高温熔盐横纹管传热特性与强化机理研究

本文对以熔融盐为传热工质的横纹管传热过程进行了实验研究。研究温度、热流密度对横纹管传热性能的影响,并与光管的传热性能进行比较,探讨了强化传热的机理,确定了强化传热的范围和途径。实验结果表明:横纹管比光管具有更好的传热性能。     

湍流热对流中的动力学和传热研究

文章介绍了湍流热对流中流动结构和动力学的实验研究. 本文作者通过流动示标和粒子成像测速系统（PIV）的测量,清晰地揭示了对流系统的三维流动结构,发现大尺度环流的角向运动在不同的时间尺度上有不同的表现. 通过统计分析,本文作者进一步发现大尺度环流方位角的变化具有布朗棘齿的特性,并且从实验上证明在湍流热对流系统中不同的流动模式的确可以得到不同的传热效率.     

湍流热对流中的动力学和传热研究

文章介绍了湍流热对流中流动结构和动力学的实验研究．本文作者通过流动示标和粒子成像测速系统（PIV）的测量，清晰地揭示了对流系统的三维流动结构，发现大尺度环流的角向运动在不同的时间尺度上有不同的表现．通过统计分析，本文作者进一步发现大尺度环流方位角的变化具有布朗棘齿的特性，并且从实验上证明在湍流热对流系统中不同的流动模式的确可以得到不同的传热效率．     

非牛顿流体在介质中的自然对流与传热

基于修正的Darcy定律,数值模拟了上端开口,从底部等温加热的多孔介质中黏弹性流体的自然对流与传热,其中使用了特征松弛时间λ和迟滞时间ε来表征黏弹性流体的性质。我们选择了三组不同的λ和ε.发现与牛顿流体中对应的情况相比,黏弹性流体的传热特性有很大不同。另外,上端开口多孔介质中的黏弹性流体比上端闭口多孔介质中黏弹性流体的自然对流与传热也有很大不同.在不同的Ra数范围,传热规律服从不同的标度律。     

自然循环加热段内对流传热特性的实验研究

本文以常压去离子水为工质,对自然循环工况下上升加热段内单相水的对流传热特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,自然循环工况下上升加热段内工质的物性变化及由浮升力引起的自由流动对对流传热特性有重要影响。通过分析,提出了计算自然循环工况下上升加热段内单相水的对流换热系数的经验关系式。     

铸件在凝固过程中的传热和自然对流计算

论文中以流函数、涡度和温度为基本变量,建立了铸件凝固时的传热和自然对流的数学模型。控制方程采用半隐式有限差分在固定网格上求解。在模型建立过程中,着重讨论了潜热的处理和固液相区(界面)速度条件。对于潜热处理,采用了基于合金平衡相图的比热焓法;对于固液相区(界面)速度条件,提出了一种新的、基于固相率进行修正的处理方法。另外还探讨了将本文提出的解法应用于复杂几何条件的可能性。最后,通过对一个典型例子进行计算,对自然对流对铸件凝固的影响作了深入的讨论。     

底部局部加热多孔介质自然对流传热的格子Boltzmann模拟

运用格子Boltzmann方法研究了底部局部加热多孔介质方腔的自然对流传热.方腔的上壁面为低温热源,下壁面为局部高温热源,左右壁面为绝热条件.重点分析了高温热源位置a及尺寸b对多孔介质方腔自然对流传热性能的影响,提出了平均Nusselt数Nu和位置a及尺寸b的拟合关系式.研究结果表明:高温热源位置及尺寸对多孔介质方腔内自然对流传热性质的影响很大,且存在最佳高温热源位置(a=4/16)和尺寸(b=0.75),以达到最强的对流换热强度(Nu_(max)≈10.35)和最大的对流换热量(Q_(max)≈5.69).     

竖直纵向翅片管自然对流传热特性及优化

首先利用数值计算的方法对自然对流条件下竖直放置的纵向翅片管的传热特性进行研究,得到了基管恒壁温下基管高度、翅片长度、翅片夹角及其交互作用分别对散热量和单位质量散热量的影响次序,并获得了计算范围内的竖直纵向翅片管的最优结构.在数值计算的基础上,又对竖直纵向翅片管在闭式小室内在基管近似恒壁温条件下进行试验研究.对比试验和数值计算得到的竖直纵向翅片管散热量和单位质量散热量,平均偏差为3.3%.数值计算采用的具体方法可靠,获得的结论可信.     

Turbulent convective heat transfer in an inclined tube filled with sodium

Turbulent free convection of liquid sodium in a straight thermally insulated tube with a length equal to 20 diameters and with end heat exchangers ensuring a fixed temperature drop is investigated experimentally. The experiments are performed for a fixed Rayleigh number Ra = 2.4 × 10⁶ and various angles of inclination of the tube relative to the vertical. A strong dependence of the power transferred along the tube on the angle of inclination is revealed: the Nusselt number in the angular range under investigation changes by an order of magnitude with a maximum at the angle of 65° with the vertical. The characteristics of large-scale circulation and turbulent temperature pulsations show that convective heat transfer is mainly determined by the velocity of large-scale circulation of sodium. Turbulent pulsations are maximal for small angles of inclination (α = 20°–30°) and reduce the heat flux along the channel, although in the limit of small angles (vertical tube), there is no large-scale circulation, and the convective heat flux, which is an order of magnitude larger than the molecular heat flux, is ensured only by small scale (turbulent) flow.     

空温式翅片管气化器自然对流换热的数值模拟

建立了深冷空温式星形翅片管气化器的空气侧自然对流换热模型.利用fluent软件,采用SST k-ω湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,对多组不同结构参数、不同内壁面温度的气化器空气侧自然对流换热进行了三维数值模拟.由数值模拟结果分析了气化器各结构尺寸大小与壁温对翅片管自然对流换热的影响,并拟合了气化器空气侧自然对流换热的Nu...     

Visualization of transient natural convection heat transfer from a vertical rectangular fin

Experiments on thermal visualization of transient natural convection from short vertical rectangular fins were conducted using the technique of laser holographic interferometry. A sequence of infinite-fringe interferograms recorded for the heating regime of an aluminum fin demonstrates the effect of fin base heating on local convection coefficients and reveals alternating and oscillatory buoyancydriven flows similar to those over the top surface of heated horizontal plates. The effect of fin base heating results in greater uniformity of the local heat transfer coefficient along the fin. It also significantly reduces the steady-state heat transfer coefficients of short vertical fins compared to their transient values. Hence, the use of steady-state solutions for the design of short vertical fins operating in transient conditions may not introduce as much error as was previously thought.     

Numerical simulation of experiments on turbulent natural convection of heat generating liquid in cylindrical pool

Available experimental data on heat transfer of a melt with volumetric heat generation are analyzed in order to use them for validating the computer codes that describe a core catcher. The problem for CFD simulation of the experiments on heat transfer by laminar and turbulent natural convection is described. Information that can be obtained from experiments for verifying the models of convective heat transfer in a melt is analyzed. The effect of variable viscosity on the integral heat flux is discussed. Calculation results are represented and compared with experimental data on temperature distribution and integral heat transfer. The calculations are in good agreement with the experiment. The results are numerically extrapolated to the range of Rayleigh numbers up to 7 · 10¹⁶. It is concluded that the CFD calculations with the κ-ɛ turbulence model can be used in problems concerned with analysis of melt convection in a core catcher.     

Experimental investigation of heat transfer performance of corrugated tube with spring tape inserts

Turbulent forced convection in a corrugated tube with spring tape is investigated experimentally, for Reynolds numbers from 10,000 to 50,000. The working fluid is air. Experiments are performed for different pitch and spring ratios. Results show that Nusselt numbers can be increased considerably, depending on pitch and spring ratios. An overall assessment, considering the friction losses, is achieved using the thermo-hydraulic performance parameter. The latter is observed to take values larger than unity for all cases, where quite high values around 2.8 occur for cases with smallest pitch and spring ratios. Predictive Nusselt number and friction factor correlations are proposed.     

封闭腔内纳米流体强化自然对流换热的数值模拟

采用F luen软件对封闭腔内Cu-H2O纳米流体强化自然对流换热进行了数值模拟,重点分析Cu纳米粒子添加量和Gr数对换热性能的影响,并解释其换热机理。研究结果表明:在水基液中加入Cu纳米粒子可以显著提高基液的自然对流换热特性。对于一给定的Gr数,随着纳米粒子质量分数的增加,纳米流体的速度组成部分增加,纳米流体质量分数越大,x方向和y方向的速度峰越大,因此加速了流体中能量传输。另一方面,随着Gr数的增加,流线图中旋涡逐渐变大,流线间强度增加,说明换热效果逐渐增强。当Gr数较小时,传热主要是由热壁和冷壁之间的热传导引起的,随着Gr数的增大,换热逐渐变为由对流换热占主导地位。     

Analysis of frost visualization over a fin and tube heat exchanger by natural convection

In this article, studies are made on frost formation and flow over a fin and tube heat exchanger due to natural convection for various conditions of relative humidity, air ambient temperature, and mean refrigerant temperature. The results include frost deposition, steps of frost formation, and its effect on heat transfer rate for different conditions. The results show that frost is formed only on the tip of the fins with higher thickness from top to bottom due to small distance between the fins. Frost causes to trap the air which increases the thermal resistance and reduces heat transfer in the system.     

Mathematical simulation of conjugate turbulent natural convection in an enclosure with local heat source

A numerical analysis of turbulent regimes of the natural convection in a closed rectangular region with heat-conducting walls of finite thickness was carried out in the presence of a locally concentrated heat source under the conditions of the radiative-convective heat exchange with the ambient medium on one of the external boundaries. The mathematical model was constructed on the basis of the Reynolds equations in dimensionless variables stream function — vorticity vector — temperature. Special attention was paid to the investigation of the influence of the Grashof number er 10⁸≤Gr<10¹⁰, of the unsteadiness factor 0< τ <1000, and the thermal conductivity ratio λ _2,1 = 5.7·10⁻⁴, 6.8·10⁻⁵ on both the local and integral characteristics of the problem.     

On nonquasineutrality and turbulent heat transfer in a tokamak

A new approach is proposed for describing a steady turbulent state formed far from thermodynamic equilibrium in the plasma column of a tokamak as a result of the development of microinstabilities. A fundamental feature of such a highly nonequilibrium plasma is its nonquasineutrality, i.e., the plasma properties are largely determined by electric fields localized on a scale of the order of the Debye radius. It is established that the transverse thermal diffusivity is determined by the expression