石墨炉原子吸收光谱法快速测定饮水中硒

硒是生物体必需的营养元素 ,但过量又会中毒。人体中的硒主要来自食品和饮水。饮水中硒的测定方法已有荧光法[1] 、原子荧光法[1] 、氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法[2 ] 和极谱法[3] 。以往的方法或操作繁琐 ,或受仪器的限制。本文建立了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定 ,方法不仅快速简便 ,而且测定结果准确可靠。方法的检出限为 3.0× 10 - 11ｇ ,精密度小于 5 % ,加标回收率在 96 %～ 10 5 %之间。1　试验部分1.1　主要仪器与试剂岛津ＡＡ 6 80 0原子吸收分光光度计 ,ＡＡ 6 5 0 0石墨炉 ,ＡＳＣ 6 10 0自动进样器 ,普通石墨管。硒标准储备溶液 (国…     

石墨消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定乳粉中硒的含量

<正>硒是人体必需的一种营养元素,硒摄入量过多或过少都会影响人的身体健康^[1]。食品中硒的测定方法主要有电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)^[2]、高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(HPLC-ICP-MS)^[3]、氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法(HG-AAS)^[4]以及氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)^[5],其中HG-AFS由于具有灵敏度高、分析快速、操作简单等特点被广泛应用于食品中硒含量的检测,     

流动注射氢化物发生双道原子荧光同时测定水中汞和硒

环境水样中汞和硒的测定,文献提出汞的测定方法有冷原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法和双硫腙比色法,而硒为原子荧光光谱法和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法。本文用双道原子荧光光谱仪同时测定水中汞和硒,方法更为简便快速,准确可靠。     

电化学氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定尿中砷的含量

正砷及其化合物广泛存在于土壤、水、空气、植物及动物等环境中,都有可能被人体吸收,从而引起砷中毒,砷含量高时有可能致人死亡,故对人体尿砷含量的检测有重要意义。目前,测定砷含量的方法有分光光度法[1]、氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法[2]、原子荧光光谱法[3-4]、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法[5]和电感耦合等离子体质谱法[6]等,其中,氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法具有仪器便宜,样品前处理简     

阿拉伯树脂增溶增敏分光光度法测定微量硒（Ⅳ）的研究

1　引言硒是对人体健康有益的微量元素。利用三苯甲烷类碱性染料显色剂分光光度法测定微量硒的研制已有报道 [1— 4] 。本文就配位用阴离子、三苯甲烷类染料、表面活性剂进行了筛选 ,发现阿拉伯树胶溶液对 Se( ) - I--孔雀绿混配络合物有很好的增溶增敏作用 ,能使灵敏度达到 ε660 =2 .5×1 0 5 ,选择性和再现性较好 ,线性范围宽 ,络合物的吸光度至少稳定 2 4 hr。该法已用于中草药灵芝和黄芪中微量硒的测定 ,回收率在 95% - 1 0 5%之间 ,结果令人满意。2　实验部分2 .1　主要仪器和试剂仪器 :72 2型光栅分光光度计 (上海第三分析仪器厂 )…     

石油焦中碳硫的测定

关于焦碳中碳的测定方法主要有燃烧 -非水滴定法或容量法[1～ 4] 、重量法[5] 、γ射线法[6] 和中子活化法[7] 。硫的测定方法主要有燃烧 -库仑法[8] 、燃烧 -红外吸收法[9] 或气相色谱法[1 0 ] 、X射线法[1 1 ] 。用CS- 34 4碳硫测定仪同时测定石油焦中碳硫含量 ,具有快速准确、人为误差小、测定范围宽的特点 ,为石油焦中碳硫的测定提供了一种简便、快速的方法。1　试验部分1 .1　主要仪器CS- 34 4碳硫测定仪 (美国 LECO公司 )坩埚 2 5mm× 2 5mm,在马弗炉中 1 30 0°C下灼烧 1 h以上。1 .2　试验方法1 .2 .1　碳标准校正 ( w C90 % )…     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水中痕量硒

硒是人体必需的微量元素 ,适量硒可降低癌症和心血管疾病的发病率 ,但硒含量过高可引起中毒性病变[1 ] 。对于硒的测定 ,通常采用可见光及荧光吸光光度法[2 ] ,这些方法需要用有机溶剂萃取 ,操作较麻烦 ,且采用消化法处理样品时 ,容易导致硒的挥发损失。火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水中硒 ,灵敏度较低 ,而将以钯等作改进剂的石墨炉原子吸收法 [3]用于水中硒的测定 ,吸光度虽有所提高 ,但灵敏度仍难以满足水中痕量硒的测试要求。本文采用平台石墨管与基体改进剂结合技术 ,对水中痕量硒测定 ,结果满意。1　试验部分1 .1　主要仪器与试剂美国 TJA…     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光度法测定方便面中微量砷

砷及含砷的化合物 ,被列为食品卫生监督的重点监测元素。砷的测定方法目前有银盐法、砷斑法[1] 。银盐法灵敏度低、干扰大 ;砷斑法为半定量方法 ,准确度不够。本文利用氢化物发生 原子荧光法 ,对方便面中微量总砷的测定方法进行了研究 ,取得了满意的结果。该方法具有操作简单、快速、干扰少、灵敏度高、线性范围宽等优点。1　试验部分1.1　主要仪器与试剂ＡＦＳ 2 30型双道原子荧光光度计 (北京海光仪器公司 )氢化物发生装置硼氢化钾溶液 :10 ｇ·Ｌ- 1,1.0 ｇＫＯＨ溶于2 0 0ｍｌ水中 ,加入硼氢化钾 2 .0 ｇ ,摇匀 ,临用现配。硫脲 抗坏…     

原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的硒

硒是一种非金属化学元素,微量硒是生物体必需的营养元素,但过量硒能引起中毒,使人产生脱发、胃肠功能紊乱、四肢麻木甚至偏瘫等病症,因此,有必要对环境中特别是农作物土壤中的硒进行监测[1]。硒的分析方法通常有氢化物原子吸收光谱法、分光光度法和原子荧光光谱法等。分光光度法、氢化物原子吸收光谱法操作复杂,检测灵敏度较低,原子荧光光谱法测定硒具有较高的灵敏度,应用日益广泛,但土壤样品中某些共存金属元素对硒的测     

微波消解ICP-AES法测定螺蛳肉中镉

镉是一种对人体有害的微量元素 ,即使存在于香烟中的微量镉经呼吸道进入人体 ,蓄积到一定程度也会危害健康[1] ,国家标准明确规定了食品中镉的限量[2 ] ,对食品中镉的测定方法有石墨炉原子吸收光谱法、火焰原子吸收光谱法、比色法[3] ,香烟中镉的测定已报道的有阳极溶出伏安法和微分电位溶出法[4 ,5] 。这些方法普遍存在样品处理时间长 ,试剂用量大 ,有些还使用对环境有污染的试剂。微波消解作为样品分析的新技术 ,由于消化样品能力强、速度快、消耗化学试剂少 ,金属元素不易挥发损失 ,污染小 ,空白值低等优势 ,已被广泛应用于化学分析前处…     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。