔEp=390mV ,可同时测定DA和EP。DA和EP的还原峰电流与其浓度分别在 2 .0× 10 -6～ 1.0× 10 -3 mol/L和 1.0× 10 -6～ 1.0× 10 -3 mol/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系 ;方法的检出限分别为 1× 10 -6mol/L和 5× 10 -7mol/L。由于抗坏血酸 (AA)在MWNT修饰电极上的氧化是不可逆的 ,因此利用还原峰进行测定 ,消除了AA对DA和EP的干扰     

L-半胱氨酸自组装膜电极对米吐尔的电催化及其分析应用

研究了米吐尔在L 半胱氨酸自组装膜修饰金电极上的电化学行为。米吐尔在该修饰电极上的CV曲线仅出现一对峰 ,其峰形对称 ,ΔEp =42mV ,氧化还原峰电流之比约等于 1,为可逆反应 ;扩散系数D =2 .2 4× 10 - 6 cm2 ·s- 1 。初步探讨了电催化机理。差分脉冲伏安法测定其氧化峰电流与米吐尔浓度在 5 .0× 10 - 7～ 2 .0× 10 - 5mol/L和 5 .0× 10 - 5～ 1.0× 10 - 3 mol/L范围内分段呈线性关系 ;相关系数分别为 0 .9987和 0 .9972 ;检测限 1.0× 10 - 8mol/L     

核黄素的微分脉冲溶出伏安分析

采用循环伏安法和微分脉冲溶出伏安法,对核黄素在裸金电极和巯基化合物分子自组装膜修饰金电极上的电化学行为进行了研究,发现在pH4.8的B-R缓冲溶液中,核黄素在裸金电极和分子自组装膜修饰金电极上均于-0.35V左右产生一对可逆的氧化还原峰。核黄素在裸金电极和谷胱甘肽、三巯基丙酸、二巯基苯丙咪唑分子自组装膜修饰金电极上,其浓度分别在3.0×10-7～2.3×10-4mol/L、1.05×10-6～2.0×10-4mol/L、2.1×10-6～2.08×10-4mol/L、1.05×10-6～2.0×10-4mol/L范围内与微分脉冲伏安峰峰电流之间有良好的线性关系,其相关系数分别为0.9932、0.9909、0.9857、0.9832,核黄素的检出限为2.1×10-7mol/L、5.2×10-7mol/L、8.6×10-7mol/L、5.2×10-7mol/L。对浓度为1.0×10-5mol/L的核黄素进行10次平行测定,所得峰电流的相对标准偏差为2.0%。将该方法用于核黄素片剂和复合维生素B片剂的测定,结果令人满意。     

聚L-谷氨酸/石墨充蜡修饰电极测定多巴胺

用充蜡石墨电极 (WGE)在L 谷氨酸 (GA)无水乙醇溶液中恒电位于 1.6V(vs.SCE)氧化制备了一种聚GA修饰电极 (GA/WGE) ,该电极可用于肾上腺素 (EP)和抗坏血酸 (AA)共存下对多巴胺 (DA)的测定。该电极的灵敏度和选择性主要取决于阳极极化电位与极化时间、富集电位和溶液的pH。DA在该电极上呈现一对循环伏安峰 ,Em=0 .14 5V ,为 1电子 / 1质子的准可逆氧化还原过程。AA和EP也能够在电极上富集和催化氧化 ,伏安峰分别在 0 .30V和 0 .17V。当AA浓度小于 0 .1mmol/L时 ,电极对AA基本不响应 ,可以用DA的氧化峰电流做定量分析。线性范围为 2 .0× 10 -4～ 5 .0× 10 -7mol/L ;检出限为 2 .5× 10 -7mol/L。当AA的浓度较大或在AA、EP共存下 ,可利用DA氧化的再还原峰电流做定量分析。线性范围为 1.0× 10 -4～ 2 .5× 10 -6mol/L ;检出限为 7.5× 10 -7mol/L。该电极制作简便 ,重现性良好 ,定量结果也令人满意     

嵌入式超薄碳膜电极的伏安行为及其应用

以镍铬合金为基体,在其表面嵌入碳膜或碳纳米管,制备了超薄碳膜电极,并用于酚磺乙胺(ETA)的测定。超薄碳膜电极对ETA有良好的电催化作用和增敏作用,与玻碳电极相比,氧化峰电位负移120mV,还原峰电位正移160mV,电流响应明显增大。在最优条件下,ETA浓度在5×10-7 ~9×10-6 mol/L和9×10-6~6×10-5 mol/L之间与其氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0. 9967和0. 9979。该电极制备简便,价格低廉,用于酚磺乙胺的测定结果令人满意。     

多巴胺在DTNB自组装膜上的电催化研究

在金电极表面制备了DTNB(5,5′ Di thiobis(2 nitrobenzoicacid))自组装单分子层膜(DTNB/AuSAM)。多巴胺在DTNB自组装膜上有一对可逆性良好的氧化还原峰,其氧化峰电流与多巴胺的浓度在5.0×10-6mol/L～1.0×10-4mol/L的范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-6mol/L。在pH3.5的缓冲溶液中,在DTNB自组装膜上多巴胺和抗坏血酸的电化学响应可以明显区分,氧化峰电位分离达276mV。可用于抗坏血酸存在下多巴胺的检测。测定了盐酸多巴胺注射液中多巴胺的含量,其平均回收率为104%。     

肾上腺素在咖啡酸修饰电极上的电化学研究

研究了咖啡酸(CFA)修饰电极的性质,测定了电极反应的动力学常数.结果表明在pH 7.0的的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,肾上腺素(Ep)在该修饰电极上产生一灵敏的氧化峰,峰电流与Ep浓度在5.0×10-6～1.0×10-4 mol/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限为7.0×10-7 mol/L.修饰电极制备简单,稳定性好.     

5-羟色胺在碳纤维微电极上的电化学测定及伏安行为研究

本文研究了5 羟色胺在Na2HPO4 KH2PO4(pH6.0)缓冲溶液中,于自制的碳纤维微电极上的伏安行为。在此缓冲溶液中5 羟色胺有一对氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为0.2V和0.4V。峰电流与5 羟色胺的浓度分别在4.0×10-6～4.0×10-5mol/L和5.0×10-6～5.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为4.70×10-6mol/L和1.76×10-6mol/L。同时利用多种电化学方法求出了动力学参数。     

微渗析-液相色谱电化学检测法测定全血中的半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽

采用微渗析取样作为样品预处理技术,与高效液相色谱电化学检测联用,建立了一种测定血中半胱氨酸(Cys)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的新方法。电化学检测以玻碳电极为工作电极,结果表明在3.5×10-6～1.0×10-3mol/L浓度范围内,Cys和GSH的浓度分别与氧化峰的峰电流呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数分别为0.9971和0.9982,检测限分别为1.2×10-6mol/L和3.2×10-6mol/L。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.