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纳米尺度上的生物分析化学是当今国际生物分析领域研究的前沿和热点.该文阐述了纳米粒子在电化学免疫传感器及电化学DNA传感器领域的应用,着重介绍了以纳米材料为载体设计新型的具有生物分子识别和电信号增强作用的纳米标记粒子在构建高灵敏电化学生物传感器以及多组分同时检测中的应用. 相似文献
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分子印迹聚合物与磁性纳米材料结合,制备成磁性分子印迹纳米敏感膜,这样做不仅可以发挥分子印迹聚合材料的优势,而且磁性纳米粒子可有效提高电化学传感器的灵敏度、稳定性以及生物相容性等.近年来将磁性分子印迹纳米敏感膜应用于电化学传感器制备成的磁性分子印迹电化学传感器得到了较快的发展.本文就近5年来磁性分子印迹电化学传感器敏感膜... 相似文献
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纳米电化学生物传感器 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
杨海朋|陈仕国|李春辉|陈东成|戈早川 《化学进展》2009,21(1):210-216
纳米电化学生物传感器是将纳米材料作为一种新型的生物传感介质,与特异性分子识别物质如酶、抗原/抗体、DNA等相结合,并以电化学信号为检测信号的分析器件。本文简要介绍了生物传感器的分类和纳米材料在电化学生物传感器中的应用及其优势,综述了近年来各类纳米电化学生物传感器在生物检测方面的研究进展,包括纳米颗粒生物传感器,纳米管、纳米棒、纳米纤维与纳米线生物传感器,以及纳米片与纳米阵列生物传感器等。 相似文献
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21世纪的第一个十年被称为"传感的十载".功能纳米材料为灵敏的生物传感器件(包括光学和电生物传感)的制备提供了优秀的平台.这方面的大多数工作主要聚焦于不同纳米材料的生物功能化,例如金属纳米粒子、半导体纳米粒子和碳纳米粒子,功能化方式包括物理吸附、静电结合、特异性识别或共价键合.这些生物功能化纳米材料可以用作催化剂、电导体、光发射剂、载体或示踪剂,以获取被放大的检测信号、稳定的识别探针或生物传感界面.设计的信号放大策略已经极大地促进了不同领域中稳定、特异、具有选择性和灵敏的生物传感器的发展.本文介绍了基于功能纳米材料的一些生物传感新原理和检测新策略,也讨论了纳米材料的生物功能化方法和生物传感在蛋白质的免疫分析、DNA检测、糖分析和细胞传感中的应用. 相似文献
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采用表面印迹技术,以磁性二氧化硅纳米粒子(Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs)作为载体、血红蛋白(Hb)为模板分子、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为印迹聚合物单体,制备了Hb印迹Fe3O4@SiO2的磁性印迹纳米粒子(MMIPs NPs). MMIPs NPs具有磁性内核和血红蛋白印迹壳层的核壳结构,可以富集并固定Hb. 使用壳聚糖将MMIPs NPs固定于磁性电极表面,构建血红蛋白类酶生物传感器,研究了Hb对过氧化氢(H2O2)的催化活性. MMIPS NPS相比于磁性非印迹纳米粒子(MNIPS NPS),催化电流增加了14.3%. 采用磁性电极,MMIPS NPS、Hb和O2的顺磁性使得该类酶生物传感器对H2O2的催化电流增加了60.0%. 血红蛋白类酶生物传感器电流响应与H2O2浓度在25 ~ 200 μmol·L-1间呈线性关系,检出限为3 μmol·L-1(S/N=3),表明该类酶传感器对H2O2具有良好的催化性能. 相似文献
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《Analytical letters》2012,45(2):366-380
Abstract A single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)/nano-Fe3O4/methylene blue (MB) magnetic composite was developed to fabricate the DNA biosensor. The magnetic SWNTs/nano-Fe3O4 and SWNTs/nano-Fe3O4/MB composites were prepared by chemical coprecipitation and adsorption, respectively. The morphology, infrared, and magnetic properties of different composites were characterized. The behavior of MB adsorbed in the composite matrix as indicator for the detection of DNA was studied via MB reductive current changes between after and before combination with DNA. Owing to the high electrical conduction of SWNTs and superparamagnetism of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the biosensor exhibited simple operation, high sensitivity, and easy renewal. The biosensor was successfully applied to detect the hybridization of DNA. 相似文献
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《Analytical letters》2012,45(8):1297-1310
Eleven glucose biosensors were prepared by cross-linking, entrapment, and layer-by-layer assembly to investigate the influence of these immobilization methods on performance. The effects of separate nanozeolites combined with magnetic nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes in the enzyme composition on the performance of glucose biosensors were compared. Cyclic voltammetric studies were carried out on the biosensors. Acrylonitrile copolymer/nanozeolite/carbon nanotube and acrylonitrile copolymer/nanozeolite/magnetic nanoparticle electrodes prepared by a cross-linking method showed the highest electroactivity. These results indicated that a synergistic effect occurred when multiwalled carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, and nanozeolites were combined that greatly improved the electron transfer ability of the sensors. Amperometric measurements by the glucose oxidase electrodes were obtained that showed that the acrylonitrile copolymer/nanozeolite/carbon nanotube electrode was the most sensitive (10.959 microamperes per millimolar). The lowest detection limit for this biosensor was 0.02 millimolar glucose, with a linear dynamic range up to 3 millimolar. The response after thirty days was 81 percent of the initial current. 相似文献
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铂纳米颗粒修饰直立碳纳米管电极的葡萄糖生物传感器 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于Pt纳米颗粒修饰直立的碳纳米管电极制备了葡萄糖生物传感器.铂纳米颗粒是利用电位脉冲沉积法修饰到直立碳纳米管上的,可以增强电极对酶反应过程当中产生的过氧化氢的催化行为.用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了直立碳纳米管在修饰Pt纳米颗粒前后的形态.该酶电极对葡萄糖的氧化表现出很好的响应,线性范围为1×10-5~7×10-3mol/L,响应时间小于5s,并且有很好的重现性. 相似文献
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《Electroanalysis》2018,30(3):517-524
We propose a separation/concentration‐signal‐amplification in‐one method based on electrochemical conversion (ECC) of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to develop a facile and sensitive electrochemical biosensor for chloramphenicol (CAP) detection. Briefly, aptamer‐modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs‐Apt) was designed to capture CAP in sample, then the MNPs‐Apt composite was conjugated to Au electrode through the DNA hybridization between the unoccupied aptamer and a strand of complementary DNA. The ECC method was applied to transfer MNPs labels to electrochemically active Prussian blue (PB). The anodic and cathodic currents of PB were taken for signal readout. Comparing with conventional methods that require electrochemically active labels and related sophisticated labelling procedures, this method explored and integrated the magnetic and electrochemical properties of MNPs into one system, in turn realized magnetic capturing of CAP and signal generation without any additional conventional labels. Taking advantages of the high abundance of iron content in MNPs and the refreshing effect deriving from ECC process, the method significantly promoted the signal amplification. Therefore, the proposed biosensors exhibited linear detection range from 1 to 1000 ng mL−1 and a limit of detection down to 1 ng mL−1, which was better than or comparable with those of most analogues, as well as satisfactory specificity, storage stability and feasibility for real samples. The developed method may lead to new concept for rapid and facile biosensing in food safety, clinic diagnose/therapy and environmental monitoring fields. 相似文献