Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+δ)单晶的钉扎力标度和磁通钉扎机制

测量了 Bi2 Sr2 Ca Cu2 O8+δ单晶不同温度下的磁化曲线。根据 Bean临界态模型得到了不同温度下的钉扎力密度 FP 对磁场的依赖关系 ,发现在不同温度下的钉扎力密度可以标度在同一条曲线上。标度函数和最大钉扎力所对应的磁场与不可逆场 Hirr的比值都表明 Si2 Sr2 Ca Cu2 O8+δ单晶在磁通玻璃态的钉扎机制主要是正常相面钉扎。     

Ba1-xKxFe2As2单晶(Tc=38.5K)磁通钉扎力与钉扎机理研究

铁基超导体是在2008年由Hosono发现的一种新型超导材料, 由于其具有上临界场高、各向异性小、临界电流密度大等优点, 在世界范围内引起了广泛关注. 以Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂为代表的FeAs-122系超导体具有结构简单、合成温度低、单晶容易制备等优点, 是物理学家和材料学家关注的焦点. 本工作在获得最优化掺杂的Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂单晶(T_c = 38.5 K)基础上, 通过分析其在不同磁场条件下电阻温度变化关系、不同温度条件下的磁滞回线等数据, 系统的研究了Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂单晶磁通钉扎力和磁通钉扎机理. 研究发现Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂超导体具有非常高的磁通钉扎势, 其中9 T的外场条件下, 其在H//c轴和H//ab面的钉扎势分别为5800 K和8100 K, 展示出良好的应用前景; 通过进一步分析发现, 其磁通钉扎机理应是由于晶格内部的小尺寸缺陷引起的电子平均自由程变化而导致的δl钉扎.     

Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3Oy超导体低场钉扎力的性质

测量了Tl₂Ba₂Ca₂Cu₃O_y超导体多晶样品在不同外磁场和不同温度下的磁滞性质,利用临界态方程求出有效钉扎力随外磁场及温度的变化,有效钉扎力包括晶粒界面处及晶粒内的贡献,发现有效钉扎力有峰效应,峰位置随温度降低向较高磁场移动,峰效应被解释为两种钉扎机制产生的,即两种机制的贡献与外磁场的关系不同,还讨论与这些结果有关的问题。 关键词：     

BaNi_(0.1)Fe_(1.9)As_2单晶的钉扎机制及涡旋相图北大核心CSCD

本文中,我们通过磁-电阻测量研究了T_c=19.4K的BaNi_(0.1)Fe_(1.9)As_2单晶中的涡旋玻璃-涡旋液体相变.根据修正过的涡旋玻璃理论,并通过选择合适的临界指数s和H_0,我们对所有的ρ(H,T)电阻曲线进行了标度,并得到了很好的结果.基于涡旋玻璃温度T_g,涡旋维度转变温度T~*和上临界磁场H_(c2),我们得到了H⊥c和H//c两个磁场方向的涡旋相图.结果表明,磁场低于和高于5T,钉扎机制由单涡旋钉扎和集体蠕动共存转变为集体蠕动.     

不同Ti含量对NbTi超导体临界电流密度的影响

利用Nb片和Ti片交替组配加工,经扩散反应制备了Ti含量从43WT%到57WT%之间的三种不同成份的NbTi超导线.测量了三种不同成份的临界电流密度Jc,讨论了在磁场下不同Ti含量对NbTi线临界电流密度Jc的影响,并对磁通钉扎机制进行了分析.通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了Nb/Ti界面扩散形态及微结构,并运用多源标度分析法[1]对不同成份的NbTi超导线进行了磁通钉扎力密度随磁场变化曲线的拟合.结果表明:随着含Ti量的增加,其临界电流密度在低场时很高,而在高场时的性能偏低,且下降迅速,而含Ti量低的超导线在高场时的性能更具有优势;超导线在不同磁场下的性能是由点钉扎和面钉扎两种钉扎机制共同作用决定的.     

高温超导体相对定量的磁通钉扎力分析

为了更准确地分析高温超导体在高温如液氮温区的磁通钉扎机制，基于Dew—Hughes模型，对传统的钉扎力标度方法进行了改进，发展了钉扎力密度的多源分析方法．在高温超导体中芯钉扎机制处于主导地位，由正常相和Ginzburg参量(△k)变化引起的点、面和体缺陷在改进分析方法中均将考虑．论中通过几个Bi-2223／Ag带材的钉扎力分析实例对传统的单函数方法和改进多源分析方法进行了比较．结果表明，采用多源分析方法可以更准确地给出样品中起作用的钉扎机制的信息，例如，样品中对磁通钉扎有贡献钉扎中心类型及其相对强度等．     

熔融织构YBa2Cu3Ox中磁通钉扎的各向异性及211相对钉力的影响

通过测量不同温度的磁滞回线和不同温度、不同磁场下的磁驰豫，对熔融织物ＹＢａ２ＣｕＯｘ样品的钉扎各向异性及２１１含量钉扎力的影响进行了研究（外加磁场分别平行和垂直于Ｃ轴），发现熔融织构样品的钉扎力具有强各向异性，这是由钉扎中心形状的各向异性导致的、临电流随２１１含量的增加反而降低，表明在这些样品中２１１相颗粒及其周围的缺陷对磁通钉扎起负作用，仅当外场平行于Ｃ轴时，才能观察到鱼尾效应，表明这些样品中至     

高T_c超导体YBCO磁通钉扎的计算机模拟研究

临界电流密度Jc是影响高温超导体在强电领域应用的一个重要参数,在实际应用中,特别在外加磁场下,临界电流密度与超导材料的磁通钉扎性质密切相关.因此,磁通钉扎一直是高温超导体研究中的一个重要领域.由于高温超导体磁通钉扎力密度Fp的标度律存在,本文根据D.Dew-Hughes总结的钉扎力函数,主要存在两种主要作用类型(正常相和△K).我们将D.Dew-HugBes给出的钉扎力密度Fp标度函数改进为一个简化的具有物理意义的函数表达式.结合文献中已有的实验数据,我们对YBcO进行了计算机模拟,确定了它的磁通钉扎类型,模拟的研究结果与实际情况比较吻合.     

(Bi,Pb)_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_y单晶的磁通钉扎研究

我们通过对重Pb掺杂的Bi-2212((Bi,Pb)-2212)单晶磁化性质的测量来研究磁通钉扎性能,发现样品中存在与温度有明显依赖关系的鱼尾效应,且此鱼尾效应不仅体现在磁滞洄线上,还体现在不同磁场下零场冷的M～T曲线的交叠上.同时我们采用非线性磁通蠕动模型,并考虑表面位垒和体钉扎的影响,运用数值模拟分析了样品的磁化性质,结果表明(Bi,Pb)-2212单晶的鱼尾效应源于重Pb掺杂导致样品各向异性的降低所引起的强的体钉扎效应,而高温的磁化性质主要取决于表面位垒的作用.     

超导体MgB2中临界电流密度与磁场和温度之间的关系

用SQUID磁强计测量了在不同温度一直到5T的MgB2磁滞回线,确定了下临界磁场和样品的退磁因子.临界电流密度对磁场和温度的关系可以用一个简单的函数拟合.钉扎力密度符合Kramer标度律,但是峰值位置随温度移动.     

Determination of the critical current density and the flux pinning force in single crystals YBa2Cu3O7-δ from the magnetization hysteresis cycles

In this study, the magnetization measurements have been performed on high-temperature superconductor's single crystals YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ at large ranges of temperature T (15-85 K) and in magnetic fields up to 6T at different values of the angle θ between the applied magnetic field and c-axis. The critical current density Jc deduced from the magnetic hysteresis loops by the Bean formula for H parallel to the c-axis (θ=0°), our results have shown that the critical current density Jc was strongly dependent on the applied magnetic field. The pinning force Fp=Jc×μ₀H was determined from magnetization for H//c, however, a plot of the normalized pinning force density fp= Fp/Fpmax as a function of the reduced magnetic field h= H/Hirr at different temperatures have shown good scaling with the form fp ~h^p(1-h)^q, where p and q are scaling parameters. We also found that the point pinning is more dominant than surface pinning under high temperatures.     

Magnetic irreversibility lines and critical currents of Bi(2212) single crystals doped by Fe, Ni, Co and Zn

We report measurements of the AC-susceptibility and the irreversible magnetization of Bi(2212) single crystals doped with up to 2 at.% of Fe, Ni, Co and Zn on the Cu position. Low concentrations of the doping elements, typically below 1 at.%, definitely increase the pinning force density and shift the magnetic irreversibility lines towards higher fields. In contrast, higher concentrations strongly suppress the critical current density and the irreversibility fields. A special situation occurs in the regime of low temperatures below about 10 K where we find that even very low concentrations of the doping elements are deteriorative for the critical current density.     

Superconducting characteristics of (Bi, Pb)-2223 single crystals with controlled oxygen-content

Critical current density was measured for oxygen-controlled (Bi, Pb)-2223 single crystals before and after the irradiation with gold ions in a magnetic field parallel to the irradiation-induced defects along the c-axis. Eleven specimens prepared in different annealing conditions were measured. The condensation energy density of each specimen was evaluated from the observed critical current density by using the summation theory of pinning forces of columnar defects and the flux creep theory. It was found that the specimen heat-treated at 1 atm in oxygen atmosphere has the highest condensation energy density among all specimens. Hence, it is speculated that the optimum oxygen pressure for the anneal is around 1 atm.     

EFFECT OF THE Ba VACANCY ON THE FLUX PINNING IN YBaxCu3O7-δ SYSTEM

A series of Y123 single phase samples with various Ba vacancy concentration was prepared by making their Ba contents deviate from the stoichiometric composition. The measurements of their structure, superconductivity and flux pinning behaviour were systematically carried out. It is found that, compared with YBa₂Cu₃O_6.96 sample, the strength of the flux pinning in YBa_xCu₃O_7-δ(1.8≤x<2.0) samples is increased, and that there is an optimum value of Ba vacancy concentration for the maximum flux pinning force density. The possible origin of the flux pinning centers to determine the flux pinning behavior at higher field is discussed in detail. We suggest that the flux pinning effect at lower field may stein from the interaction between the vortex and the surfaces of grains, and that the flux pinning mechanism at higher field belongs to the core interaction.     

Local impurity phase pinning and pinning force in charge density waves

Starting from the static Fukuyama-Lee-Rice equation for a three-dimensional incommensurate charge density wave (CDW) in quasi one-dimensional conductors a solvable model for local phase pinning by impurities is defined and studied. We find that average CDW energy and average pinning force show critical behaviour with respect to the pinning parameter h. Specifically the pinning force exhibits a threshold at h=1 with exponent . Our model exemplifies a general concept of local impurity pinning in which the force exerted by the impurity on the periodic CDW structure becomes multivalued and metastable states appear beyond a threshold. It is found that local impurity pinning becomes less effective at low temperatures and may eventually cease completely. These results are independent of spatial dimensionality as expected for local impurity pinning. Comparison with Larkin's model is also made. Received 8 July 1998     

The behavior of the critical current density below and above the first matching field in superconductors with periodic square arrays of pinning sites

We have studied the effect of the applied magnetic field on critical depinning force at zero and finite temperatures and for several values of pinning strength. This was achieved by conducting extensive series of molecular dynamic simulations on driven vortex lattices interacting with periodic square arrays of pinning sites. We have found that the critical depinning force decreases as the applied magnetic field is increased. We have also observed two distinct behaviors of dependence of the critical depinning force on the applied magnetic field below and above the first matching filed.     

Absence of correlated flux pinning by columnar defects in irradiated epitaxial Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 thin films

Using heavy-ion irradiation, we produced columnar defects of different density and orientation in epitaxial Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O₈ thin films. Although this increases the normal state resistivity and the critical temperature is reduced proportionally to the volume fraction of damaged material, pinning-related quantities like critical current density, activation energy and depinning field are enhanced in external magnetic fields. Transport measurements in dependence of the magnetic field and its orientation consistently indicate two-dimensional pinning of pancake vortices at the columnar defects. We observe the absence of correlated flux pinning by columnar defects and compare to heavy-ion-irradiated single crystals and tapes, where line-like correlations have been observed.     

Effect of pinning and driving force on the metastability effects in weakly pinned superconductors and the determination of spinodal line pertaining to order—disorder transition

We explore the effect of varying drive on metastability features exhibited by the vortex matter in single crystals of 2H-NbSe₂ and CeRu₂ with varying degree of random pinning. The metastable nature of vortex matter is reflected in the path dependence of the critical current density, which in turn is probed in a contact-less way via AC-susceptibility measurements. The sinusoidal AC magnetic field applied during AC susceptibility measurements appears to generate a driving force on the vortex matter. In a nascent pinned single crystal of 2H-NbSe₂, where the peak effect (PE) pertaining to the order—disorder phenomenon is a sharp first-order-like transition, the supercooling feature below the peak temperature is easily wiped out by the reorganization caused by the AC driving force. In this paper, we elucidate the interplay between the drive and the pinning which can conspire to make the path-dependent AC-susceptibility response of different metastable vortex states appear identical. An optimal balance between the pinning and driving force is needed to view the metastability effects in typically weakly pinned specimen of low temperature superconductors. As one uses samples with larger pinning in order to differentiate the response of different metastable vortex states, one encounters a new phenomenon, viz., the second magnetization peak (SMP) anomaly prior to the PE. Supercooling/superheating can occur across both the PE and the SMP anomalies and both of these are known to display non-linear characteristics as well. Interplay between the path dependence in the critical current density and the non-linearity in the electromagnetic response determine the metastability effects seen in the first and the third harmonic response of the AC susceptibility across the temperature regions of the SMP and the PE. The limiting temperature above which metastability effects cease can be conveniently located in the third harmonic data, and the observed behavior can be rationalized within the Bean’s critical state model. A vortex phase diagram showing different vortex phases for a typically weakly pinned specimen has been constructed via the AC susceptibility data in a crystal of 2H-NbSe₂ which shows the SMP and the PE anomalies. The phase space of coexisting weaker and stronger pinned regions has been identified. It can be bifurcated into two parts, where the order and disorder dominate, respectively. The former part continuously connects to the reentrant disordered vortex phase pertaining to the small bundle pinning regime, where the vortices are far apart, interaction effects are weak and the polycrystalline form of flux line lattice prevails.