N-[(2-烷氧基)-取代苯乙基]-苯乙酰胺类化合物的合成及生物活性

以双炔酰菌胺为模板, 利用"基团反转"原理将酰胺中的羰基和氮原子交换位置, 设计了一系列苯乙酰儿茶酚胺类化合物. 从取代苯乙酮出发, 经过溴代、 胺化、 还原制备2-氨基-1-取代苯乙醇(6), 然后与取代苯乙酸反应制备酰胺(7), 最后经烷基化得到一系列保持氮原子位置不变的N-(2-烷氧基-2-取代苯基乙基)苯乙酰胺类化合物(8). 所有目标化合物均通过核磁共振氢谱、 元素分析或高分辨质谱确认, 并测试了其生物活性. 结果表明, 部分化合物对黄瓜霜霉病具有较好的防治活性, 化合物8k在浓度为100 μg/mL时对黄瓜霜霉防效可达75%. 研究还发现, 该类化合物均对蚜虫具有较好的防治效果.     

N′-叔丁基-N′-取代苯甲酰基-N-(苯并二氢吡喃-5-甲酰基)肼的 设计合成及晶体结构

以间羟基苯甲酸为起始原料通过7步反应合成了15个新颖的N′-叔丁基-N′-取代苯甲酰基-N-(苯并二氢吡喃-5-甲酰基)肼类化合物. 中间体3-炔丙氧基苯甲酸甲酯在N,N-二乙基苯胺中发生克莱森重排后得到主要产物苯并吡喃-5-甲酸甲酯和副产物苯并吡喃-7-甲酸甲酯. 通过氢谱、元素分析或高分辨质谱确定了这些化合物的结构, 化合物1a的X射线单晶衍射分析发现苯并二氢吡喃的吡喃环与苯环不共平面, 其中的C(1)和C(2)分别位于相应苯环平面的两侧.     

N''-叔丁基-N''-取代苯甲酰基-N-(苯并二氢吡喃-5-甲酰基)肼的设计合成及晶体结构

以间羟基苯甲酸为起始原料通过7步反应合成了15个新颖的的N'-叔丁基-N'-取代苯甲酰基-N-(苯并二氢吡喃-5-甲酰基)肼类化合物.中间体3-炔丙氧基苯甲酸甲酯在N,N-二乙基苯胺中发生克莱森重排后得到主要产物苯并吡喃-5-甲酸甲酯和副产物苯并吡喃-7-甲酸甲酯.通过氢谱、元素分析或高分辨质谱确定了这些化合物的结构,化合物1a的X射线单晶衍射分析发现苯并二氢吡喃的吡喃环与苯环不共平面,其中的C(1)和C(2)分别位于相应苯环平面的两侧.     

5-乙基-2-吲哚酮的合成及其酰基化和N上烃基化反应研究

以4-乙基苯胺1为原料,经Sandmeyer反应得5-乙基靛红2;2经水合肼还原得到5-乙基-2-吲哚酮3;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与三氯氧磷先形成Vilsmeier-Haack试剂,再与化合物3反应,合成2-氯-5-乙基-3-乙酰吲哚4;以丙酮为溶剂,对化合物4烃基化,以78.5%-95.6%的收率得到N-取代-2-氯-5-乙基-3-乙酰吲哚5a-5e。其中化合物4、5a-5e均未见文献报道,它们的结构均通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱(碳谱),质谱等确认。     

α-取代苯乙酰胺类化合物的合成及生物活性

以香草醛和扁桃酸为原料,经过取代、还原等多步反应,得到N-(取代苄氧基)-α-烷氧基苯乙酰胺类化合物及α-苄胺基苯乙酰胺类化合物,其化学结构经1H NMR波谱和高分辨质谱确认.生物活性测定表明,部分化合物对黄瓜霜霉和辣椒疫霉表现出良好的杀菌活性,如N-(3-甲氧基-4-乙氧基苄氧基)-α-乙氧基-4-氯苯乙酰胺在200...     

N-(5-巯基-1，3，4-噻二唑-2-基)-N'-取代苯甲酰基脲与取代的苯氧乙酰基脲的合成与生物活性

通过2-氨基-5-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑与取代苯甲酰基异氰酸酯及取代苯氧乙酰基异氰酸酯反应,合成了21种新的取代苯甲酰基脲与取代苯氧乙酰基脲,其结构用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析进行了确证,初步的生物活性测定试验表明,部分目标化合物具有良好的植物生长调节活性.     

N-(5-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-N'-取代苯甲酰基脲与取代的苯氧乙酰基脲的合成与生物活性

通过2-氨基-5-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑与取代苯甲酰基异氰酸酯及取代苯氧乙酰基异氰酸酯反应, 合成了21种新的取代苯甲酰基脲与取代苯氧乙酰基脲, 其结构用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析进行了确证, 初步的生物活性测定试验表明, 部分目标化合物具有良好的植物生长调节活性.     

环状胺磺酰基取代的苯乙胺和苯氧烷胺衍生物的合成及生物活性测试

7-氨基乙基-(3,4-二氢-2H-苯并[1,2]噻嗪-1,1-二氧代)盐酸盐和取代苯氧丙-2-酮经还原胺化, 合成了10个新的环状胺磺酰基取代的苯乙胺和苯氧烷胺类化合物. 化合物经1H NMR, HRMS, IR确证其结构. 生物活性测试结果表明, 所有化合物对α1-肾上腺素受体均具有一定的拮抗作用.     

2-氨基乙基磺酰胺盐酸盐合成研究

以羟乙基磺酸钠为原料,与氯化亚砜反应制备2-氯乙基磺酰氯;然后采用2-氯乙基磺酰氯与邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾盐反应制备N-(2-邻苯二甲酰亚氨基乙磺酰基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺(中间体1);中间体1经硼氢化钠还原、盐酸酸化得到2-氨基乙基磺酰胺盐酸盐,总收率为80.26%,与文献报道方法相比总收率提高了33.34%。通过熔点、红外光谱、气相色谱-质谱联用、高分辨质谱和核磁共振氢谱对中间体和产品进行了表征。     

3-取代苯氧甲基-4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑-5-硫酮席夫碱的合成、结构表征和生物活性研究

以醋酸为反应溶剂和催化剂,用自制的4-氨基-4,5-二氢-3-取代苯氧甲基-1,2,4-三唑-5-硫酮与4-氟苯甲醛反应合成了5个4-氨基-4,5-二氢-3-取代苯氧甲基-1,2,4-三唑-5-硫酮席夫碱化合物,通过1HNMR、IR和元素分析对所有化合物进行了结构表征.初步生物活性测试结果表明所有化合物具有优良的杀菌活性,并对席夫碱结构与活性的关系进行了探讨.     

Theoretical study of the effect of coordinating solvent on ion pair SN2 reactions: the role of unsymmetrical transition structures

Computations are reported at the HF/6-31+g* level for ion pair SN2 reactions of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, and allyl halides with LiX.E, LiX.2E, and LiX.3E (X = F, Cl, Br; E = dimethyl ether as a model for THF). Some calculations were also done at the MP2, B3LYP, and mPW1PW91 levels. In addition to normal SN2-type (type I) transition structures (TSs), novel unsymmetrical TSs were found in which the Li is coordinated to a single halide. With LiX.2E, such structures are already competitive with the type I structures, and with LiX.3E, only the type II structures were found. With incorporation of dielectric solvation, the type II structures are relatively even more stable. The results suggest that such structures are better models for ion pair displacement reactions in ethereal solvents.     

Photovoltaic Performance Enhancement in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Periodic Surface Relief Structures

One-dimensional and two-dimensional periodic TiO₂ relief structures were incorporated in dye-sensitized solar cells. The periodic TiO₂ structures were fabricated using surface relief gratings photoinscribed on azobenzene functionalized polymer films as templates and TiO₂ sol-gel solution. Enhancement of power conversion of the solar cells made with the relief TiO₂ structures was achieved. This enhancement suggests that the relief TiO₂ structures can offer efficient light-trapping with the increased effective optical-path length in the solar cells.     

镍硫析氢活性阴极的电化学制备及其电催化机理

以硫代硫酸钠作为硫源, 在基本的瓦特浴镀液体系中通过恒电流电沉积方法获得了不同晶体结构的镍硫合金活性阴极. 通过能量散射谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对镀层的化学成分、晶体结构以及表面形貌进行了分析, 并对活性阴极的电催化活性以及析氢过程机理进行了研究. XRD测试结果表明, 随着镀层中硫含量的变化, 镀层的晶体结构呈现出非晶态/Ni3S2混晶和金属间化合物(Ni3S2)两种晶体结构, 其中, 硫含量为33.9%(原子分数)的非晶态/Ni3S2混晶结构的活性阴极在碱性溶液中具有很好的析氢活性, 其优良的析氢活性主要来自于Ni3S2很强的吸附氢能力. 交流阻抗的测试结果表明, Ni3S2金属间化合物的析氢过程只存在一个电化学反应步骤, 而非晶态/Ni3S2混晶镍硫合金活性阴极的析氢过程存在三个电化学反应步骤.     

Density distributions in the water shell of myoglobin

Two different approaches were used to explain the distribution of water coordinates in the crystallographically invisible part of the unit cell. Monte Carlo calculations were done starting from different initial water structures. Extended Monte Carlo calculations using equal initial structures were also used to obtain two further water structures. The differences between the Monte Carlo water structures were used to calculate the mean-square displacements of the water molecules. Monte Carlo calculations starting from different structures lead to a mean-square displacement of 0.58 Ų, whereas extended Monte Carlo moves using the same initial structure only show a mean-square displacement of 0.17 Ų. The mean-square displacement of 0.58 Ų can be used to explain the experimental data. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Relationship Between Photocatalytic Activity and Structure of TiO2 Thin Film

TiO2 thin films with different crystalline structures were prepared by the CVD method. The relationship between photocatalytic activity of a TiO2 thin film and its crystalline type was investigated. These films were characterized by XRD and AFM. Their photocatalytic properties were tested by the degradation of NO2-. The results showed that the crystalline structures of TiO2 thin films are primary anatase and/or rutile when the preparation temperatures were less than 573 K and higher than 773 K respectively. When the preparation temperature was around 623 K, the structures of TiO2 thin films were mixed crystalline structure, which showed the highest catalytic activity. When the ratio of rutile to anatase in TiO2 thin films fell between 0.5 and 0.7, the highest catalytic activity for the degradation of NO2- was found.     

A semi-empirical and ab initio combined approach for the full conformational searches of gaseous lysine and lysine–H2O complex

A full structural search of the canonical, zwitterionic, protonated and deprotonated lysine conformers in gas phase is presented. A total of 17,496 canonical, 972 zwitterionic, 11,664 protonated and 1458 trial deprotonated structures were generated by allowing for all combinations of internal single-bond rotamers. All the trial structures were initially optimized at the AM1 level, and the resulting structures were determined at the B3LYP/6-311G^* level. A total of 927 canonical, 730 protonated and 193 deprotonated conformers were found, but there were no stable zwitterionic structures in the gas phase. The most stable conformers of the canonical, protonated and deprotonated lysine were further optimized at the B3LYP/6-311++G^** level. The energies of the most stable structures were determined at the MP2/6-311G(2df,p) level and the vibrational frequencies were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G^** level. The rotational constants, dipole moments, zero-point vibrational energies, harmonic frequencies, vertical ionization energies, enthalpies, Gibbs free energies and conformational distributions of gaseous lysine were presented. Numerous new structures are found and the lowest-energy lysine conformer is more stable than the existing one by 1.1 kcal/mol. Hydrogen bonds are classified and may cause significant red-shifts to the associated vibrational frequencies. The calculated proton affinity/dissociation energy and gas-phase basicity/acidity are in good agreement with the experiments. Calculations are also presented for the canonical lysine–H₂O and zwitterionic lysine–H₂O clusters. Interaction between lysine and H₂O significantly affects the relative conformational stabilities. Only one water molecule is sufficient to produce the stable zwitterionic structures in gas phase. The lowest-energy structure is found to be zwitterions when applying the conductor-like polarized continuum solvent model (CPCM) to the lysine–H₂O complexes.     

类晶加合物(M=Co,Cu, Ni)的晶体结构及分子间相互作用的理论研究

合成了3种化合物 [2-ClPyH]2CoCl4(1), [2-ClPyH]2NiCl4(2)和[2-ClPyH]2CuCl4(3), 单晶X射线衍射法晶体结构测定结果表明, 这3种化合物是同形加合物, 在它们的结构中, [2-ClPyH]+离子呈平面状, 而[MCl4]2-离子为变形的四面体. 晶体结构分析发现晶体中存在N—H…Cl和C—H…Cl氢键, 以及Cl…Cl分子间相互作用和π-π堆积作用. 对自由状态下独立的配位离子进行的几何构型优化, 以及三维周期性条件下几何结构优化的量子化学计算结果表明, 标题化合物中具有方向性和选择性的氢键决定延伸性结构的方向, 而相对较弱的卤素…卤素作用在最终晶体结构的确定中扮演很重要的角色.     

配位不饱和双核钌羰基化合物Ru2(CO)n(n=7,6)的DFT计算研究

对配位不饱和双核钌羰基化合物Ru2(CO)n(n=7,6)在BP86/DZP++和MPW1PW91/DZP++ 理论水平下进行了量子化学理论计算研究, 优化得到16个单态和三态异构体, 并讨论其键的性质. 得到的n=7,6基态分别是Cs和C2v构型的单态, 均含有2个配位的桥羰基. 对其离解能的计算表明, 相对于断裂金属钌-钌键而生成2个配位不饱和单核羰基化合物都更容易失去一个羰基.     

2-位取代的4-亚甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷开环聚合反应研究

合成了两种新单体，４ 亚甲基 ２ 苯乙烯基 １，３ 二氧环戊烷和４ 亚甲基 ２ 苯乙烯基 ２ 甲基 １，３ 二氧环戊烷．研究了这两种单体的自由基和阳离子聚合反应．根据聚合物的红外光谱和核磁共振碳、氢谱，确定了聚合物的结构，讨论了聚合反应机理，特别对２ 位取代基对聚合反应和产物的影响作了初步的探讨．     

Studies in hydrogen bonding: simulation of the crystalline solids of ice, ammonia, and ammonia hydrate

The crystal structures of ice, ammonia and ammonia hydrate have been simulated with rigid molecules using the interatomic potential function EPEN/2 and the computer program WMIN. Structural parameters were adjusted to give structures with minimum energy. The hydrogen bonding in the simulated structures is compared with that in the experimental structures.