共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
M. S. Sultana A. Toyoshima N. Takahashi H. Baba 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2001,247(1):193-195
The distribution behavior of astatine was studied at tracer concentrations and over a wide range of carrier iodide concentration in both solvent extraction and back extraction processes. Astatine compounds were extracted instantly into the organic solvent, CS2 from the carrier free and carrier iodide containing solutions. Back extraction of astatine with various NaOH solutions followed by solvent extraction caused the hydrolysis of astatine. The distribution behavior of astatine was explained by the extraction reaction schemes. 相似文献
2.
We studied the solvent extraction behavior of astatine and found the anomalous behavior of this element similar to radioiodine. Astatine was extracted into CS2 from acidic solution over a wide range of carrier iodine concentration. The distribution ratios of astatine were determined by measuring the -ray from 210 At with a Nal(TI) detector. A drastic change was observed around at 10–4 mol/l as in the case of 131 I. This tendency is well explained by the kinematics of the chemical reactions concemed. 相似文献
3.
M. S. Sultana A. Toyoshima A. Mito N. Takahashi H. Baba H. Watarai 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2000,243(3):657-659
The solvent extraction behavior of radioiodine at tracer concentration was studied by varying the pH of the tracer solution in order to gain deeper insight into the anomalous behavior of radioiodine at low concentrations. The anomalous behavior of radioiodine was observed with all the tracer solutions because of the existence of radioiodine complex in the tracer solution. The observed anomalous behavior of radioiodine was consistently explained by the comprehensive extraction mechanism. 相似文献
4.
N. Takahashi D. Yano Y. Tamiya H. Baba 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1995,200(5):417-426
Anomalous behavior of radioiodine was found in solvent extraction. Iodine was extracted into CS2 from acidic solution over a wide range of iodine concentration. The distribution ratio was obtained by measuring the -rays from iodine-131. The ratio drastically changed at about 10–5 mol l–1. The change is readily explained by the kinetic behavior of radioiodine. 相似文献
5.
H. N. Erten 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1973,14(2):343-349
The solvent extraction behaviour of tracer zirconium in the TTA-xylene system has been studied. By studying the effect of
TTA concentration, extraction time, and acid concentration for HNO3 and HCl, optimum conditions of zirconium extraction are determined. It is found that zirconium is 98% extracted in one minute
of extraction with 0.5M TTA in xylene from an 8M HNO3 solution. A plot of 1g D versus 1g [TTA] gives a straight line with a slope of 2. This suggests that the zirconium ion is
hydrolyzed and is present as ZrO2+, zirconyl ion, in aqueous solutions.
Based on work done while the author was at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 02139, USA. 相似文献
6.
The solvent extraction behavior of thorium traces from the hydrochloric acid media with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMBP) is described using 234Th as a tracer. The influence of certain variables such as extractant concentration, acidity, equilibrium time as well as UO2
2+ ions on the extraction of thorium has been investigated systematically. The back-extraction behavior of thorium from the organic phase has also been tested. The results reveal that the percent extraction of 234Th decreases with increasing hydrochloric acid concentration and thorium is easily back-extracted with an 4-6 mol/l aqueous HCl solution. At the same time, the effect of thorium extraction with PMBP was tested employing radioisotopes as multi-tracers in the irradiation of natural uranium with 14-15 MeV neutrons. The results show that thorium can be completely separated from a large amount of uranium and most of the other main reaction products. 相似文献
7.
Radiochemical methods are quite suitable for studying the behaviour of radioiodine under the dilute conditions relevant to nuclear reactor accidents. Species selective adsorbents are able to distinguish between various inorganic and organic gas-phase iodine species. A solvent extraction procedure for determining aqueous phase organic iodide, free iodine, I– and IO
3
–
fractions has been investigated and found to be valuable, although large inaccuracies in the separation of I– and IO
3
–
can occur for solutions of pH above 10. The extraction of potentially-volatile species in the aqueous phase gives a measure of iodine species volatility consistent with observed values of the partition coefficient. Indirect measurement suggest that the partition coefficient of HOI at room temperature exceeds 30,000. 相似文献
8.
Ekberg Christian Jensen Holger Mezyk Stephen P. Mincher Bruce J. Skarnemark Gunnar 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2017,314(1):235-239
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The partitioning of 211At from an irradiated bismuth target using solvent extraction into several organic solvents is presented. Although astatine... 相似文献
9.
B. Saha K. Swaminathan C. R. Venkatasubramani P. R. Vasudeva Rao 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1996,214(1):17-27
The extraction of Ce (IV) by di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phosphoric acid (HDEHP) has been studied as a function of nitric acid concentration. Using the distribution coefficient data, the optimum conditions for recovery of Ce (IV) from nitric acid medium were arrived at. Under the conditions employed for Ce(IV), a small percentage of Ru was also found to be extracted. Cerium could be selectively stripped from the organic phase with 8M HNO3/30% H2O2 solution. This procedure led to the recovery of144Ce free of106Ru. Based on the solvent extraction data, an extraction-chromatographic procedure employing HDEHP (40% w/w) loaded on Amberlite XAD-7 as the stationary phase was developed for the isolation of pure, carrier-free144Ce from the spent fuel solution. 相似文献
10.
Room temperature ionic liquids are regarded as “Green solvents” for their nonvolatile and thermally stable properties. They are employed to replace traditional volatile organic solvents in organic synthesis, solvent extraction, and electrochemistry. In this work, a water immiscible room temperature ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C4mim][PF6], was used as an alternative solvent for liquid/liquid extraction of copper ions. Metal chelators, including dithizone, 8‐hydroxyquinoline, and 1‐(2‐pyridylazo)‐2‐naphthol, were employed to form neutral metal‐chelate complexes with copper ions so that copper ions were extracted from aqueous solution into [C4mim][PF6]. The parameters that affect the extraction of copper ions with this biphasic system were investigated. The extraction behavior in this novel biphasic system is shown to be consistent with that of traditional solvents. For example, the extraction with this biphasic system is strongly pH dependent. So, the extraction efficiency of coppers ion from an aqueous phase can be manipulated by tailoring the pH value of the extraction system. Hence, the extraction, separation and preconcentraction of copper ions can be accomplished by controlling the pH value of the extraction system. It appears that the use of ionic liquid as an alternate solvent system in liquid/liquid extraction of copper ions is very promising. 相似文献
11.
Carmen Gal Remus Nutiu 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(7):447-460
An extraction device has been investigated for the separation and preconcentration of a series of volatile organic compounds (CHCl3, CHCl2Br, CHClBr2 and CHBr3) in aqueous matrices. The device consisted of a microporous membrane system utilising a hollow fibre tube filled with organic solvent directly immersed into the sample solution. The hollow fibre containing 160 µL organic solvent was immersed in a glass vial with 10 mL capacity, and the extraction took place through diffusive transport between the aqueous sample and the small amount of solvent. For validation of the method, some operational conditions, such as extraction solvent, temperature, stirring rate and separation time, were optimised. Limit of detection was at low ppb levels, with GC-MS analysis under selected ion monitoring (SIM), whereas enrichment factors between 22 and 35 were obtained. Good reproducibility with RSDs between 7.2% and 9.8% and large linear dynamic ranges with R 2 between 0.996 and 0.998 were also achieved. In addition, the performance of the membrane assisted solvent extraction (MASE) system was compared with two existing configurations: a non-porous membrane separation device, as well as with a comparable microporous configuration. The comparison considered the extraction mechanism and the underlying transport processes. The application to real samples showed a good concordance with classical analytical methods. 相似文献
12.
D. R. Prabhu G. R. Mahajan M. S. Murali J. P. Shukla G. M. Nair P. R. Natarajan 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1992,162(1):91-97
The liquid-liquid extraction behavior of plutonium(IV) from aqueous nitric acid media into n-dodecane by di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfoxide (DEHSO) was investigated over a wide range of conditions. Optimum-parameters such as the aqueous phase acidity, reagent and metal concentrations, etc., were established for efficient extraction-separation of tracer as well as macro levels of plutonium. It was found that the extraction increased with increasing nitric acid concentration up to 6M HNO3 and then decreased. Extraction also increased with increasing extractant concentration. After loading of the organic phase with 2 to 50 mg/ml of U(VI), extractability of Pu(IV) became considerably lower. Recovery of Pu(IV) from the organic phase was accomplished using dilute uranium(IV) nitrate as the strippant. 相似文献
13.
R. G. Weginwar Y. Kobayashi S. Ambe B. Liu S. Enomoto F. Ambe 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1996,210(1):45-54
Separation of Au(III) and various carrier-free radionuclides by solvent extraction was investigated using an Au target irradiated by an energetic heavy-ion beam. Percentage extraction of Au(III) and coextraction of the radionuclides were determined with varying parameters such as kinds of solvent, molarity of HCl or pH, and Au concentration. Under the conditions where Au(III) was effectively extracted, namely extraction with ethyl acetate or isobutyl methyl ketone from 3 mol·dm–3 HCl, carrier-free radionuclides of many elements were found to be more or less coextracted. Coextraction of radionuclides of some elements was found to increase with an increase in the concentration of Au(III). This finding is ascribed to the formation of strong association of the complex of these elements with chloroauric acid. In order to avoid serious loss of these elements by the extraction, lowering of the Au(III) concentration or the use of a masking agent such as sodium citrate is necessary. Gold(III) was shown to be effectively back extracted with a 0.1 mol·dm–3 aqueous solution of 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol. Thus, a radiochemical procedure has been established for preparing a carrier-free multitracer and an Au tracer with carrier form from an Au target irradiated with a heavy-ion beam. Both tracers are now used individually for chemical and biological experiments. 相似文献
14.
M. L. P. Reddy G. P. Preetha C. V. Meena T. Prasada Rao C. S. P. Iyer A. D. Damodaran 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1996,211(2):305-316
The extraction of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from thiocyanate solutions with bis-2-ethylhexyl sulphoxide (B2EHSO) in benzene as an extractant has been studied by tracer techniques. For comparison, extraction has also been carried out with tributylphosphate (TBP). The extraction data have been analysed by both graphical and theoretical methods by taking into account complexation of the metal in the aqueous phase by inorganic ligands and plausible complexes extracted into the organic phase. The results demonstrate that Zn(II) is extracted as Zn(SCN)2·2B2EHSO and Zn(SCN)2·2TBP. In the case of Cd(II), the extracted species are Cd(SCN)2·4B2EHSO/4TBP. The synergistic extraction of Zn(II) and Cd(II) with mixtures of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-pyrazolone-5 (HPMBP) and B2EHSO or TBP or trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) from acetate buffer solutions has also been investigated. Zn(II) is extracted as Zn(PMBP)2·B2EHSO/TBP/TOPO. On the other hand, Cd(II) is found to be not extracted with these mixed-ligand systems under the experimental conditions. These results also demonstrate the mutual separation of Zn(II) and Cd(II) using the synergistic extraction with HPMBP in the presence of various neutral oxodonors. 相似文献
15.
Jenn-Lin Lin 《中国化学会会志》1986,33(3):215-219
A procedure is described for the trace analysis of nickel using the liquid-liquid extraction of nickel acenaphthenequinone dioxime complex with molten naphthalene followed by solid-liquid separation. Nickel complex cannot be extracted into any non-aqueous organic solvents, but can be quantitatively extracted into molten naphthalene. It is very stable at high temperature and is dissolved in the mixed solvent (HNO3-DMF). The absorbance of the solution was measured at 231.5 nm against a reagent blank. Beer's law is followed in the concentration range of 5–100 μg of nickel in 10 ml of the final solution. The sensitivity for 1% absorption is 0.155 μg/ml nickel. The relative standard deviation is 1.0% for ten replicate determinations of 60 μg of nickel. The interference of various ions has been studied and the method has been applied to the determination of nickel in aluminium alloys. 相似文献
16.
Ying-Mao Chen 《中国化学会会志》1966,13(1):38-47
Protactinium-233, separated from the irradiated thorium, was used as a tracer for the extraction study with thenoyItrifluoroacetone. From the results obtained by the variation of acidities of HCl with the constant concentration of TTA in benzene, a slope of ?2 was obtained by plotting the distribution coefficients against acidities. With a definite acid concentration of HCl in the aquous solution and by the variation of TTA concentration, a slope of 4 was obtained by plotting the distribution coefficients against the concentration of β-diketone. With these results, species extracted by the organic layer was assumed to be Pa[TTA]2[HTTA]2. If the composition of the organic layer was changed by the addition of the following solvents into the TTA in benzene solution, the order of the extraction was found as follows: n-amyl alcohol > cyclohexane > chloroform > n-hexane > carbon tetrachloride > benzene > nitrobenzene > hexone > cyclohexanone > n-butyl alcohol. 相似文献
17.
A simple liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction device of new design was used to pre-concentrate phenols from water samples before liquid chromatographic (LC) analysis. Extraction was induced by the pH difference inside and outside an organic phase located at the interface. The pH of the donor phase outside the organic phase was adjusted to 1 with HCl whereas the acceptor phase was a basic solution at pH 13. On stirring neutral phenols were extracted into the organic solvent then back-extracted into 1 μL of basic acceptor solution suspended from the tip of a micro syringe. The acceptor phase was then withdrawn into the micro syringe and injected directly into the LC. The technique uses a low-cost disposable extraction ‘device’ and is very convenient to operate. Up to 230-fold enrichment of analytes could be achieved. This procedure could also serve as a sample clean-up step because neutral and basic compounds were not extracted into the acceptor phase. The RSD (n = 5) was better than 6.2% and the linear calibration range was from 1 to 1000 µg–L−1 with r 2 ≥ 0.992.Optimization of experimental conditions (rate of stirring, ionic strength of the sample solution, concentration of reagents, time of extraction, and organic solvent volume) were also examined. The method was applied to the determination of phenols in tap and well waters.Revised: 14 February and 29 March 2005 相似文献
18.
The four nerve agent degradation products methylphosphonic acid (MPA), ethyl methylphosphonic acid (EMPA), isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA) and cyclohexyl methylphosphonic acid (CMPA) have been successfully extracted from aqueous sample solution by ion-pair liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction. In this procedure, the target analytes in the sample solution were converted into their ion-pair complexes with tri-n-butyl amine and then extracted by an organic solvent (1-octanol) layer on top of the sample solution. Simultaneously, the analytes were back-extracted into a drop of an aqueous acceptor solution which was suspended in the organic phase at a microsyringe needle tip. The factors influential to extraction: type of organic solvent, type of ion-pair reagent and its concentration, pH values of sample solution and acceptor aqueous phase, stirring rate and extraction time were investigated in detail. After extraction, the drop of the acceptor solution was withdrawn into the syringe and injected into a capillary electrophoresis system for analysis. Using contactless conductivity detection, direct quantification of these compounds is possible. Moreover, large-volume sample injection was employed for further preconcentration. Improvements in the limits of detection between 2.5 and 4 orders of magnitude could be achieved and concentrations at the ng/mL level can be determined. This newly established approach was successfully applied to a spiked river water sample. 相似文献
19.
Jiang Lv Xu Zhao Jing Ye Dan Liu Xiaohui Chen Kaishun Bi 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2013,27(3):292-298
A hollow fiber‐based liquid phase microextraction strategy combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography was evaluated for the quantitative determination of trimetazidine in human plasma. Trimetazidine was extracted from a 2.1 mL basified plasma sample (donor phase) into the organic solvent (n‐octanol) impregnated in the pores of a hollow fiber and then extracted into an acidic solution (acceptor phase) inside the lumen of the hollow fiber. The result showed that transport of drugs from alkaline sample solution into 0.5 m HCl occurred efficiently when 25 μL of 250 mm sodium 1‐octanesulfonate was added into the donor phase. Several parameters influencing the efficiency of the method, such as the nature of organic solvent used to impregnate the membrane, compositions of donor phase and acceptor phase, type and concentration of carrier, extraction time, stirring rate and salt concentration, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration curves were obtained in the range of 5–200 ng/mL with reasonable linearity (r > 0.9980). The method was successfully applied to determine the concentration of trimetazidine in human plasma. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
A preconcentration method combined with neutron activation technique for the analysis of organic and inorganic mercury in waste water samples at ppb levels is presented. The inorganic mercury is extracted in CCl4 solution with lead diethyldithiocarbamate reagent and the organic mercury is extracted in C6H6 solution. Interfering activities of sodium and bromine are removed from the irradiated samples by this procedure. Two different solvent extraction procedures are also described in detail. 相似文献