Recent methodological advances in MALDI mass spectrometry

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is widely used for characterization of large, thermally labile biomolecules. Advantages of this analytical technique are high sensitivity, robustness, high-throughput capacity, and applicability to a wide range of compound classes. For some years, MALDI-MS has also been increasingly used for mass spectrometric imaging as well as in other areas of clinical research. Recently, several new concepts have been presented that have the potential to further advance the performance characteristics of MALDI. Among these innovations are novel matrices with low proton affinities for particularly efficient protonation of analyte molecules, use of wavelength-tunable lasers to achieve optimum excitation conditions, and use of liquid matrices for improved quantification. Instrumental modifications have also made possible MALDI-MS imaging with cellular resolution as well as an efficient generation of multiply charged MALDI ions by use of heated vacuum interfaces. This article reviews these recent innovations and gives the author’s personal outlook of possible future developments.

Recent advances in computational analysis of mass spectrometry for proteomic profiling

The proteome, defined as an organism's proteins and their actions, is a highly complex end-effector of molecular and cellular events. Differing amounts of proteins in a sample can be indicators of an individual's health status; thus, it is valuable to identify key proteins that serve as 'biomarkers' for diseases. Since the proteome cannot be simply inferred from the genome due to pre- and posttranslational modifications, a direct approach toward mapping the proteome must be taken. The difficulty in evaluating a large number of individual proteins has been eased with the development of high-throughput methods based on mass spectrometry (MS) of peptide or protein mixtures, bypassing the time-consuming, laborious process of protein purification. However, proteomic profiling by MS requires extensive computational analysis. This article describes key issues and recent advances in computational analysis of mass spectra for biomarker identification.     

Recent advances in mass spectrometry analysis of low molecular weight heparins

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are the most widely used anticoagulant drugs produced by chemical or enzymatic modification of parent heparin polysaccharides. The present article reviews recent advances in orthogonal and complementary mass spectrometry (MS) methodologies towards complete elucidation of natural and modified structures in LMWHs that possibly affect the drug quality, safety and efficacy.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱技术最新进展

对1998年以来电感耦合等离子体质谱技术（ICP－MS）的最新进展作一简要回顾。内容包括同位素比值分析、双聚焦扇形磁场高分辨ICP－MS、多接收器磁扇形等离子体质谱仪（MC－ICP－MS）、飞行时间等离子体质谱仪（ICP－TOF－MS）、“冷”等离子体及屏蔽炬技术以及动态碰撞／反应池技术等进展。     

Recent advances of chromatography and mass spectrometry in lipidomics

Lipidomics, as a novel branch of metabolomics, which is aimed at comprehensive analysis of lipids and their biological roles with respect to health and diseases, has attracted increased attention from biological and analytical scientists. As a result of the complexity and diversity of lipids, accurate identification and efficient separation are required for lipidomics analysis. Mass spectrometry (MS) and chromatography have been extensively developed in the past few decades and hold a distinguished position in qualification and separation science. They are powerful and indispensable tools for lipidomics. Herein, we present the recent advancement of MS, chromatography, and their hyphenation technologies in lipidomics.     

多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱方法的开发和应用进展

稳定同位素分析是分析化学一项颇具前景的分支,通过精确测定物质的稳定同位素比值,可以追溯物质来源并探究其转化过程。高精度稳定同位素分析技术的进步依赖于新一代质谱仪的不断发展。其中,多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-MS)是近年发展迅速的一种同位素组成测定工具。稳定同位素分析对样品基质十分敏感,复杂基质能严重干扰同位素测定的精密度和准确度。这对MC-ICP-MS的样品净化提出了极高要求,目前也是同位素分析领域的热点问题。该文聚焦于近年来MC-ICP-MS在样品净化及仪器联用方法方面的相关研究进展,并展望了MC-ICP-MS稳定同位素分析的应用前景。     

Recent advances in supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry

A summary of the recent advances in SFC/MS is included in this review. Interface designs are described as well as the key control variables. Finally, future developments in SFC/MS are predicted.     

顶空气相色谱-质谱联用技术的应用进展

顶空分析作为一种无有机溶剂萃取的样品处理技术,通常与气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）技术结合用来分析复杂基质中的挥发性有机物。顶空气相色谱-质谱（HS-GC-MS）技术具有快速、高效、环保、灵敏度高等特点,在常规分析中发挥着重要作用。该文简要概述了静态顶空、动态顶空、顶空固相微萃取分析以及GC-MS联用技术,并介绍了整个顶空分析系统的影响因素和优化过程。根据基质类型的分类,综述了HS-GC-MS在食品和饮料、环境、生物等样品中的应用实例。HS-GC-MS的研究非常活跃,不断出现新应用,在分析挥发性有机物方面具有广阔前景。     

Recent advances of ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging in clinical research

The structural information and spatial distribution of molecules in biological tissues are closely related to the potential molecular mechanisms of disease origin, transfer, and classification. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging is an effective tool that provides molecular images while describing in situ information of biomolecules in complex samples, in which ionization occurs at atmospheric pressure with the samples being analyzed in the native state. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging can directly analyze tissue samples at a fairly high resolution to obtain molecules in situ information on the tissue surface to identify pathological features associated with a disease, resulting in the wide applications in pharmacy, food science, botanical research, and especially clinical research. Herein, novel ambient ionization techniques, such as techniques based on spray and solid‐liquid extraction, techniques based on plasma desorption, techniques based on laser desorption ablation, and techniques based on acoustic desorption were introduced, and the data processing of ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging was briefly reviewed. Besides, we also highlight recent applications of this imaging technology in clinical researches and discuss the challenges in this imaging technology and the perspectives on the future of the clinical research.     

Recent advances in analytical methodologies based on mass spectrometry for the environmental analysis of halogenated organic contaminants

Halogenated organic contaminants, including legislated and potential persistent organic pollutants and their precursors, represent a major environmental concern due to their hazardous effects in humans and wildlife as well as their ability to bioaccumulate through the food chain, their high resistance to environmental degradation, and their long-range atmospheric transport potential. The monitoring of these compounds in the environment at ultra-trace concentration levels requires highly selective and sensitive analytical methodologies. The lack of reference step-by-step methods led to a high number of reliable determinations depending on analytes, the complexity of the sample, and available instrumentation. Thus, this review article is mainly focused on the last advances in the analytical methodologies for the determination of halogenated organic contaminants. Methodologies regarding sample treatment, chromatographic separation, and mass spectrometry analysis have been reviewed to finally highlight the future perspectives for the improvement of the analytical determinations of these compounds and the throughput of environmental control laboratories in this field.     

Recent advances in the application of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometric detection

This review gives an overview of applications of CE coupled to MS detection published in the literature of the last three years. The works discussed in this paper comprise a wide range of different fields of application. These include important sections such as the analysis of biomolecules, the analysis of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in different matrices, environmental analysis, and also investigations on the composition of technical products.     

Recent progress in mass spectrometry for inorganic analysis

Mass spectrometry for inorganic analysis was originally developed with an r.f. spark ion source, a double focussing Mattauch-Herzog mass spectrograph and photographic plate detection. Current equipment is roughly equivalent to that which became available more than 25 years ago, but considerable technological and methodological progress has been achieved recently. Ion bombardment developed into an interesting alternative ionisation method for solid samples. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is widely used for surface inorganic and organic analysis, and localised microanalysis. Other alternative excitation modes have been proposed more recently : the inductively coupled plasma, the hollow cathode discharge and the pulsed laser. The inductively coupled plasma source appears to be promising for the sensitive mass spectrometric analysis of solutions. The laser source is emerging as a viable alternative for the spark source in existing spectrometers because of its more reproducible operating characteristics and the localised nature of the laser-solid interaction. The pulsed laser has led to the development and commercialisation of sensitive microanalysers with a lateral resolution of 1–3 μm. These instruments make use of time-of-flight mass analysers.Advances in the measurement techniques and in the instrumentation are described and a few representative examples of state of the art performance are discussed. Examples are selected from the experience in our own laboratory with SSMS, SIMS with the ion microscope and laser microprobe mass analysis with the transmission type LAMMA instrument. They will be selected from the field of environmental analytical chemistry and from that of the analytical chemistry of pure industrially important materials.     

纳米材料辅助负离子激光解吸电离-飞行时间质谱分析小分子研究进展

基质辅助激光解吸电离-飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）作为一种软电离质谱技术,目前已被广泛用于蛋白质、多肽、核酸、聚合物等大分子分析。由于传统有机化合物基质在低相对分子质量（小于700 Da）区域的干扰,该技术在小分子物质分析方面受到很大限制。为克服传统有机化合物基质在低相对分子质量区域的干扰,近年来以纳米材料为代表的无机基质材料备受关注。相对传统有机化合物基质或纳米材料正离子模式,基于纳米材料的负离子激光解吸电离（LDI）有效避免了正离子模式下一种化合物会产生多种加合物的问题,具有图谱简单易于解析、灵敏度高、重现性好等优点。该文综述了近5年来纳米材料负离子LDI-TOF MS技术在小分子分析方面的研究进展,以期拓展该技术在小分子分析方面的应用。     

Recent advances in the application of capillary electrophoresis for food analysis

This article reviews recent developments in the application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the analysis of foods and food components. CE has been applied to a number of important areas of food analysis and is fast becoming an established technique within food analytical and research laboratories. Papers are reviewed that were published during the two years to date following the previous review (Electrophoresis 2001, 22, 4197-4206).     

基于微流控芯片-质谱联用的细胞分析研究进展

微流控芯片与质谱联用为细胞研究提供了一个很好的研究平台.质谱的高灵敏度和对化合物独特的鉴别能力可以从复杂的化学信息背景中筛选识别出微量目标物,是细胞分析理想的检测手段.本文重点综述了近年来基于微流控芯片-质谱联用技术的细胞研究进展,从芯片-电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)接口技术、集成化的样品前处理技术、细胞的药物代谢和细胞相互作用研究及基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱(MALDI-MS)的细胞分析应用等方面总结了最新的方法和技术发展.并展望了芯片-质谱联用新技术应用于细胞分析的可能性.     

完整糖基化肽段的富集与质谱解析新技术研究进展

蛋白质糖基化是生物体内最重要的翻译后修饰之一,在蛋白质稳定性、细胞内和细胞间信号转导、激素活化或失活和免疫调节等生理过程和病理进程中发挥重要作用.而异常的蛋白质糖基化往往和多种疾病的发生发展密切相关,目前应用于临床检测的多种肿瘤生物标志物大多属于糖蛋白或者糖抗原.因此在组学层次系统分析蛋白质糖基化的变化对阐明生物体内糖...     

Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis

This review covers the application of capillary electromigration methods to analyze foods and food components, including amino acids, biogenic amines, peptides, proteins, DNAs, carbohydrates, phenols, polyphenols, pigments, toxins, pesticides, vitamins, additives, small organic and inorganic ions, chiral compounds, and other compounds in foods, as well as those applications of CE for monitoring food interactions and food processing. The use of microchips as well as other foreseen trends in food analysis by CE are discussed. Papers that were published during the period June 2005-March 2007 are included following the previous review by Cifuentes (Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 283-303).     

Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis

This article reviews the latest developments in the application of capillary electromigration methods for the analysis of foods and food components. Nowadays, methods based on CE techniques are becoming widely used in food analytical and research laboratories. This review covers the application of CE to analyze amino acids, biogenic amines, peptides, proteins, DNAs, carbohydrates, phenols, polyphenols, pigments, toxins, pesticides, vitamins, additives, small organic and inorganic ions, chiral compounds, and other compounds in foods, as well as to investigate food interactions and food processing. The use of microchips as well as other foreseen trends in CE analysis of foods is discussed. Papers that were published during the period June 2002-June 2005 are included following the previous review by Frazier and Papadopoulou (Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 4095-4105).     

Recent advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for protein analysis.

The utility of the combination of separations techniques, such as liquid chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis, with mass spectrometry in applications involving protein analysis is discussed. The use of continuous-flow fast atom bombardment and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is compared for the analysis of tryptic digests. For liquid chromatography, both microbore and slurry-packed capillary bore columns were used to separate peptides from proteolytic digests.