PROPAGATION OF IMPACT PULSE IN A CHAIN OF ELASTIC BALLS

采用Hertz 接触理论处理牛顿摆中球与球之间的相互接触,建立球链碰撞模型,观察到碰撞过程中类似孤立波的传播现象。为了便于处理“n 对m”碰撞的计算,编写了带有GUI (graphic user interface) 界面的计算程序,可以研究不同撞击球个数对撞击过程的影响,包括球心位置、球心速度以及相邻小球间的变形量与相互作用力随时间的变化规律。进一步比较了一维球链模型和三维有限元模型的结果,并实验观察了碰撞过程的细节,得到一致性结论。     

球链中冲击扰动的传播

采用Hertz接触理论处理牛顿摆中球与球之间的相互接触,建立球链碰撞模型,观察到碰撞过程中类似孤立波的传播现象.为了便于处理"n对m"碰撞的计算,编写了带有GUI(graphic user interface)界面的计算程序,可以研究不同撞击球个数对撞击过程的影响,包括球心位置、球心速度以及相邻小球间的变形量与相互作用力随时间的变化规律.进一步比较了一维球链模型和三维有限元模型的结果,并实验观察了碰撞过程的细节,得到一致性结论.     

分析磁流变流体屈服应力微观力学模型

剪切屈服应力是磁流变流体固化强度的重要指标之一,具有重要的工程意义。基于磁性物理学理论,从磁流变流体在磁场作用下铁磁性固体颗粒极化成链的微观结构出发,探讨磁流变流体中固体颗粒间的相互作用机理,分析研究颗粒间的相互作用力,建立了一种微观力学模型,可用于分析磁流变流体在外加磁场作用下屈服应力及其影响因素的作用效果,揭示磁流变效应的微结构机理,为磁流变流体的性能优化、工程开发及应用磁流变流体提供理论依据。     

基于蛋白质晶体结构的残基相互作用势能函数研究进展

阐述了基于蛋白质晶体结构的残基势能函数的研究进展, 从平均作用力场势能函数的基本物理假设、势能函数性质和影响势能函数准确性的因素3个方面出发, 分析了导出残基相互作用势能的方法, 给出了残基对之间和3个残基之间的平均作用力势能函数计算过程, 并介绍了残基势能函数在蛋白质结构研究领域的应用. 基于蛋白质晶体结构的残基相互作用势能研究表明, 蛋白质结构稳定是多种作用力相互竞争、相互协调进而达到平衡状态的结果. 未来对于残基团簇及其相互作用网络能量分布的研究, 能够建立介于原子尺度和蛋白质整体结构尺度之间的作用力物理模型, 为蛋白质结构宏观尺度研究提供重要的微观力学机理.      

多孔介质中流固作用力的动量交换计算

流经多孔介质的流动广泛存在于化工生产、多孔颗粒悬浮流等领域,如何准确计算流体与多孔介质之间的作用力是研究此类流动的一个关键因素. 作为一种有效的流体计算方法,格子波尔兹曼方法（lattice Boltzmannmethod,LBM）常采用动量交换法计算流体与固体之间相互作用力. 分析了流体流经多孔介质时两者的动量交换过程,提出了一种高效的动量交换法来计算流固作用力,并在孔隙尺度下对其进行了验证,结果表明该方法是可行的. 进而将该方法推广到计算表征体元（表征体元）尺度下的流-固相互作用,并对不同雷诺数（Re）下的多孔方柱绕流问题进行了模拟和验证.      

FORCE EVALUATION USING MOMENTUM-EXCHANGEMETHOD IN POROUS MEDIA

流经多孔介质的流动广泛存在于化工生产、多孔颗粒悬浮流等领域,如何准确计算流体与多孔介质之间的作用力是研究此类流动的一个关键因素. 作为一种有效的流体计算方法,格子波尔兹曼方法（lattice Boltzmannmethod,LBM）常采用动量交换法计算流体与固体之间相互作用力. 分析了流体流经多孔介质时两者的动量交换过程,提出了一种高效的动量交换法来计算流固作用力,并在孔隙尺度下对其进行了验证,结果表明该方法是可行的. 进而将该方法推广到计算表征体元（表征体元）尺度下的流-固相互作用,并对不同雷诺数（Re）下的多孔方柱绕流问题进行了模拟和验证.     

土中箱形结构动力反应分析

本文提出了将土中箱形结构化为等效土层的等效层模型,并建议将土中箱形结构的动力反应分析按两步进行:第一步,对等效层模型进行波动分析,求出结构——土壤交界面处的相互作用力;第二步,将由第一步所得相互作用力作为荷载,将土中箱形结构如同地上结构一样,用一般结构动力学方法进行动力反应分析。文中给出了比较计算结果,说明所建议的模型和分析方法有很好的计算精度。     

爆炸荷载作用下围岩与地下结构的动力相互作用

利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA非线性显式动力有限元程序和流固耦合计算方法,对炸药在地下拱形结构上方岩石中垂直爆炸过程进行数值模拟,借助波动理论p-u Hugoniot线对爆炸冲击波在围岩与结构之间的传播和加卸载过程进行理论分析;得到了不同跨度拱形结构与围岩之间的最大相互作用力及相互作用力分布图。研究结果表明:冲击波由高阻抗围岩向低阻抗混凝土传播时,围岩卸载,应力减小;反向传播时,岩石加载,应力增大;爆距为5 m时爆炸冲击波对40 m跨度拱形结构整体产生拉压震荡,引起的震动效应显著。     

体积分数对基于沸石和硅油的悬浮液的电流变性能的影响

用 HAAKE RV2 0型流变仪 ,在不同外加电场强度和不同颗粒体积分数下测试了基于沸石和硅油的电流变液的剪切应力变化 .结果表明 :随着外加电场强度升高 ,电流变液的零电场粘度急剧增加 ,电流变液的剪切屈服应力增加 ;随着电流变液中沸石颗粒体积分数升高 ,电流变液的剪切屈服强度急剧上升 .这种变化可以用颗粒间作用力与颗粒间距的关系、单位面积的颗粒链数目变化以及多体作用对电流变液性能的影响来解释     

单晶硅AFM加工过程的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法对AFM针尖加工单晶硅进行了研究.工件内部硅原子间相互作用力采用Tersoff多体势计算,工件原子和金刚石针尖原子的相互作用力采用Morse对势计算.本文分析了在不同切削深度下系统势能和牛顿层温度变化情况,对切削力、切屑、侧向流原子跟切削深度的关系进行了系统研究,并在此基础上,对金刚石针尖在单晶硅上的切削机理进行了讨论.     

Using spring repulsions to model entanglement interactions in Brownian dynamics simulations of bead–spring chains

We develop a bead–spring Brownian dynamics model for simulating the topological interactions between polymers and thin obstacles and apply this method to electrophoretically translating DNA strands interacting with an immovable post. The use of a bead–spring method allows for the simulation of entanglement interactions of polymer chains too long to be simulated using bead–rod or pearl necklace models. Using stiff “FENE-Fraenkel” springs, we are able to model short chains as well. Our new method determines the shortest distance between a spring and the post, calculates a repulsive force inversely related to this distance using an exponential potential, and corrects for the rare situation when a spring passes beyond the post despite the repulsive interaction. As an example problem, we consider single-chain collisions with a single post in weak electric fields. We explore a wide range of chain lengths (25–1,515 Kuhn steps), and we find that the average delay produced by the collision is a function of both the chain length and the Peclet number. Chains of all lengths reach the same upper limit at high Peclet number, but they follow separate curves with similar slopes at lower Peclet number. Our results are consistent with published results for a 25-Kuhn-step chain at Peclet number Pe = 10. Our new method is a general one that allows us to compute the effects of entanglements in systems with rare entanglements and long chains that cannot be simulated by other more microscopic methods.     

A numerical methodology for investigating the formation of adiabatic shear bands

In this paper, we present a numerical approach for analyzing thermo-visco-plastic deformation in one dimension. The method, which is accurate to second order, is based on integration along the characteristic lines. It is able to simulate fully localized plastic flow with high resolution and good efficiency. We apply this numerical scheme to the analysis of shear localization, emphasizing the interactions between a single shear band and its surroundings and among the members of a periodic array of shear bands. It is found that a shear band may grow intermittently due to interactions with other bands. The developed method is specifically adequate for analyzing the self-organized multiple adiabatic formation process, which will be discussed in the follow-up paper.     

Modeling of Liquid Fuel Injection, Evaporation and Mixing in a Gas Turbine Burner Using Large Eddy Simulations

The interaction of turbulence, temperature fluctuation, liquid fuel transport, mixing and evaporation is studied by using Large Eddy Simulations (LES). To assess the accuracy of the different components of the methods we consider first isothermal, single phase flow in a straight duct. The results using different numerical methods incorporating dynamic Sub-Grid-Scale (SGS) models are compared with DNS and experimental data. The effects of the interactions among turbulence, temperature fluctuation, spray transport, evaporation and mixing of the gaseous fuel are studied by using different assumptions on the temperature field. It has been found that there are strong non-linear interactions among temperature-fluctuation, evaporation and turbulent mixing which require additional modeling if not full LES is used. The developed models and methods have been applied to a gas turbine burner into which liquid fuel is injected. The dispersion of the droplets in the burner is described. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Stokesian dynamics simulation of the role of hydrodynamic interactions on the behavior of a single particle suspending in a Newtonian fluid. Part 1. 1D flexible and rigid fibers

As seen in textbooks of polymer physics, a linear polymer chain can be modeled as a filament of connected beads. This concept can also be adapted to fibers and, for example, flexible fibers can be modeled by considering a stretch force, bending and torsion torques with a non-slip condition between adjacent beads, following the particle simulation method. In predicting fiber motions and their relating rheological properties, the importance of hydrodynamic interactions should be analyzed, so in this work we study the effect of hydrodynamic interactions on the behavior of a single flexible fiber under shear using Stokesian dynamics simulation with a 11N × 11N mobility matrix, where N is the aspect ratio of the fiber. Our results indicate that hydrodynamic interaction becomes significant when the fiber is highly flexible.     

The Monte Carlo dynamics of polymer chains in sandwich brushes

We designed and developed a simple model of polymer chains. The chains consist of identical united atoms (segments) and were restricted to a simple cubic lattice with the excluded volume interactions only (an athermal system).The polymers were confined between two parallel impenetrable walls with one end of each chain was grafted to the wall. A motion of a probe single linear chain in such environment was studied. The properties of the model studied were determined from the Monte Carlo simulations employing a Metropolis-like sampling algorithm with local changes of chains’ conformation. The influence of the system density and the length of chains on the polymer mobility was studied and discussed. We found that the number of chains forming the brush was the major quantity which governed the dynamics of a probe chain, while the length of the chains in the brush also influenced the diffusivity of the probe chain. The diffusion coefficients scaled with the length of a probe chain is stronger than in the Rouse model with the exponent γ?=??1.3.     

SURFACE STRESS PROPERTIES OF DNA-MICROCANTILEVER SYSTEMS

For the first time, the connection between surface stress and nanoscopic interac- tions of DNA adsorbed on microcantilever is established by combining Strey＇s mesoscopic liquid crystal theory and Stoney＇s formula. It is shown that surface stress depends not only on biomolec- ular interactions of DNA biofilm but also on mechanical properties of cantilever. Considering the correlativity between grafting density and chain length of DNA chain, we discuss the differences between DNA-microcantilever system and DNA solution system. The major theoretical achieve- ment of this model is to identify the main contributions to surface stress under different detection conditions. This provides guidelines for designing new biosensors with high sensitivity and improved reliability.     

Resonances of three transverse standing-wave modes in a waveguide with periodic wall undulations

Interactions of three transverse modes are investigated in a waveguide with periodic walls. Resonances of two guided wave modes always result in forbidden bands for wave propagations when the wavenumber matching conditions are satisfied. As a third mode is involved due to the selected wall corrugations, we find that a single high-order mode can penetrate through the forbidden band based on the complex interactions. A method for generating a single high-order transverse mode is proposed by manipulating the multimode interactions. The numerical simulations on acoustic waveguides, showing the extreme suppression of the unwanted modes in the Bragg and non-Bragg gaps, demonstrate the validity and the efficiency of the proposed method.     

Linear elastic chain with a hyper-pre-stress

To account for surface relaxation in ultra-thin films, we consider the simplest one-dimensional discrete chain with harmonic interactions of up to second nearest neighbors. We assume that the springs, describing interactions of the nearest neighbors (NN) and next to nearest neighbors (NNN) have incompatible reference lengths, which introduce a hyper-pre-stress and results in a formation of the exponential surface boundary layers. For a finite body loaded by a system of (double) forces at the boundary, we explicitly find the displacement field and compute the energies of the inhomogeneous stressed and reference configurations. We then obtain a simple expression for the hyper-pre-stress-related contribution to the surface energy and show an unusual scaling of the total energy with the film thickness. For ultra-thin films we report an anomalous stiffness increase due to the overlapping of the surface boundary layers. Implications of the micro level hyper-pre-stress in fracture mechanics and in the theory of non-Bravais lattices are also discussed.     

Automatic extraction method of force chain information and its application in the flow photoelastic experiment of granular matter

The force chain is the core of the multi-scale analysis of granular matter. Accurately extracting the force chain information among particles is of great significance to the study of particle mechanics and geological hazards caused by particle flow. However, in the photoelastic experiment, the precise identification of the branching points of force chains has not been effectively realized. Therefore, this study proposes an automatic extraction method of force chain key information. First, based on the Hough transform and the Euclidean distance, a particle geometric information identification model is established and geometric information such as particle circle center coordinates, radius, contact point location, and contact angle is extracted. Then, a particle contact force information identification model is established following the color gradient mean square method. The model realizes the rapid calibration and extraction of a large number of particle media contact force information. Next, combined with the force chain composition criterion and its quasilinear feature, an automatic extraction method of force chain information is established, which solves the problem of the accurate identification of the force chain branch points. Finally, in the photoelastic experiment of ore drawing from a single drawpoint, the automatic extraction method of force chain information is verified. The results show that the macroscopic distribution of force chains during ore drawing from a single drawpoint is left–right symmetrical. Strong force chains are mostly located on the two sides of the model but in small numbers and they mainly develop vertically. Additionally, the ends are mostly in a combination of Y and inverted Y shapes, while the middle is mostly quasilinear. Weak force chains are abundant and mostly distributed in the middle of the model, and develop in different directions. The proposed extraction method accurately extracts the force chain network from the photoelastic experiment images and dynamically characterizes the force chains of granular matter, which has significant advantages in particle geometry information extraction, force chain branch point discrimination, force chain retrieval, and force chain distribution and its azimuthal characterization. The results provide a scientific basis for studying the macroscopic and microscopic mechanical parameters of granular matter.     

REBOUNDING OF GALILEAN CANNON FROM A RIGID WALL1)

研究了Galilean炮——即若干个直径递增的弹性球组成的球链---撞击刚性壁回弹的问题。采用三种力学模型：分离刚体的多次"弹性"碰撞、多刚体的接触碰撞、以及有限元模拟,对球链撞击问题进行了分析,旨在给出碰撞结束后末端小球的飞离速度与入射速度的比值。研究表明：球链碰撞反弹后将会散开,末端小球的飞离速度明显大于球链入射速度;当入射球链间存在间隙时,末端小球的速度增幅更加明显。通过实验展现了这种末端小球回弹速度增加的现象。