氧化物系碱度的ESCA研究

氧化物系的酸碱性至今尚无一套完整的标度。Duffy等根据Pb~(2+)等离子(d~(10)s~2组态)在氧化物玻璃系中的Rydberg跃迁提出光学碱度的概念,但这种碱度测量只适用于对紫外光透明的少数体系。Imagawa则根据Cu~(2+)在碱金属硼酸盐等玻璃系中的ESR谱变化而提出另一种碱度。     

标度二元氧化物酸碱性质的新方法

本文运用桑德逊电负性原理,提出了一种标度二元氧化物酸碱性质的新方法。计算了一百余个二元氧化物的酸碱参数(a),结果与氧化物的实际酸碱顺序符合得很好。     

氧化物碱标与Sanderson电荷分数

目前的酸碱理论中，以Lewis酸碱理论最具概念上的广泛性和本质上的深刻性．但其应用还局限于定性，为使这一方法定量化，并解决固体体系酸碱性的表征问题，miffy提出了光学碱度概念D’．对一些氧化物的光学碱度值，在理论上可由Pauling电负性进行计算，实验中通过探针离子光谱跃迁测定．但DUffy的方法还仅限于对主族氧化物体系的应用．在Pauling电负性基础上发展起来的Sanderson电负性能更好地表示化合物中原子的特征，在标度氧化物特性方面应比Pauling电负性具有更精确的意义．本文从Sanderson电负性均衡原理“咄发，由Sanderson电荷分…     

CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-Na2O-CrOx炉渣中铬氧化物的非化学计量研究

采用化学平衡法研究了1673和1773 K下CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-Na2O-CrOx渣系中铬氧化物的非化学计量. 用化学分析法确定了平衡时渣中各价态铬氧化物的含量, 计算出了平衡时铬氧化物CrOx的非化学计量数x、活度比和炉渣的光学碱度值, 研究了温度、碱度、氧分压和铬氧化物总量对这些参数的影响. 结果表明, 铬氧化物的非化学计量数x随温度的升高、氧分压的降低和铬氧化物总含量的增加而减小, 随碱度的增大而增大; 温度、氧分压和铬氧化物总量对平衡时各渣样的理论光学碱度基本没有影响;铬氧化物的活度比随氧分压的升高而减小, 随温度的升高而增大. 推导得到的铬氧化物非化学计量的缺陷方程和实验结果均表明氧分压为影响其非化学计量性的主导因素.     

光学碱度的理论分析及其在炉渣中的应用

以表征氧化物酸碱度的 L 函数与光学碱度 A 相关,得到了 Lewis 碱度和Lux-Flood 碱度间的良好相关关系,求得 Fe(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)、Mn(Ⅱ)等过渡金属氧化物的 A 值.以扩展休克尔(Hückel)分子轨道计算法半定量地分析了光学碱度,得出了与 Duffy 定性模型一致的结论.运用光学碱度并结合 Masson 的硅酸盐离子聚合理论提出了计算多元系炉渣 No~(2-)的经验方法并由此统一地与钢铁冶炼中各种炉型炉渣的分配比相关,获得了较满意的结果.     

二元氧化物的酸碱性标度

用热力学函数的方法确定出元素气态正离子对氧离子O~(2-)的亲合势相对标度b。用b值作周期系中各类元素的二元氧化物酸碱性的分类标准,即b<-0.1时为碱性氧化物,b>0.2时为酸性氧化物,-0.1≤b≤0.2时为两性氧化物。基本上与实验情况相符合。     

Na2O—P2O5玻璃的结构和光学碱度

Duffy所提出的光学碱度概念,为研究固体物质的酸碱性,特别是冶金炉渣、玻璃等非晶态体系的碱度提供了一条新的途径.该方法所用计算光学碱度∧的公式为     

玻璃体系中折射碱度的测定

根据ｌｅｗｉｓ的观点,物质的酸碱性与其内部的电子密度分布有关。一些光学特征(如吸收、折射等)是由介质内部电子云分布所决定的,因而反映这些光学特征的光学参数与ｌｅｗｉｓ碱度之间存在着必然的联系,光学碱度[1]的概念就是由此提出的。摩尔折射Ｒ反映了分子中电子云(主要是价电子云)在外电场中变形能力的大小,它与折射率ｎ的关系可通过其分子量Ｍ和密度ｄ由ＬｏｒｅｎｔｚＬｏｒｅｎｔｚ公式得到:Ｒ=ｎ2-1ｎ2 2·Ｍｄ摩尔折射度与折射率一样具有加和性,因此在氧化物玻璃中可由玻璃的摩尔折射度减去阳离子折射度而得到氧离子的离子折射度…     

CeO2对低氟连铸保护渣转折温度和结晶性能的影响

研究了低氟条件下,稀土氧化物CeO2对连铸保护渣转折温度和结晶性能的影响,同时与常规的高氟连铸保护渣性能进行了对比分析。结果表明：在碱度R较低的条件下,随着CeO2含量的升高,转折温度和结晶温度均有先下降后上升的趋势;在碱度较高的情况下,CeO2的加入将明显提高连铸保护渣的转折温度和凝固温度。     

含钛玻璃光学碱度的测量

以Ｃu＾２＋为探针，成功地测得了含钛玻璃体系的光学碱度，并发现二氧化钛对体系组合 碱度的贡献与基质玻璃度有关，而且并非总是同一常数，这一结果将有助于进一步解决这类体系的碱度测量问题。     

Basicities of alumina-supported alkaline earth metal oxides

A series of alumina-supported alkaline earth metal oxide catalysts were prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation. These catalysts were characterized by nitrogen-sorption to determine their surface areas and pore size distributions. The basicities of these catalysts were characterized by temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide. The TPD results demonstrate that all of the catalysts have one-peak profiles. The basicity increases with increasing atomic number of the alkaline earth metal. The alumina-supported alkaline earth oxides exhibit the same basic properties as bulk metal oxides. However, the presence of alumina can increase the mechanical strength of the catalyst, since the alkaline earth oxides have a weak mechanical strength. The basic properties of the catalysts are strongly influenced by the calcination temperature.     

Optically active mixed phthalocyaninato-porphyrinato rare-earth double-decker complexes: synthesis, spectroscopy, and solvent-dependent molecular conformations

Reaction between the optically active metal-free phthalocyanine with a pi system with noncentrosymmetrical C(2) [corrected] symmetry ((S)- and (R)-H(2){Pc(OBNP)(2)}; OBNP=binaphthylphthalocyanine) and half-sandwich complexes [M(III)(acac)(TClPP)] (M=Y, Eu; TClPP=meso-tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)porphyrinate; acac=acetylacetonate), which were generated in situ from [M(acac)(3)].n H(2)O and H(2)(TClPP) in n-octanol at reflux, provided the first optically active protonated mixed phthalocyaninato-porphyrinato rare-earth double-decker complexes [M(III)H{Pc(OBNP)(2)}(TClPP)] (M=Y, Eu) in good yield. In addition to electronic absorption spectroscopy and magnetic circular dichroism results, circular dichroism shows different spectroscopic features of these mixed-ring rare-earth double-decker compounds in different solvents, such as DMF and CHCl(3), which was well-reproduced on the basis of time-dependent density functional theory calculation results for the yttrium species (S)-[Y(III){Pc(OBNP)(2)}(Por)](-) (Por=porphyrinate, which is obtained by removing the four chlorophenyl groups from the TClPP ligand) in terms of the change in the rotation angle between the two macrocyclic ligands in the double-decker molecules. These results revealed the solvent-dependent nature of the molecular conformation of mixed-ring rare-earth double-decker complexes, which suggests a new way of tuning the optical and the electrochemical properties of sandwich-type bis(tetrapyrrole)-metal double-decker complexes in solution by changing the solvent.     

Actinide heterobimetallic oxides (Th, U): reduction studies

In our laboratories we have been studying the synthesis and reactivity of binary actinide and lanthanide intermetallic compounds. In this work, the air-oxidation of ThCu₂ and AnNi₂ (An = Th, U) was followed by thermogravimetry (TG) and the products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The heterobimetallic oxides obtained are described by the formulas 2MO·ThO₂ (M = Cu, Ni) and 2NiO·UO₃. The thermogravimetric analysis under hydrogen of these heterobimetallic oxides show one mass loss for 2MO·ThO₂ and two mass losses for 2NiO·UO₃ over a wide range of temperature (293–1273 K). The characterization by XRD shows that the reduction products are 2M·ThO₂ (M = Cu, Ni) and 2Ni·UO₂, with all the actinides in the 4+ oxidation state. The actinide heterobimetallic oxides were described as copper or nickel supported catalysts.     

Calculation of hot spots for protein–protein interaction in p53/PMI-MDM2/MDMX complexes

The recently developed MM/GBSA_IE method is applied to computing hot and warm spots in p53/PMI-MDM2/MDMX protein–protein interaction systems. Comparison of the calculated hot (>2 kcal/mol) and warm spots (>1 kcal/mol) in P53 and PMI proteins interacting with MDM2 and MDMX shows a good quantitative agreement with the available experimental data. Further, our calculation predicted hot spots in MDM2 and MDMX proteins in their interactions with P53 and PMI and they help elucidate the interaction mechanism underlying this important PPI system. In agreement with the experimental result, the present calculation shows that PMI has more hot and warm spots and binds stronger to MDM2/MDMX. The analysis of these hot and warm spots helps elucidate the fundamental difference in binding between P53 and PMI to the MDM2/MDMX systems. Specifically, for p53/PMI-MDM2 systems, p53 and PMI use essentially the same residues (L54, I61, Y67, Q72, V93, H96, and I99) of MDM2 for binding. However, PMI enhanced interactions with residues L54, Y67, and Q72 of MDM2. For the p53/PMI-MDMX system, p53 and PMI use similar residues (M53, I60, Y66, Q71, V92, and Y99) of MDMX for binding. However, PMI exploited three extra residues (M61, K93, and L98) of MDMX for enhanced binding. In addition, PMI enhanced interaction with four residues (M53, Y66, Q71, and Y99) of MDMX. These results gave quantitative explanation on why the binding affinities of PMI-MDM2/MDMX interactions are stronger than that of p53-MDM2/MDMX although their binding modes are similar. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

液体混合物的推广Vander Waals理论

本文通过对Van der Waals模型中排斥体积的修正, 建立了一个液体状态方程式,并将它推广到了二元液体混合物, 预测和关联了液体混合物的过量性质, 计算结果表明, 可与Flory理论相比拟, 但所需提供的纯组分性质比Flory理论少, 计算也得到了简化.     

极性—非极性双液体系汽液平衡盐效应参数的测定与计算

测定了苯—甲醇— 1_1型电解质 (LiCl、NaBr、KI)、四氯化碳—甲醇— 1_1型电解质 (LiCl、NaBr、KI)两个体系在恒压 ( 1 0 1 .3kPa)条件下的汽液平衡盐效应参数。理论计算以Pierotti的定标粒子理论为基础 ,硬球作用项采用Masterton -Lee方程计算 ,软球作用项采用胡英等人建议的简化的径向分布函数 ,分子间力在Lennard -Jones位能函数基础上计入极性分子间偶极—偶极、偶极—诱导偶极 ,离子与极性分子间的电荷—偶极以及离子与分子间的电荷—诱导偶极的贡献 ,并根据溶剂性质和溶液结构作出一些合理的假设。在此基础上 ,理论计算与实验结果基本相符。     

Photodissociation of yttrium and lanthanum oxide cluster cations

Transition metal oxide cations of the form M n O m (+) (M = Y, La) are produced by laser vaporization in a pulsed nozzle source and detected with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Cluster oxides for each value of n form only a limited number of stoichiometries; MO(M2O3)x(+) species are particularly intense. Cluster cations are mass selected and photodissociated using the third harmonic (355 nm) of a Nd:YAG laser. Multiphoton excitation is required to dissociate these clusters because of their strong bonding. Yttrium and lanthanum oxides exhibit different dissociation channels, but some common trends can be identified. Larger clusters for both metals undergo fission to make certain stable cation clusters, especially MO(M2O3) x (+) species. Specific cations are identified to be especially stable because of their repeated production in the decomposition of larger clusters. These include M3O4(+), M5O7(+), M7O10(+), and M9O13(+), along with Y6O8(+). Density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the relative stabilities and structures of these systems.     

Arsenate uptake and arsenite simultaneous sorption and oxidation by Fe-Mn binary oxides: influence of Mn/Fe ratio, pH, Ca2+, and humic acid

Arsenate retention, arsenite sorption and oxidation on the surfaces of Fe-Mn binary oxides may play an important role in the mobilization and transformation of arsenic, due to the common occurrence of these oxides in the environment. However, no sufficient information on the sorption behaviors of arsenic on Fe-Mn binary oxides is available. This study investigated the influences of Mn/Fe molar ratio, solution pH, coexisting calcium ions, and humic acids have on arsenic sorption by Fe-Mn binary oxides. To create Fe-Mn binary oxides, simultaneous oxidation and co-precipitation methods were employed. The Fe-Mn binary oxides exhibited a porous crystalline structure similar to 2-line ferrihydrite at Mn/Fe ratios 1:3 and below, whereas exhibited similar structures to δ-MnO(2) at higher ratios. The As(V) sorption maximum was observed at a Mn/Fe ratio of 1:6, but As(III) uptake maximum was at Mn/Fe ratio 1:3. However, As(III) adsorption capacity was much higher than that of As(V) at each Mn/Fe ratio. As(V) sorption was found to decrease with increasing pH, while As(III) sorption edge was different, depending on the content of MnO(2) in the binary oxides. The presence of Ca(2+) enhanced the As(V) uptake under alkaline pH, but did not significantly influence the As(III) sorption by 1:9 Fe-Mn binary oxide; whereas the presence of humic acid slightly reduced both As(V) and As(III) uptake. These results indicate that As(III) is more easily immobilized than As(V) in the environment, where Fe-Mn binary oxides are available as sorbents and they represent attractive adsorbents for both As(V) and As(III) removal from water and groundwater.     

Linear optical transmission measurements and computational study of linear polarizabilities, first hyperpolarizabilities of a dinuclear iron(III) complex

The optical transmission spectral study of a dinuclear metal complex [FeL(MeOH)Cl]2 (L=N-(5-methylphenyl)-3-methoxysalicylaldimine) has been carried out. The linear optical characterization shows that this molecule has transparency in the visible range. To understand linear optical and microscopic second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of the compound, we have computed the electric dipole moment (mu) and dispersion-free first hyperpolarizabilities (beta) using Finite Field second-order M?ller-Plesset perturbation (FF MP2) procedure; and also dispersion-free linear polarizabilities (alpha), frequency-dependent linear polarizabilities within the linear optical spectrum and first hyperpolarizabilities at lambda=730-1050 and 1000-1400 nm wavelength areas using time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) method. The ab-initio calculation results reveal that the examined complex might have linear optical and microscopic NLO behavior with non-zero values.