基于遗传算法的超级电容RTG能量管理研究

为提高超级电容混合动力轮胎式集装箱门式起重机(Rubber Typed Gantry, RTG)系统的能量利用率和燃油的经济性,需要对混合动力能量系统进行有效的管理。提出了一种考虑系统能耗和非再生能量因素情况下,能分别确定混合动力系统中柴油发电机组最优输出功率和超级电容器组的最优输出功率的优化方法。建立了柴油发动机组和超级电容器组的数学模型。根据混合动力RTG关键特性参数和负载需求值,得出了负载需求曲线图。考虑发电机组燃油消耗的能量、来自电容器组的能量贡献和产生的非再生能量,构造了整体能耗的成本函数。并引入遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm, GA)进行求解,最后进行仿真和对比分析。结果表明,与传统的基于规则的控制策略相比,遗传算法优化后的能量管理系统,其能量消耗减少了35.9%。     

Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence Energy Transfer: A Study Based on Oligonucleotide Rulers

The use of two-photon excitation of fluorescence for detection of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was studied for a selected fluorescent donor–acceptor pair. A method based on labeled DNA was developed for controlling the distance between the donor and the acceptor molecules. The method consists of hybridization of fluorescent oligonucleotides to a complementary single-stranded target DNA. As the efficiency of FRET is strongly distance dependent, energy transfer does not occur unless the fluorescent oligonucleotides and the target DNA are hybridized. A high degree of DNA hybridization and an excellent FRET efficiency were verified with one-photon excited fluorescence studies. Excitation spectra of fluorophores are usually wider in case of two-photon excitation than in the case of one-photon excitation [1]. This makes the selective excitation of donor difficult and might cause errors in detection of FRET with two-photon excited fluorescence. Different techniques to analyze the FRET efficiency from two-photon excited fluorescence data are discussed. The quenching of the donor fluorescence intensity turned to be the most consistent way to detect the FRET efficiency. The two-photon excited FRET is shown to give a good response to the distance between the donor and the acceptor molecules.     

Two-Photon Fluorescence Tracking of Colloidal Clusters

In situ dynamics of colloidal cluster formation from nanoparticles is yet to be addressed. Using two-photon fluorescence (TPF) that has been amply used for single particle tracking, we demonstrate in situ measurement of effective three-dimensional optical trap stiffness of nanoparticles and their aggregates without using any position sensitive detector. Optical trap stiffness is an essential measure of the strength of an optical trap. TPF is a zero-background detection scheme and has excellent signal-to-noise-ratio, which can be easily extended to study the formation of colloidal cluster of nanospheres in the optical trapping regime. TPF tracking can successfully distinguish colloidal cluster from its monomer.     

Two-Photon Activated Two-Photon Fluorescence and Binding of Azidocoumarin in a Gelatin Matrix

We study the creation of fluorescence patterns inside a gelatin gel by way of two-photon photoactivation of 7-azido-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-benzopyrone (azidocomarin 151) contained in the gel matrix. As ultrafast light pulses are focused into the gel, onset of two-photon fluorescence, highly nonlinear in the applied optical power, is observed as azidocoumarin is converted into a fluorescent dye that binds to the gelatin. We fit the time dependence of the fluorescence to a model that incorporates the competition between coumarin photoactivation and photobleaching as well as the gradual degradation of the gel when it is exposed to the high intensity laser light. The model predicts that the initial rate of fluorescence onset should scale as the P (4), where P is laser power, while the signal at long exposure time should scale as P (3/2). The observed exponents are 4.18 and 1.34, respectively. The model allows us to estimate the cross section and quantum yield of two-photon induced photobleaching of azidocoumarin 151. The numerous technical uses of gelatin and the collagen from which it derives in areas ranging from photography to tissue engineering provide possible applications for the techniques described in this paper.     

基于多适应度量子遗传算法的X射线荧光重叠峰分解

智能算法在对谱峰重叠严重的复杂地质样品进行分析时,往往存在计算量过大、弱峰误差较大、收敛于局部极小值或不收敛等问题。量子遗传算法因其具有良好的收敛性,可用于X射线荧光光谱重叠峰的分解。针对X射线荧光分析过程中经常遇到的谱峰重叠问题,提出了一种基于元素关联高斯混合模型（GMM-ER）和多适应度量子遗传算法的重叠峰分解方法。首先介绍了基于元素K系和L系特征X射线的重叠峰GMM-EB模型。然后基于X射线荧光光谱的物理特性,对传统量子遗传算法进行了改进,引入了多适应度函数。由锰、铁、钴和镍的特征X射线产生一段谱峰严重重叠的模拟光谱,然后基于GMM-EB模型,分别用传统量子遗传算法和改进的多适应度量子遗传算法对模拟光谱进行了10次解析。实验结果显示,改进后的量子遗传算法的重叠峰分解精度平均提高了32.1%,最佳分解精度提高了73.9%。应用改进量子遗传算法进行分解时,含量比例低的元素分解精度得到较大改善,最佳情况下元素分解的相对误差范围缩小了64.5%。并且,改进算法收敛速度快于传统算法。该方法适合严重重叠谱峰的分解,且对弱峰有较高的分解精度。     

基于PSO-DE算法的污水处理优化控制研究

针对污水处理系统能耗过大,变量多,非线性和滞后严重等特点造成的控制困难问题,提出了基于改进型粒子群的算法的优化控制。粒子群算法具有自适应控制,全局搜索等优点但本身存在早熟收敛及在进化后期收敛速度慢等缺点,通过优势互补思想引入差分进化算法,新算法结合两者优势有效提高粒子在全局的寻优效率,建立对应的混合算法优化模型,并与普通粒子群算法优化进行比较,结果证明了该算法在保证出水水质的前提下做到降低能耗。     

NO分子双光子诱导荧光的自吸收现象

以皮秒Nd:YAG激光器抽运的光学参量发生/放大器为激发光源,获得了在452.4 nm波长激光激发下,NO分子的双光子激光诱导色散荧光光谱(LIDFS)。并由此得到了NO分子基电子态的振动基频和振动非谐性系数分别为ω″_e=(1 904.7±7.3) cm-1, ω″_eχ″_e=(14.2±1.2) cm-1, ω″ey″_e=-(0.021 8±0.009 1) cm-1。在NO分子双光子LIDFS实验研究中,首次观测到了NO分子强烈的自吸收现象,在较高样品气压条件下,色散荧光光谱图中对应A 2Σ(v′＝0)→X 2Π(v″＝0)跃迁的谱线消失。实验结果表明,自吸收现象导致的该跃迁谱线强度的变化,随样品气压、激光场和样品作用区到荧光接收窗口距离的减小而减小。     

强噪声下基于基因梯度粒子群算法的反馈波前调控方法

当激光束经过透明散射介质时,通常会产生散斑光场。利用反馈波前调控技术对入射光束的相位进行主动调控,可将散斑整形成聚焦光斑。当存在强噪声干扰时,已有的反馈控制算法大多存在调控效果不理想的问题,故提出一种适用于强噪声环境的基于基因梯度粒子群算法的反馈波前调控方法。该方法不过分依赖以往的优化信息,而是结合梯度快速搜索和基因交叉突变功能来实现噪声环境下对激光束的调控。通过与传统算法进行比较,分析基因梯度粒子群的初始参数(调整因子、变异率和交叉率等)和搜索能力对调控效果的影响。结果表明,在明亮室内的强背景杂散光噪声下,基因梯度粒子群算法能在较少的迭代次数下实现更好的聚焦效果。     

基于改进高斯混合模型的运动目标检测与跟踪算法

针对传统高斯模型存在的不足,为了搞高运动目标跟踪精度,提出一种基于改进高斯混合模型的目标检测与跟踪算法。首先提取目标特征建立目标分类器,并将目标从前景是标记出来;然后通过多目标跟踪将目标为多种运动模式;最后采用高斯混合模型对跟踪与分类的结果进行融合,获得最终目标的位置。结果表明,本文方法不仅提高了目标检测与跟踪精度,而且可高斯模型以较好的满足目标跟踪的实时性要求。     

基于量子遗传算法和荧光光谱某清香型白酒年份预测研究

年份白酒现已成为企业开发重点,但年份标准有较大的随意性,建立年份标准已成为规范行业和市场的迫切需要。基于某品牌原浆白酒的三维荧光光谱,对白酒年份预测模型进行了研究。研究内容和创新工作如下：首先,研究了荧光光谱与白酒年份的相关性。研究发现：0.5年与其他年份白酒的三维荧光光谱之间的相关系数达0.811 4;原始光谱中年份信息主要分布在激发波长为200~230和250~320 nm、发射波长为400~500 nm的光谱区;导数光谱的年份信息分布区域广且离散性高。其次,研究了荧光光谱之间的相关性。研究表明：原始光谱具有严重的多重共线性,在400~600 nm的区间内,相关系数接近1;求导能提高光谱分辨能力并降低多重共线性,二阶导数具有更好的抑制多重共线性的作用, 相关系数大部分小于0.6。最后,基于量子遗传算法-小波神经网络研究了激发波长为300 nm的白酒年份预测模型,并提出了光谱建模信息密度的概念。研究发现：原始光谱年份预测误差达5.4年,效果最差,其原因是原始光谱具有严重的多重共线性以及光谱与年份的相关性不显著; 导数光谱具有更高的信息密度和更好的建模效果,二阶导数光谱预测集的相关系数达0.999 8,年份预测误差达0.79年。研究成果将为白酒年份标定提供一种便捷的光学手段,同时也为多组分渐变体系的荧光光谱研究提供重要的参考。     

One- and Two-Photon Fluorescence Anisotropy of Selected Fluorene Derivatives

The steady-state excitation anisotropy spectra of fluorene derivatives were measured in viscous solvents, under the one- and two-photon excitation, over a broad spectral range (UV–Visible). The orientation of their absorption transition moments for the first, S₀S₁, and second, S₀S₂, excited states were determined. It was shown experimentally that a decrease in the angle between S₀S₁and S₀S₂ transitions corresponded to an increased value of two-photon absorption (2PA) cross section for these molecules. Two-photon excitation anisotropy was nearly constant over the spectral region investigated (in contrast to one-photon excitation anisotropy spectra) and can be roughly explained by a simple model of 2PA based on the single intermediate state approximation. For comparison, the same trend in two-photon excitation anisotropy was observed for Rhodamine B inglycerol.     

长距离分布式光纤传感中基于STM32的遗传算法偏振控制

基于STM32微处理器采用偏振控制器反馈技术并结合遗传算法对50km长距离分布式光纤振动传感系统中偏振衰落进行抑制.结合STM32与PCD-M02型偏振控制模块特性,优化遗传算法相关参量,在STM32微处理器上实现了遗传算法对传感系统的偏振控制.实验结果表明,基于STM32微处理器的遗传算法在短时间内能得到全局近似最优解,有效实现偏振控制,该方案适用于对实时性和集成度要求较高的长距离分布式光纤传感系统.     

基于遗传算法的飞机俯仰控制参数优化设计及重构

遗传算法不受问题性质 ( 如连续性,可微性) 的限制,能够处理传统优化算法难以解决的复杂问题,故近年来在控制参数优化方面得到了广泛的应用;但算法中,交叉概率与变异概率的选择没有给出通用标准,通过多种交叉概率与变异概率组合的优化结果比较确定合适的交叉概率与变异概率,然后从几种控制系统常用性能指标中选择最合适的一种做为适应度函数,优化得无故障时控制参数,按照重构后系统开环传递函数保持不变,即系统闭环传函极点不发生变化的原则,由升降舵损伤程度和无损伤时控制参数可得重构后的控制参数;由仿真实验可得,此方法能够较快较精确地确定控制参数,系统无超调,控制效果良好,重构后,系统性能能够保持不变,达到良好的重构效果。     

以萘为π-中心的双芪类衍生物双光子上转换荧光性能研究

研究了2个新的双光子上转换荧光分子—1,4-双-(9-乙基咔唑基)萘(简称为BECVN)和1,4-双-(4’-N,N-二甲氨基苯乙烯基)萘(简称为BMABN)的单光子、双光子光谱性质。在～375 nm Xe灯光源激发下,两样品的DMF溶液发出很强的蓝、绿色荧光(峰位492～541 nm),视感效果非常明显。BMABN分子的线性吸收/发射光谱的峰位与BECVN分子相比,均发生红移;相对荧光量子产率(Φ_f)比BECVN降低了7.4倍。在飞秒钛宝石激光器泵浦下(760 nm),两样品的DMF溶液发出强的双光子上转换荧光发射,峰位与单光子荧光峰位相比发生红移(500～556 nm)。BMABN的双光子荧光强度和双光子吸收截面分别是BECVN的3倍和30.4倍。     

Fluorescence Studies of Melanin by Stepwise Two-Photon Femtosecond Laser Excitation

Fluorescence of synthetic melanin in the solvents H₂O, KOH, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and dimethyl sulfoxide has been excited by two-photon absorption at 800 nm, using 120-fs pulses with photon flux densities of 10²⁷ cm^–2.S^–1. Compared to the one-photon (400-nm)-induced fluorescence of melanin, the overall spectral shape is red-shifted and shows a strong environment sensitivity. The decay of the two-photon-induced fluorescence (TPF) of melanin is three-exponential, with a shortest main component of about 200 ps. The results of the TPF studies in line with the unique light absorption property of melanin of a monotonously decreasing absorption spectrum between the near UV-region and the near infrared region indicate that the TPF is realized via stepwise absorption of two 800-nm photons. In comparison to the simultaneous absorption of two photons, the stepwise process needs lower photon flux densities to get a sufficient population of the fluorescent level. This stepwise process offers new possibilities of selective excitation of melanin in skin tissue in a spectral region where there is no overlap with any absorption of another fluorescent tissue component. The first results with different samples of excised human skin tissue (healthy, nevus cell nevi, malignant melanoma) suggest that fluorescence excited in this way yields information on malignant transformation.     

Two-Photon Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy of Rat Elastin Fiber In Vivo

Russian Physics Journal - The paper presents the results of two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy of rat elastin fiber in vivo. It is shown that in approximating the fluorescence...     

漂移量反馈控制式激光准直方法

提出一种集光纤准直与光束漂移量反馈控制准直技术于一体的激光光束准直方法 ,它是在单模光纤对激光器出射光束漂移量进行初级准直的基础上 ,进一步对光束的漂移量进行反馈控制 ,进而提高出射光束的方向稳定性。准直系统中利用漂移量分离光路和光电检测系统对光束的平漂量和角漂量进行了分离检测 ,并各自构成相应的光束空间平漂量反馈控制系统和光束空间角漂量反馈控制系统 ,减小了平漂量和角漂量反馈控制中的相互耦合。引入单模光纤使激光器与光束漂移量反馈控制准直系统相隔离 ,减小了激光管热源温度变化等因素对准直系统的影响 ,同时还便于准直系统使用中的安装布置。上述方法的应用 ,提高了准直精度及准直效率。实验表明目前该方法准直精度可达 0 .7× 10 -7rad。     

基于遗传算法的自动驾驶仪测试性分析

为了提高自动驾驶仪故障测试与诊断的快速性与准确性,提出了一种基于遗传算法的自动驾驶仪测试性分析方法;此方法解决了遗传算法应用于测试项目选择的难点,构建了最优的故障测试策略,能以最短时间完成测试并满足测试覆盖性的要求;利用故障测试获得的知识,简化故障与测试间的相关性矩阵,加快了故障诊断的速度;最终获得了故障测试与诊断一体化的方法;实验结果表明,此方法有效提高了故障测试与诊断的速度,并且易于实现。     

Effect of Polystyrene Microsphere Surface to Fluorescence Lifetime Under Two-Photon Excitation

Molecular assays such as immunoassays are often performed using solid carriers and fluorescent labels. In such an assay format a question can be raised on how much the fluorescence of the label is influenced by the bio-affinity binding events and the solid carrier surface. Since changes in fluorescence intensity as labels bind to surfaces are notoriously difficult to quantify other approaches are preferred. A good indicator, independent of the fluorescence intensity of the label, is the fluorescence lifetime of the marker fluorophore. Changes in fluorescence lifetime reliably indicate the presence of dynamic quenching, energy transfer or other de-excitation processes. A microsphere based assay system is studied under two-photon excitation. Changes in fluorescence lifetime are studied as labeled protein conjugates bind on microsphere surfaces – both direct on the surface and with a few nanometer distance from the surface. Fluorescence signal is measured from individual polystyrene microspheres and the fluorescence lifetime histogram is simultaneously recorded. The results indicate that self-quenching and quenching by the polystyrene surface are both present in such a system. However, the effect of the surface can be avoided by increasing the distance between the surface and the label. Typical distances achieved by a standard sandwich type of assay, are already sufficient to overcome the surface induced quenching in fluorescence detection.