高Tcrf SQUID梯度计及其在心磁图测量中的应用

我们用两套ＨＴｃｒｆＳＱＵＩＤ组成一阶梯度计,在无屏蔽条件下,进行了心磁图测量。实验结果表明,在利用了梯度计消除环境噪声,再通过平均、数字滤波等方法进一步提高信噪比后,我们测得的心磁图中,可以清楚地看到Ｐ、Ｑ、Ｒ、Ｓ、Ｔ等各个波,其信噪比达到１２０,已可满足实用的要求。     

基于SQUID梯度计的单磁源定位及磁矩反演误差分析

磁源定位及磁矩反演技术在空间探测、无损检测以及目标追踪等领域有着广泛的应用前景。利用磁场梯度张量信息进行磁源定位及磁矩反演的思想是在1975年首次提出的,2006年提出的磁性目标线性方程定位方法以其快速准确求解的特点而备受关注。但是,对于该梯度张量矩阵求逆法进行磁源定位的全方位的误差分析仍有待完善。在简要回顾梯度张量矩阵求逆法进行磁源定位的方法的基础上,提出了一种基于该方法的系统误差和随机误差分析的理论;研究结果表明定位误差是由于将差分近似为微分而引起的系统误差和传感器测量的随机误差构成。以目前具有超高精度、超高灵敏度的超导量子干涉仪作为典型磁场测量传感器,分析了梯度张量矩阵求逆法进行磁源定位及磁矩反演误差与传感器分辨率和相对误差水平之间的关系。     

扫描SQUID显微镜的研制及其在磁成像和无损检测中的应用

研制了两种用于检测室温样品的超导量子干涉器(SQUID)扫描磁场显微镜(以下简称扫描SQUID显微镜),一种使用常规低Tc(Nb)SQUID器件,另一种使用高温(YBCO)SQUID器件.SQUID安装在内杜瓦底部的冷指底端,外杜瓦底部有60～75微米厚的白宝石窗口,被测样品处于室温状态位于窗口下,SQUID与被测样品之间的间距通过波纹管的伸缩进行调节.常规低Tc(Nb)器件系统的空间分辨率优于140μm,磁场灵敏度优于3pT/Hz1/2,高温(YBCO)器件系统的空间分辨率～500μm,磁场灵敏度～46pT/Hz1/2.两者均能长时间稳定地工作在无屏蔽环境中.利用两台扫描SQUID显微镜,进行了多种有应用价值的磁成像实验和无损检测研究.     

射频SQUID心磁图数据自适应滤波研究

研究了滤除50Hz工频干扰的几种自适应算法，并应用于射频超导量子干涉仪（SQUID）心 磁图仪采集的心磁数据50Hz滤波中.对算法的性能进行了计算机仿真比较.结果表明，带50 Hz干扰的SQUID心磁信号通过自适应噪声对消法，干扰得到了很好的抑制. 关键词： SQUID 心磁图 自适应滤波 噪声消除     

旋转测磁仪测量误差的分析

本文分析了旋转测磁仪的振动和测磁线圈偏心、振动等因素对测量精度的影响.结果表明这些因素对测量精度的影响不容忽视.     

利用单通道高温超导磁梯度计获取心磁地图

根据自己研制的单通道高温超导rfSQUID磁梯度计在人体胸前测得的高信噪比的心磁信号,通过线性插值和高阶拟合,获得了人体心脏的一系列时序等强磁场地图,为高温超导SQUID磁强计、梯度计的心磁测量用于心脏病早期诊断和病理研究的进一步开展提供了思路和方向.     

扫描SQUID显微镜及其在物理研究和微电子工程中的应用

扫描ＳＱＵＩＤ显微镜，是９０年代出现的一种新型微结构磁成像仪器，是迄今为止探测微米尺度结构中微弱磁场或微小电充的最灵敏的仪器。它可检测小于１０＾－１０Ｔ的磁场，几个纳安（１０＾－９Ａ）的电流或几百个玻尔磁子的永久磁矩。虽然诞生时间不长，但它无论在基础研究（例如，关于高温超导体波函数对称性的著名三晶超导环实验）还是在应用研究（例如，微电子器件中的捕获磁通问题）都已发挥了重要作用，显示了它在未来科学与     

HT_c SQUID工作环境低频磁干扰消除研究

针对高温超导量子干涉器(HT_c SQUID)磁强计技术在非磁屏蔽环境中受到的极低频干扰,实验研究了主动补偿方法消除这种干扰的可行性和有效性。实验由高精度程控电流源提供电流,通过亥姆赫兹线圈产生用于抵消极低频干扰的补偿磁场,使用两套HT_c SQUID磁强计搭建了测试系统,其中一套用于低频磁干扰背景的探测,另一套用于磁干扰补偿消除效果的甄别。结果表明,这种动态补偿消除方法可以达到比较好的效果。     

利用单通道高温超导磁梯度计获取心磁地图

根据自己研制的单通道高温超导rfSQUID磁梯度计在人体胸前测得的高信噪比的心磁信号,通过线性插值和高阶拟合,获得了人体心脏的一系列时序等强磁场地图,为高温超导SQUID磁强计、梯度计的心磁测量用于心脏病早期诊断和病理研究的进一步开展提供了思路和方向.     

航空超导全张量磁梯度仪的串扰研究

航空超导全张量磁梯度仪是使用飞行平台搭载的磁法测量设备,因其磁场灵敏度高、采集信息丰富、体积小等特点,被认为是第三代航磁探测的发展方向.本文构建了六棱锥构型的全张量梯度模块,由一个三轴超导量子干涉器(SQUID)磁强计和6个低温超导平面一阶SQUID梯度计组成.测试结果表明,在该多通道系统中,SQUID之间的串扰明显,对测量结果造成影响.本文对该超导全张量磁梯度仪的串扰进行了分析,并测量了串扰数据.分析了影响串扰的因素后,通过增加SQUID间的间距和改变接线方式等措施,对全张量模块结构进行了优化.实验结果表明,新构型模块对串扰改善在一个数量级以上,极大地提高了超导全张量磁梯度仪的精度和实用性.     

Interpretation of magnetisation dynamics using inductive magnetometry in thin films

We present ferromagnetic resonance data from a Py film using both a pulsed inductive microwave magnetometer (PIMM) and conventional FMR. An increase in the damping is seen at low field resonances in the PIMM data from what is expected using conventional FMR. This is explained by the influence of the PIMM’s spatially inhomogeneous excitation field and quantified using an intuitive argument. We demonstrate from this derivation how excitation of non-uniform wavevectors can explain the measured increase in damping at low fields observed by the PIMM. We also present results from a coupled Py and Cobalt system, demonstrating that inductive magnetometry can be a sensitive technique for measuring exchange coupling over interfaces and surfaces.     

Concept study of measuring gravitational constant using superconducting gravity gradiometer

Newton's gravitational constant G is the least known fundamental constant of nature. Since Cavendish made the first measurement of G with a torsion balance over two hundred years ago, the best results of G have been obtained by using torsion balances. However, the uncorrected anelasticity of torsion fibers makes the results questionable. We present a new method of G measurement by using a superconducting gravity gradiometer constructed with levitated test masses,which is free from the irregularities of mechanical suspension. The superconducting gravity gradiometer is rotated to generate a centrifugal acceleration that nulls the gravity field of the source mass, forming an artificial planetary system.This experiment has a potential accuracy of G better than 10 ppm.     

Ultra-sensitive magnetometry based on free precession of nuclear spins

We discuss the design and performance of a very sensitive low-field magnetometer based on the detection of free spin precession of gaseous, nuclear polarized ³He or ¹²⁹Xe samples with a SQUID as magnetic flux detector. The device will be employed to control fluctuating magnetic fields and gradients in a new experiment searching for a permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron. Furthermore, with the detection of the free precession of co-located ³He/¹²⁹Xe nuclear spins it can be used as ultra-sensitive probe for non-magnetic spin interactions, since the magnetic dipole interaction (Zeeman-term) drops out. Characteristic spin precession times T₂ ^* of up to 60 h were measured. The achieved signal-to-noise ratio of more than 5000:1 leads to an expected sensitivity level (Cramer-Rao lower bound) of δB≈1 fT after an integration time of 220 s and of δB≈10^-4 fT after one day. By means of a co-located ³He/¹²⁹Xe magnetometer, noise sources inherent in the magnetometer could be investigated, showing that CRLB is fulfilled, at least down to δB≈10^-2 fT. The reason for such a high sensitivity is that free precessing ³He (¹²⁹Xe) nuclear spins are almost completely decoupled from the environment. Therefore, this type of magnetometer is particularly attractive for precision field measurements where long-term stability is required.     

Absolute magnetometry on ultrathin 3d-metal films by UHV-SQUID

Recently a combination of SQUID magnetometry with an UHV chamber and cooling capabilities was developed. This allows us to measure the remanent magnetization in statu nascendi with submonolayer sensitivity. Co and Ni films 2–20 monolayers (ML) thick were grown on Cu(0 0 1) and measured at temperatures between 40 and 300 K. We deduced separately surface and interface magnetic moment contributions by analyzing thickness-dependent moments of Co/Cu(0 0 1) and Cu/Co/Cu(0 0 1). The surface atoms are shown to carry a 32(5)% enhanced moment, while the interface moment is reduced by 17%. For the case of Ni thin films, the magnetization is almost bulk-like. Cu capping reduces the magnetization by 22% at 4 ML film thickness.     

Detection of the gravitomagnetic field using an orbiting superconducting gravity gradiometer: principle and experimental considerations

The angular momentum of the Earth produces gravitomagnetic components of the Riemann curvature tensor, which are of the order of 10⁻¹⁰ of the Newtonian terms arising from the mass of the Earth. Due to the dragging of the local inertial frame by the spinning Earth, there are also secular terms, which grow in time. These fields can be detected in principle by a set of orbiting superconducting gravity gradiometers. The Riemann tensor components for various spacecraft orientations have been computed and the principle of detecting the gravitomagnetic tidal force has been published. In this paper, we review the conclusions of the earlier analyses and discuss the feasibility of the gravity gradiometer experiment.     

Measurement of tortuosity in aluminum foams using airborne ultrasound

The slow compressional wave in air-saturated aluminum foams was studied by means of ultrasonic transverse transmission method over a frequency range from 0.2 MHz to 0.8 MHz. The samples investigated have three different cell sizes or pores per inch (5, 10 and 20 ppi) and each size has three aluminum volume fractions (5%, 8% and 12% AVF). Phase velocities show minor dispersion at low frequencies but remain constant after 0.7 MHz. Pulse broadening and amplitude attenuation are obvious and increase with increasing ppi. Attenuation increases considerably with AVF for 20 ppi foams. Tortuosity ranges from 1.003 to 1.032 and increases with AVF and ppi. However, the increase of tortuosity with AVF is very small for 10 and 20 ppi samples.     

Precision magnetometry on a submicron scale: magnetisation of superconducting quantum dots

We report on magnetisation of individual superconducting particles with size down to 0.1 micron. The non-invasive access to properties of such small objects has become possible using submicron Hall probes which detect a local magnetic field and work effectively as micro-fluxmeters similar to, e.g., SQUIDs but with an effective detection loop of only about a square micron. We have found that the spatial confinement of superconductivity in a small volume gives rise to dramatic changes in thermodynamic properties of mesoscopic superconductors.     

Research on atmospheric refraction correction of airborne electro-optical system target location北大核心CSCD

目标定位精度是评判机载光电系统性能的一项重要指标。对于高空机载光电系统,目标定位精度除受传感器、测距仪、载荷平台稳定精度、飞行平台稳定精度和位置精度等综合因素影响外,还受大气折射的影响,对于高空机载光电系统远距离对地观测,大气折射对目标定位的影响尤为严重。该文从大气折射对目标定位的影响机理出发,给出大气模型,分析大气折射的影响因素,并基于介于圆球体和参考旋转椭球体之间的地球模型给出了大气折射误差模型;基于该文提出的近似参考旋转椭球体地球模型,仿真分析了大气折射对目标定位的影响结果。分析结果对于机载光电系统远距离目标定位大气折射修正具有重要指导意义。     

陀螺冗余安装在机载光电系统中的设计与应用北大核心CSCD

陀螺是光电系统瞄准线稳定的重要元器件,介绍了一种基于光电系统的光纤陀螺冗余安装方法。在冗余安装陀螺数量确定的前提下,考虑到工程实际应用的安装空间、体积、重量和成本等因素,设计了4个陀螺的八边形金字塔冗余安装方式,对此冗余安装方式的精度和可靠性进行了分析和仿真,并与无冗余安装进行了对比。同时,该安装方式可用于陀螺与磁流体动力学角速率传感器的冗余安装。结果表明,该方法使角速度测量的噪声标准差下降约25.3%,可靠性提升约1.75倍。该方法能有效解决某光电系统受安装空间限制而陀螺精度不够的问题,提升了光电系统可靠性;同时也可应用于三轴陀螺稳定光电系统中,对工程应用有一定的指导作用。     

战术导弹自由飞环境与试验台环境模态一致性研究

以战术导弹试验台振动环境的约束模态与导弹真实飞行模态的差异为背景,结合模态应变能法理论,提出了以单元模态应变能和总体模态应变能为评定标准的试验最优约束模态的判别方法。通过对导弹简化模型算例地面试验约束状态和空中自由飞行状态模态一致性分析,给出了地面试验最佳约束点的选择方法。最后,考虑到瞬态响应的特殊性,对战术导弹简化模型算例自由模态和约束模态瞬态响应进行了对比分析。理论分析与仿真试验证明了该方法的有效性。