Ungernia alkaloids

The review is devoted to the study of the alkaloids of plants of the genusUngernia (Amaryllidaceae). It gives their characteristic reactions and information on the determination of their structures and stereochemistry and on the dynamics of the accumulation of alkaloids in the plants of the genusUngernia. A dependence of the physiological activity of the alkaloids on their structure is shown.     

Berberis alkaloids

This review systematizes literature information on alkaloids of plants of the genusBerberis. The main chemical and spectral methods of establishing their structures, and also their pharmacological properties, are considered. The review includes literature sources up to 1992.Andizhan State Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 481–506, July–August, 1993.     

Chemical composition and pharmacological properties of plants of the genusStachys

This review gives information of the distribution of alkaloids, carbohydrates, lipids, essential oils, diterpenoids, iridoids, flavonoids, and pigments in plants of the genusStachys L. (fam. Lamiaceae). It has been shown that the genusStachys is of interest for researchers as a source of biologically active substances of various classes which are responsible for the broad spectrum of pharmaceutical-therapeutic action of plants of this genus and drugs prepared from them. Characteristic for these plants is a low content of saturated fatty acids in the seed lipids and, in the epigeal part, of essential oils, an accumulation of iridoids of the aucubin type, and the fact that all the flavone derivatives present have a large number of substituents in ring A of the flavone nucleus. This indicates the antiquity and phylogenetic primitiveness of theStachys genus. The results of chemical and pharmacological-therapeutic studies of plants of theStachys genus growing on the territory of the former USSR are given. Literature sources up to and including 1991 have been used.Division of the Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, fax 2926511 - BOX 18777; and Tashkent State University, fax 462472. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 699–709, November–December, 1994.     

Alkaloids ofHaplophyllum foliosum

The alkaloids skimmianine, dubinidine, foliosidine, graveoline, and compounds (I) and (II) have been isolated from the epigeal part of the plantHaplophyllum foliosum Vved. (family Rutaceae). On the basis of the spectral characteristics of (I) and its 0-isopropylidene derivative it has been established that the compound is the alkaloid edulinine. Substance (II) was identified as ferulic acid by direct comparison with an authentic sample. This is the first time that edulinine and ferulic acid have been detected in plants of the genusHaplophyllum.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 803–805, November–December, 1980.     

Alkaloids of a new type fromSophora alopecuroides L.

Summary The structures of aloperine and allylaloperine (fromSophora alopecuroides L.) — alkaloids of a new structural type for the genusSophora — have been established by chemical and spectral methods. A number of parameters, NMR spectra, and mass spectra characterizing this class of compounds has been obtained. The partial synthesis of allylaloperine has been performed.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 30–37, January–February, 1975.     

Sesquiterpene derivatives of the genusFerula

The review is devoted to a study of the sequiterpene derivatives of the plants of the genusFerula (Apiaceae). Information is given on the determination of the structure, stereochemistry, and characteristic reactions of 78 coumarins, 39 esters, and six sesquiterpene alcohols isolated from plants of the genusFerula. The possible biogenetic interrelationships and mutual transitions of the sesquiterpenes that are derivatives of aliphatic and of mono- and bicyclic hydrocarbons are discussed. Some information confirming the hypotheses made is given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 437–466, July–August, 1979.     

Berberis alkaloids. XVII. Investigation of the alkaloids of Berberis heteropoda

The alkaloid composition of young shoots and leaves ofBerberis heteropoda Schrenk has been studied. In addition to known alkaloids, two new ones have been isolated — N-methyldihydroberberine and 8-oxoberberrubine, the structures of which were established by chemical transformations and a study of spectral properties. Of known alkaloids, berbamunine, aromoline, glaucine, thalicmidine, isocorydine, and reticuline have been found in this plant for the first time. Pseudopalmitine and laudanosine have been found for the first time in plants of the genusBerberis.Andizhan State Medical Institute. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of Uzbek Republic Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 53–59, January–February, 1993.     

Iridoids of plants of the genusGentiana from the family Gentianaceae

The review contains the results of an analysis of the literautre on the study of plants of the genusGentiana, family Gentianaceae Juss. The biological properties of the iridoid compounds are described. Their physicochemical constants are also given: the name of the substance, the melting point, the angle of rotation, details of the UV, IR and PMR spectra, and literature relating to them. The distribution of iridoid compounds in plants over the sections of the genusGentiana is given in the form of tables, and the material is discussed correspondingly.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Pharmacy, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnikh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 3–11, January–February, 1987.     

Alkaloids ofGlaucium fimbrilligerum. II

The alkaloids of the epigeal part and roots of the plantGlaucium fimbrilligerum have been studied. A total of 18 alkaloids has been isolated, of which epiglaufidine proved to be new, and its structure has been established. Columbamine has been isolated from the genusGlaucium for the first time, and magnoflorine and stilopine -hydroxymethylate from this species of plant for the first time.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Purkinje University, Brno, Czechoslovakia. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 493–496, July–August, 1983.     

Alkaloids ofHaplophyllum foliosum. II.

In addition to the alkaloids known previously from this plant, haplofoline and folifine, from the epigeal part ofHaplophyllum foliosum we have isolated norgraveoline with mp 288–289°C (decomp. from acetone), and myrtopsine with mp 201–202°C (from chloroform), []_D-5° (c 0.05; methanol), which were first obtained fromHaplophyllum dubium andMyrtopsis sellingii, respectively. We have confirmed by the PMR-spectroscopic method the positions of the substituents in the dihydrofuran ring of myrtopsine suggested previously on the basis of biogenetic considerations. In addition, it has been established that the substituents are present in the trans form. This is the first time that myrtopsine has been detected in plants of the genusHaplophyllum.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 613–616, September–October, 1981.     

Alkaloids ofCorydalis stricta

The alkaloids of the epigeal part and roots ofCorydalis stricta have been studied. Of the 23 alkaloids isolated, N-methylcorypalline proved to be new, and its structure has been determined. Stilopine hydroxymethylate and pycnarrhine have been isolated from the genusCorydalis for the first time, and cheilanthiofoline isocorypalmine, scoulerine, isoboldine, reticuline, N-methylcoclaurine, coreximine, juziphine, pancorydine, corypalline, wilsonirine, stilopine, adlumidine, dihydrosanguinarine, adlumine, and bicucculine have been isolated from this species of plant for the first time.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 490–493, July–August, 1983.     

Alkaloids of four species of Argemone

The alkaloid compositions of four species of plants of the genusArgemone (A. mexicana L.,A. alba L.,A. platyceras Link et Otto., andA. hybrida) collected in the flowering phase in the Tashkent Botanical Garden have been studied. They have yielded 16 alkaloids. Corydine and isocorydine have been detected in plants of this genus for the first time, and O-methyl-platycerine has been found in nature for the first time.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 204–206, March–April, 1986.     

Phytoecdysteroids of plants of the genusSilene

Ecdysteroids produced by plants of the genusSilene are considered. The discussion covers 17 species of plants, from which 45 ecdysteroids have been isolated. It has been shown that ecdysterone is the most characteristic representative of the biosynthesis of ecdysteroids in theSilene series.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 627–635, September–October, 1993.     

Alkaloids of Haplophyllum bungei

The alkaloids dictamnine, skimmianine, folimine, robustinine, and 4-methoxy-2-quinolone, found for the first time in plants of the genusHaplophyllum and the new alkaloid haplobungine, for which the structure of 4,7,8-trimethoxy-2-quinolone has been established, have been isolated from the epigeal part of the plantHaplophyllum bungei Trautv. growing in the Moiynkumy desert, Chimkent province, Kazakh SSR.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 23–25, January–February, 1989.     

Physalis withasteroids

The review gives a table of 47 withasteroids isolated from plants of the genusPhysalis. The biogenetic relationship between the different structures of the compounds is discussed on the basis of an analysis of literature material. An assignment of some C-methyl groups of the physalins is made.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 263–277, May–June, 1986.     

Plant polysaccharides

IR spectroscopy has been used to detect a mannan inUngernia bulbs. The mannan was determined qualitatively and quantitatively directly in a preparation of ground bulbs, avoiding the process of extracting the polysaccharide.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 683–685, September–October, 1997.     

Berberis alkaloids

This review systematizes literature information on alkaloids of plants of the genusBerberis. The main chemical and spectral methods of establishing their structures, and also their pharmacological properties, are considered. The review includes literature sources up to 1992.     

Influence of cycloartanes from plants of the genusAstragalus and their synthetic analogs on the contractive function of the myocardium and the activity of Na,K-ATPase

An evaluation has been mde of the cardiotonic activities of cycloartane methylsteroids isolated from plants of the genusAstragalus and their synthetic analogs. It has been established that the compounds investigated exhibit a positive inotropic effect expressed to different degrees. The mechanism of the realization of the positive inotropic action of cycloartane glycosides differs from that of cardiosteroid drugs.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 510–514, July–August, 1994.     

Allium carbohydrates I. Isolation and characterization of the polysaccharides

Summary 1. The amounts of glucofructans in 15 species of plants of the genusAllium L. growing in Central Asia have been studied.2. The polydispersity of all the glucofructans isolated has been established. Fractionation of the glucofructan fromA. sativum L. yielded homogeneous fractions with mol. wt. 1900 and 5000. On the basis of their IR spectra and the results of periodate oxidation, they have been assigned to the glucofructans of the inulin type.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 137–142, March–April, 1979.