Fe-Ni 共掺杂 ZnO 的制备及其光催化降解甲基橙活性

 采用溶液法制备了 Fe-Ni 共掺杂 ZnO 光催化剂, 并运用 X 射线衍射、扫描电镜和原子发射光谱等对催化剂进行了表征. 以甲基橙 (MO) 为模型污染物, 评价了样品的光催化活性, 考察了甲基橙初始浓度及其 pH 值, 以及催化剂用量等对光催化反应性能的影响. 结果表明, Fe-Ni 共掺杂降低了 ZnO 的结晶度, 并促进了晶粒的长大. 光催化降解反应表明, Fe-Ni 共掺杂显著提高了 ZnO 光催化降解甲基橙的活性, 当催化剂用量为 0.6 g/L, 经 120 min 紫外光照射时, 可使甲基橙溶液 (10 mg/L) 降解率达到 93.5%. 关键词：铁; 镍; 共掺杂; 氧化锌; 光催化; 甲基橙; 降解     

活性艳红X-3B水溶液的光化学与光催化协同脱色反应

 对影响活性艳红X－3B水溶液光化学与光催化协同脱色反应的各种条件（如溶液的pH值,紫外光照强度,空气流量,催化剂用量及溶液的初始浓度等）进行了考察．结果表明,降解率随着紫外光照强度的增强而加快,随着X－3B初始浓度的增大而减慢;催化剂最佳用量为4g／L,空气最佳流量为4．3L／h．在X－3B水溶液的光催化脱色过程中,存在有光解反应,但它远不如光催化反应重要．因此,活性艳红X－3B水溶液的降解是光化学与光催化的协同脱色反应．     

Keggin型铜取代磷钨杂多阴离子可见光催化降解罗丹明B

以Keggin型铜取代杂多阴离子PW11O39Cu(Ⅱ)(H2O)5-[PW11Cu]为可见光催化剂,有机染料罗丹明B(RhB)为模型污染物,研究了在可见光照射下PW11Cu对RhB的可见光催化降解作用,提出了PW11Cu可见光催化作用的反应机理,同时考察了RhB初始浓度、PW11Cu初始浓度和溶液pH值对RhB光催化降解速率的影响。 实验结果表明,含有15.6 μmol/L PW11Cu+10 μmol/L RhB的水溶液在可见光照射下反应80 min,RhB的降解率达100%,总有机碳去除率约33%。 RhB的可见光催化降解服从准一级动力学方程,在RhB初始浓度为20、30和40 μmol/L的情况下,其表观一级速率常数分别为3.1×10-2、2.0×10-2和1.5×10-2 min-1。     

纳米TiO_2光催化芳香醛的缩醛反应研究

本文以纳米TiO2为催化剂,UV-LED（=365 nm）为紫外光源,在自制的恒温石英玻璃光催化反应器中成功实现了芳香醛的非均相光催化缩醛反应.以乙醇等作为溶剂和反应物,快速高效和高选择性地合成了苯甲醛二乙基缩醛（BDA）.在光强为0.6 mw/cm2,苯甲醛初始浓度为0.05 mol/L,催化剂TiO2（P25）用量为5.0 g/L,反应时间为15 min的条件下,苯甲醛二乙缩醛的产率可达99.86%.研究表明,氧气的存在是顺利发生光催化缩醛反应的重要条件.反应液pH值、醇溶剂种类及苯环对位取代基等因素都会对光催化缩醛反应速率和产率产生影响.pH值及醇溶剂的pKa越小,缩醛反应速率越快.苯环上对位取代基会抑制缩醛反应的进行,其中供电子取代基相对吸电子取代基更有利于缩醛反应进行.结合实验,提出了光催化缩醛反应的机理.     

固定态TiO_2光催化分解水中对氯苯胺(PCA)

本文以固定在泡沫镍网上的 Ti O2 为催化剂 ,对水中 PCA光催化降解行为进行了研究。结果表明 ,在有氧存在下 ,光催化能有效分解 PCA。反应速率依赖于 PCA的初始浓度、溶液 p H、氧气浓度等。对 PCA为 8.65× 10 -5mol dm-3时 ,初始量子产率为 4 .54%。 PCA完全矿化比其降解需要长得多的时间。缺氧时可通过外加阳极偏压促使光催化反应进行。 PCA的降解动力学可用 Langmuir- Hinshelwood方程来描述 ,中间产物主要有苯胺、对氯硝基苯、偶氮苯、4 - 4′-二氯偶氮苯和硝基苯 ,它们最终矿化为 NH4 +、Cl-、NO3-和 CO2 。     

Meso-四-（4-磺基苯基）卟啉钴/过硫酸钠-过氧化氢催化氧化降解农药敌敌畏

研究了CoTPPS4/Na2S2O8-H2O2体系(CoTPPS4:meso-四-（4-磺基苯基）卟啉钴)对农药敌敌畏(DDVP)催化氧化降解效果,探讨了氧化剂种类及比例、催化剂用量、农药初始浓度、pH值及反应温度等因素对催化降解速度的影响,并在优化条件下对降解反应的动力学进行了考察。结果表明,随着催化剂用量增加、初始农药浓度的降低、pH值升高(pH值为5～9)和温度的上升,DDVP降解速率增加。室温时,在pH=9缓冲溶液中,农药初始浓度为1.015×10-4 mol/L、CoTPPS4加入量为2.4×10-3 g时,5 mL 0.050 mol/L Na2S2O8-H2O2（体积比4∶1）混合氧化剂存在条件下,7 h后DDVP农药降解率可达72.8%,反应速率常数为0.190 h-1。降解反应动力学研究表明,CoTPPS4催化混合氧化剂降解DDVP农药为表观一级反应,反应表观活化能Ea为5.052 kJ/mol。     

Sm-N-P-TiO_2纳米光催化剂在模拟太阳光下光催化降解4-氯酚的动力学

采用改进的溶胶-水热技术,制备了新型高性能Sm-N-P-TiO2纳米光催化剂。考察了条件因素对4-氯酚(4-CP)溶液在模拟太阳光下光催化降解的影响规律,并对不同催化剂的光活性进行了对比研究。结果表明,在实验条件下,4-CP光催化降解行为符合准一级动力学规律;随着4-CP溶液浓度增大,一级反应速率常数不断降低。在4-CP溶液初始浓度40 mg/L、催化剂用量1.5 g/L、溶液pH=5.2、溶液温度36℃、500 W氙灯照射2 h条件下,4-CP完全分解,表观速率常数Kapp为5.32×10-2min-1,Sm-N-P-TiO2的光催化活性是混晶型纳米TiO2(P25)的3.49倍;TOC去除率达到96.8%。     

在 Pt/TiO2上光催化降解污水中的对氟苯甲酸

在Pt/TiO2存在下,研究了光催化降解对氟苯甲酸的反应.考察了反应时间、溶液初始pH值以及污染物初始浓度对光催化反应的影响.结果表明,溶液的紫外吸光度值随反应时间不断下降;反应7 h时,溶液的TOC去除率达23.2%;反应0.5～2 h内,氟离子平均生成速率为3.53×10-5mol.L-1.h-1;在反应3～7 h内,氟离子平均生成速率为6.22×10-5mol.L-1.h-1.在溶液初始pH值=3.34～3.72时,氟离子生成速率最大,在碱性范围内,氟离子的生成速率为零.当C0(p-fluorobenzoic acid)<1.80×10-3mol.L-1时,光催化降解生成氟离子的速率随着对氟苯甲酸浓度的增大而增大;当C0(p-fluorobenzoic acid)>2.00×10-3mol.L-1时,光催化降解生成氟离子的速率不再随污染物浓度的变化而发生变化.探讨了可能的反应机理.     

C/Fe-Bi_2WO_6光催化氧化诺氟沙星废水的效能及其机理

采用树脂碳化和水热两步法制备C/Fe-Bi_2WO_6光催化剂,对不同光催化剂光催化降解诺氟沙星溶液的去除效果进行对比研究。考察了条件因素对诺氟沙星(NOR)溶液在模拟太阳光下光催化氧化降解的影响规律。结果表明,在实验条件下,NOR光催化氧化降解符合L-H拟一级反应动力学模型,在NOR溶液初始浓度10 mg/L、溶液p H=7.0、催化剂用量0.75 g/L、H_2O_2浓度为200 mg/L、500 W氙灯照射60 min条件下,NOR完全分解,表观速率常数K_(app)为0.0751 min-1。采用分子荧光光谱法,对C/Fe-Bi_2WO_6光催化氧化去除NOR体系中羟基自由基生成规律进行研究,并推测了反应机理。结合LC-MS的分析结果,推测了NOR可能的降解路径和中间产物。     

气相苯在TiO2光催化剂上吸附常数和光催化反应常数测定

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2光催化剂以及掺杂Fe3 和Ce3 的TiO2光催化剂,进行间歇式光催化降解气相苯动力学实验,基于光催化Langmuir-Hinshelwood反应动力学模型(L-H模型),测定气相苯在3种光催化剂上的降解动力学常数和吸附平衡常数.根据光催化降解气相苯实验动力学曲线和L-H模型,估算出TiO2、Fe3 /TiO2和Ce3 /TiO2光催化剂光催化降解苯的反应速率常数k和Langmuir吸附常数K分别为0.5247g/m3·min、1.523g/m3·min、1.010g/m3·min和8.605×10-2m3/g、2.390×10-2m3/g、3.928×10-2m3/g.掺杂Fe3 和Ce3 可明显提高光催化剂光催化降解苯的反应速率常数k,其中Fe3 /TiO2,的反应速率常数k最大.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.