Simultaneous assay of four stereoisomers of diltiazem hydrochloride. Application to in vitro chiral inversion studies

Summary The simultaneous stereospecific assay of four stereoisomers of diltiazem hydrochloride in bulk drug and aqueous solution was developed using HPLC on a Chiralcel OF column. The four isomers were quantitated with good precision by the internal standard method. The chiral inversion of (+)-cis-diltiazem hydrochloride in vitro, stability of its (2S, 3S) configuration in the solid and aqueous states was examined by HPLC. Chiral inversion of (+)-cis-diltiazem hydrochloride was not observed in the solid state, and its (2S, 3S) configuration was stable to heat, humidity and light. Chiral inversion of (+)-cis-diltiazem hydrochloride (2S, 3S) was observed in aqueous solution under UV, but not in aqueous solution stored at 80°C for 5h nor under visible light for 10 h. The (+)-cis-diltiazem hydrochloride (2S, 3S) epimerized to (+)-trans-diltiazem hydrochloride (2R, 3S) with a half-life of 5h in aqueous solution under UV but the reverse chiral inversion of (+)-trans-diltiazem hydrochloride (2R, 3S) to (+)-cis-diltiazem hydrochloride (2S, 3S) was not observed.     

16S,20S-环氧孕甾-3S-醇乙酸酯的合成及其区域选择性环氧开环取代反应

提供了一种将剑麻皂甙元降解产物孕甾三醇转化为16S,20S-环氧孕甾-3S-醇乙酸酯（4b）的合成方法,并系统地考察了其在不同条件下的环氧开环反应.研究发现16S,20S-环氧孕甾-3S-醇乙酸酯可选择性地被转化为20R-溴代孕甾-3S,16S-二醇二乙酸酯、20R-溴代孕甾-3S,16S-二醇-3-乙酸酯、20R-氯...     

Simultaneous assay of four stereoisomers of diltiazem hydrochloride. Application to in vitro chiral inversion studies

Summary The simultaneous stereospecific assay of four stereoisomers of diltiazem hydrochloride in bulk drug and aqueous solution was developed using HPLC on a Chiralcel OF column. The four isomers were quantitated with good precision by the internal standard method. The chiral inversion of (+)-cis-diltiazem hydrochloride in vitro, stability of its (2S, 3S) configuration in the solid and aqueous states was examined by HPLC. Chiral inversion of (+)-cis-diltiazem hydrochloride was not observed in the solid state, and its (2S, 3S) configuration was stable to heat, humidity and light. Chiral inversion of (+)-cis-diltiazem hydrochloride (2S, 3S) was observed in aqueous solution under UV, but not in aqueous solution stored at 80°C for 5 h nor under visible light for 10 h. The (+)-cis-diltiazem hydrochloride (2S, 3S) epimerized to (+)-trans-diltiazem hydrochloride (2R, 3S) with a half-life of 5 h in aqueous solution under UV but the reverse chiral inversion of (+)-trans-diltiazem hydrochloride (2R, 3S) to (+)-cis-diltiazem hydrochloride (2S, 3S) was not observed.     

Long-range exciton-coupled circular dichroism: application for determination of the absolute configuration of oligonaphthalenes

Hexadecanaphthalenes (S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S)-4b and (S,S,S,S,S,S,S,R,S,S,S,S,S,S,S)-4b that possess two tetraphenylporphyrins (TPP) on the upper and lower naphthalene rings were synthesized. Long-range exciton-coupled CD in the Soret region of TPP (about 66 A) was observed. [structure: see text]     

二甲基二硫醚在248 nm的激光光解

Callear和Dickson曾研究过CH_3SSCH_3在195nm的闪光光解,指出S—S键和C—S键同时断裂,并认为光子的过剩能量在光解碎片中是按统计模型分配的。由于CH_3SSCH_3光解在光化学和环境化学中的重要性,S—S键在生物化学中也有重要的地位,我们用分子束激光裂解碎片的平动能谱仪,研究了CH_3SSCH_3在248nm的光裂解,得到光解碎片的平动能分布。结果表明,S—S键的断裂不符合统计模型。实验装置如前所进。CH_3SSCH_3(Merck Co.)蒸气(～30Torr)在室温下由空气载带,经喷嘴直径0.5mm的脉冲阀,以频率80Hz喷入源室。形成的超声分子束准直后的全     

Palladium/BINAP(S)-catalyzed asymmetric allylic amination

The enantioselective allylic amination of acyclic allylic carbonates catalyzed by a palladium/(S)-BINAP(S) system was investigated. Amination of several substrates proceeded with high ee. Crotyl carbonates show an unusually high regioselectivity for the branched isomer. The use of (S)-TolBINAP(S) and (S)-3,5-xylyl-BINAP(S) as ligands was found to increase the enantioselectivity of the aminations. A P,S binding mode of the BINAP(S) ligand was found in an X-ray crystallographic study. [reaction: see text]     

新型手性N-烷基-3-蒎胺类化合物的合成及其抑菌活性的研究

以(1S,5S)-(－)-α-蒎烯为原料合成了系列新型(1S,2S,3S,5R)-N-烷基-3-蒎胺类化合物. (－)-α-蒎烯经硼氢化氧化、重铬酸吡啶盐(PDC)氧化得到(1S,2S,5R)-(－)-3-蒎酮; 在BF3•(C2H5)2O催化下(1S,2S,5R)-(－)-3-蒎酮与伯胺化合物反应生成Schiff碱, 再经KBH4或NaBH4还原得到(1S,2S,3S,5R)-N-烷基-3-蒎胺类化合物. 采用FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR和GC-MS等分析手段对合成所得(1S,2S,5R)-N-烷基-3-蒎烷亚胺和(1S,2S,3S,5R)-N-烷基-3-蒎胺类化合物的结构进行了表征. 考察了(1S,2S,3S,5R)-N-烷基-3-蒎胺类化合物对大肠杆菌(E. coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus)、枯草芽胞杆菌(B. subtilis)、荧光假单胞菌(P. fluorescens)、白色念珠菌(C. albicans)、黑曲霉(A. niger)和米根霉(R. oryzae)等细菌和真菌的抑菌和杀菌活性. 结果表明(1S,2S,3S,5R)-N-正庚基-3-蒎胺对真菌和细菌均表现出良好的杀菌和抑菌活性.     

Comparison of compositions and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from chemically stimulated agarwood, wild agarwood and healthy Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) gilg trees

The composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils which were obtained from agarwood originated from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg stimulated by the chemical method (S1) were characterized, taking wild agarwood (S2) and healthy trees (S3) respectively as the positive and negative controls. The chemical composition of S1 was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil of S1 showed a similar composition to that of S2, being rich in sesquiterpenes and aromatic constituents. However, the essential oil of S3 was abundant in fatty acids and alkanes. Essential oils of S1 and S2 had better inhibition activities towards Bacillus subtilis and Staphyloccus aureus, compared with essential oil of S3. Escherichia coli was not sensitive to any of them.     

The 11S proteasome activator: Isolation from mouse brain and the influence on peptide substrate hydrolysis of the 20S and 26S proteasomes

Purification of the 11S proteasome regulator from mouse brain was optimized; the subunit composition of the isolated protein was determined by Western blot. The dependency of 20S proteasome peptidase activity on the molar concentration of the 11S regulator was examined. The Michaelis constants of hydrolysis of the specific fluorescent substrates Suc–Leu–Leu–Val–Tyr–AMC, Ac–Arg–Leu–Arg–AMC, and Z–Leu–Leu–Glu–AMC by the 20S proteasome from BALB/c mouse brain and the 20S–11S complex were determined. It was shown that the 11S particle has almost no influence on binding of specific fluorescent substrates to the 20S proteasome, but strongly accelerates hydrolysis of all three substrates, while not affecting the rate of peptide substrate hydrolysis by the 26S proteasome.     

The Properties of an HBV Surface Antigen Protein Carrying the Binding Site for the Receptor of Hepatocytes——Its Formation of Surface Antigen Particles and Secretion From Discrete Cell Lines

A human hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene, which encodes the major surface antigen protein(S protein) carrying the hepatocyte receptor-binding site, was constructed with site-directed mutagenesis and in vitro recombination. When expressed in monkey kidney cell line COS-M6, this gene product (S309 protein) formed surface antigen (HBsAg) particles and secreted from the cells. It was stable within the cells and in the culture medium and could be immunoprecipitated with antisera directed against plasma-derived HBsAg or synthetic preS1 polypeptide. Isopycnic CsCl gradient centrifugation showed that the density of S309 protein particles (1.25 g/ml) was slightly higher than that of S protein particles. The S309 protein was readily secretable from hepatoma cell lines, and the amount secreted was comparable to that of the S protein. By contrast, only about 10% of the S309 protein was secreted from COS-M6 cells, and its appearance in culture medium was delayed. The efficiency of the secretion of the S309 protein can b     

Age-related changes of aqueous protein profiles in rat fast and slow twitch skeletal muscles

Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to generate the aqueous protein expression patterns of rat extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL, fast twitch muscle) and solues muscle (SOL, slow twitch muscle) of different ages. Two specific protein spots, S1 and S3, were identified from EDL muscles at the ages of 12 and 18 months onward respectively. In the EDL muscles of aged rat (24 months) after intensive exercise training, S3 was still detected while S1 disappeared. In addition, diaphragm muscle (DIA, fast twitch muscle), which retains physically active throughout the life span, was used as nondisuse control. The results showed that the expressions of S1 and S3 in 24-month DIA muscle were identical with the trained aged EDL muscle. It is suggested that exercise might delay the onset of S1 expression. However, the expression of S3 over age seemed to be progressive and exercise independent. Another protein spot, S2 was identified to express only in young EDL and SOL muscles, but its expression decreased over age. Furthermore, exercise has no effect on S2 expression since S2 could not be detected in aged DIA as well as trained aged EDL and SOL muscles. These results indicated that aqueous protein expression patterns of skeletal muscle undergo changes during aging. Some of these changes such as S2 and S3 appear progressively, and some such as S1 could be delayed by exercise. S3 was identified as ubiquitin, which might play an important role in protein degradation during skeletal muscle aging process.     

Study on the Stereoselective Synthesis of Carbapenem Sidechain (2S,4S)-4-Acetylsulphanyl-2-[(S)-1-phenylethylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic Acid 4-Nitrobenzyl Ester

A stereoselective and economic synthesis of the carbapenem sidechain (2S, 4S)-4-ace-tylsulphanyl-2-[(S)1-phenylethyl-carbamoyl] pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid 4-nitrobenzylester was developed. Due to the effect of spatial hindrance, only the (2S,4S) diastereomer 3 wasobtained by coupling 1 and the inexpensive racemic 2 catalyzed by EEDQ.     

Synthesis and characterization of an anomeric sulfur analogue of CMP-sialic acid

alpha-2,3-Sialyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid (1) to a lactose acceptor. An analogue of 1 was synthesized in which the anomeric oxygen atom was replaced with a sulfur atom (1S). The key step in the synthesis of 1S was a tetrazole-promoted coupling of a cytidine-5'-phosphoramidite with a glycosyl thiol of a protected sialic acid. Compounds 1 and 1S were characterized for their activity in a sialyl transfer assay. The rate of solvolysis in aqueous buffer of analogue 1S was 50-fold slower than that of 1. Analogue 1S was found to be substrate for alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase. The K(m) of 1S was just 3-fold higher than that of 1, while the k(cat) of 1S was 2 orders of magnitude lower compared to 1.     

Preparation of D-Phenylalanine by Asymmetric Transformation

The method of preparing D-phenylalanine by asymmetric transformation is reported.D-phenylalanine was prepared from DL-phenylalanine by two-step reaction.D-phenylalanine(2S,3S)-tartrate was prepared by heating DL-phenylalanine,salicylaldehyde,and (2S,3S)-tartaric acid in propionic acid;the obtained D-phenylalanine(2S,3S)-tartrate was treated with triethylamine in ethanol giving D-phenylalanine with 98% optical purity in 69% yield.     

水系锂离子电池负极聚硫代苯醌的合成与电化学性能

通过硫化聚合的方法,以四氯苯醌(TCQ)为单体合成了聚硫代苯醌(PBQS)材料。本文改变S的加入量,探讨了不同摩尔比的S和Na₂S对PBQS电极电化学性能的影响。当S和Na₂S摩尔比为0.4时,形成两个氯原子被硫取代的PBQS-0.4稳定结构。PBQS-0.4电极放电比容量达到140 mAh·g^-1以上,显现出良好的循环稳定性和优异的倍率性能。而当S和Na₂S摩尔比降至0.25时,氯取代不完全、聚合程度不高; S和Na₂S摩尔比增至0.7 : 1时,聚合物中可能形成了不稳定的累积S-S键;上述两方面都导致电极性能明显下降。     

Translucent nanolatexes through emulsion polymerisation of ethyl acrylate

Turbid emulsion systems of ethylacrylate/sodium dodecyl sulphate/water with monomer to surfactant (M/S) ratios 10 and 40 were transformed into stable transparent/translucent nanolatexes through emulsion polymerisation using potassium persulphate as an initiator. The latex particle size was observed to be similar to that obtained by true microemulsion polymerisation where M/S ratio is one. The kinetic plots exhibited two intervals upto M/S ratios 10. AIBN initiated systems showed separation of two phases for the M/S ratio ?10. M/S ratios were varied from 1 to 54 for the comparative study of polymerisation in emulsion and microemulsion media. Gel effect dominance was observed around 40-60% conversion for the microemulsion polymerisation of ethylacrylate. Only one chain per particle was observed for microemulsion system with M/S ratio 1 and three to four chains per particle were observed for the systems with M/S ratios 10 and 40. Unlike M/S=1 system, higher dependency of polymerisation rate on initiator concentration was observed for the systems with M/S=10 and 40. A possible mechanism for such a transformation has been proposed.     

孕甾三醇的区域选择性乙酰化/溴代反应的研究

为合理利用剑麻皂甙元资源, 系统地考察了孕甾-3S,16S,20S-三醇和溴化氢/乙酸溶液的反应, 并且发现了孕 甾-3S,16S,20S-三醇的区域选择性乙酰化溴代反应, 从而为转化孕甾-3S,16S,20S-三醇成为16R-溴代孕甾-3S,20S-二醇二乙酸酯提供了一个有效方法.     

硫代硫酸盐浸金过程中连多硫酸根的高效毛细管电泳法分析

采用高效毛细管电泳对硫代硫酸盐提金浸出液中的S3O62-和S4O62-进行分析研究,对缓冲溶液,电压、和检测波长对分析的影响进行了探讨。适宜的分离条件为:5 mmol/L(NH4)2SO4、5 mmol/L NaH2PO4,pH 6的缓冲溶液;重力进样5s,电压-20kV,波长214nm,有效长度为30 cm。在0.1～6 mmol/L和0.05～4mmol/L范围内S3O62-和S4O62-浓度与峰面积呈线性关系,在此进样条件下,S3O62-与S4O62-浓度高于80与50 mmol/L时信噪比大于2。实际浸金液用缓冲溶液稀释100倍后,S3O62-与S4O62-可实现基线分离,其它离子几乎不干扰检测。     

A Thermodynamic Study on the Binding of PEG-Stearic Acid Copolymer with Lysozyme

The thermodynamics of the interaction between a copolymer of polyethyleneglycol400-stearic acid, S400, and lysozyme was investigated at pH=7.0 and 27 °C in phosphate buffer by isothermal titration calorimetry, ITC. The extended solvation model was used to reproduce the enthalpies of the S400 + lysozyme interactions. The solvation parameters recovered from the extended solvation model are attributed to the structural change of lysozyme and its biological activity. The binding parameters found for the interaction of S400 with lysozyme indicate that at low concentrations of S400, the lysozyme structure was destabilized but at higher concentrations of S400 lysozyme it was stabilized by S400. It is suggested that S400 interacts with a set of three identical binding sites on lysozyme.     

Lipase-catalyzed resolution of (2R*,3S*)- and (2R*,3R*)-3-methyl-3-phenyl-2-aziridinemethanol at low temperatures and determination of the absolute configurations of the four stereoisomers

[reaction: see text] Lipase-catalyzed resolution of (2R*,3S*)-3-methyl-3-phenyl-2-aziridinemethanol, (+/-)-2, at low temperatures gave synthetically useful (2R,3S)-2 and its acetate (2S,3R)-2a with (2S)-selectivity (E = 55 at -40 degrees C), while a similar reaction of (2R*,3R*)-3-methyl-3-phenyl-2-aziridinemethanol, (+/-)-3, gave (2S,3S)-3 and its acetate (2R,3R)-3a with (2R)-selectivity (E = 73 at -20 degrees C). Compound (+/-)-2 was prepared conveniently via diastereoselective addition of MeMgBr to tert-butyl 3-phenyl-2H-azirine-2-carboxylate, (+/-)-1a, which was successfully prepared by the Neber reaction of oxime tosylate of tert-butyl benzoyl acetate 7a. The tert-butyl ester was requisite to promote this reaction. For determination of the absolute configuration of (2S,3R)-2a, enantiopure (2S,3R)-2 was independently prepared in three steps involving diastereoselective methylation of 3-phenyl-2H-azirine-2-methanol, (S)-10, with MeMgBr. The absolute configuration of (2S,3S)-3 was determined by X-ray analysis of the corresponding N-(S)-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)propanoyl derivative (S,S,S)-13.