空调压缩机余热温差发电系统设计

基于温差发电原理,利用家用空调制冷时压缩机出口的高温气体,设计了一种余热温差发电系统,并将其应用到家用空调中进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:利用压缩机余热发电装置的空调系统与空调原型机相比输入功率降低43.5W,制冷量提高2.8%,能效比提高9.0%。     

半导体温差发电过程的模型分析与数值仿真

本文提出一种新型的半导体温差发电模型,在温差发电过程的数值模拟中考虑了热电单元之间封闭腔体内空气传热的影响.同时进一步运用有限元的数值计算方法对不同电臂对数和不同型号温差发电模型的温度场、电压场进行了数值仿真计算,并对仿真结果进行分析.结果表明:采用127对热电单元模型计算的能量转换效率随冷热端温差增大而迅速提高,与采用1对热电单元模型计算的能量转换效率之差从冷热端温差为20℃的0.39%提高到冷热端温差为220℃时的5.16%,能量转换效率比1对热电单元平均高出3.02%.冷端温度恒定在30℃时,温差发电芯片的输出电压、功率以及能量转换效率均随着电偶臂的横截面积的增大而提高,且电偶臂冷热两端的温差越大提高幅度也越大,而温差发电芯片内阻则与电偶臂横截面积成反比关系,当温差为220℃时对应的输出功率最高达28.9 W.     

采用微通道换热器的分离式热管空调性能的试验研究

设计了基于微通道换热器的分离式热管空调系统,针对充液率、室内外温差以及冷凝器布置方式对空调性能的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明:高充液率和低充液率均会使分离式热管空调换热性能降低,系统最佳充液率为110%左右;室内外温差对分离式热管空调性能的影响显著,传热量随着温差的增大而增大,分离式热管空调传热量在20℃温差时比8℃温差时增加了348%;微通道冷凝器垂直布置时比平行布置时空调系统的充注量小,制冷量大。     

带有冷凝水回收利用装置的家用空调性能试验研究

针对家用空调冷凝水随意排放的现状,设计了一种冷凝水回收利用装置,并将其用于家用空调系统中进行了试验研究。试验表明:在最小运行制冷、额定制冷和最大运行制冷工况下,带有冷凝水利用装置的空调性能与空调原型机的性能相比,输入功率分别降低2.31W、0.67W、8.68W;制冷量分别增加2W、29W、20W;系统的COP分别提升0.47%、0.94%、1.20%。在下一步的试验中,通过增大冷凝水与铜管和翅片的接触面积,进一步提高系统的性能。     

基于热电效应的水源热泵的制热性能研究

该研究结合热电理论推导出了制热性能系数、电流与冷热端温差的解析式,并搭建实验台进行研究,分析了水源温度、电流和水冷板流量对制热性能的影响.结果 表明:制热性能系数随水源温度的升高而增大,在实验范围内可达2.15;随着冷热端温差的增加,最大制热性能系数所对应的电流也不断变大,当温差由23℃增至34℃时,最佳工作电流由3....     

核心流强化传热对温差发电器性能的影响

半导体温差发电技术在汽车尾气余热的回收与利用方面具有很大的潜能。本文搭建了一套可以模拟汽车尾气排气的试验系统,并利用核心流强化传热技术研究其对采用热电发电模块回收汽车尾气的余热并将其转换成电能时的性能影响。     

热电过冷器工作电压优化的试验研究

本文设计了一款基于热电原理的过冷装置,并将其运用到家用空调系统当中,试验研究了最小制冷、额定制冷和最大制冷三种工况下,热电过冷装置在电压为6、8、10、12和14V工作时,其制冷量和能效比的变化;并对运行过冷装置前后空调器系统的性能进行试验对比。结果表明:三种工况下,热电过冷装置在工作电压为12V时,其制冷量达到最大,为95、85、94W,能效比分别为0.86、0.77、0.85,此时空调器的过冷度分别为2.6、2.4、2℃,COP则分别提高了3.4%、3.7%、4.7%。     

R245fa有机朗肯循环发电系统运行性能实验研究

有机朗肯循环(ORC)利用低温热源实现热电转化的技术特点,是实现余热有效回收利用的重要途径。基于R245fa为循环工质的ORC发电系统,研究低温热源温度变化对系统循环热效率与发电效率的影响。结果表明:在冷却端温度不变的工况下,热源温度的提高使循环蒸发压力上升,膨胀比增大,等熵效率提升,膨胀做功能力增强,系统循环热效率、熵效率、发电效率均增大。夏季运行,冷却水进水水温为(30±1)、(35±1)℃,热源温度从89.6℃升至112.5℃时,系统发电效率分别由6.9%、5.8%升到8.7%、7.4%,系统■效率分别由43.4%、38.8%升到62.7%、62.3%。     

菲涅耳聚光下半导体温差发电组件性能研究

采用菲涅耳透镜汇聚太阳辐射,提高半导体温差发电组件的热端温度,冷端利用散热片进行散热.从热流密度的角度建立了半导体温差发电片理论分析模型,实验基于稳态的条件下,忽略冷热端之间以及电臂间的空气对流和辐射,研究菲涅耳聚光下半导体温差发电组件的性能,推导出了半导体温差发电片的温度梯度d T/dx关系式,获得了输出电流、输出功率及热电转换效率的表达式.研究表明:随着电阻比率a(RL/R)的增大,半导体温差发电器件的输出电流I减小,输出功率P和转换效率ηhe先增大后减小,且在a=1时,其输出功率和转换效率最高.随着温差比率b(?T/T_(H2))的增大,无论a取何值,其输出功率P和转换效率ηhe均增大.实验研究中,半导体温差发电片应偏离菲涅耳透镜焦平面一定距离以获得较好输出特性.通过温差发电片的不同串并联组件可获得相应输出电压.     

冷热联供的空气制冷不可逆循环分析

本文分析了压气机排气余热利用的冷热联供回热空气制冷不可逆循环,并建立了仅忽略系统内所有换热器流动阻力损失的循环工作性能系数(COP)计算方程式。用该方程分析研究了透平膨胀机与压气机等熵效率、压缩机排气余热度、降温比、传热温差、压比等参数对系统COP值的影响,发现膨胀透平等熵效率提高对COP值的贡献远大于压气机效率同样提高的功效;在其它参数确定时,存在最佳压比,可使系统工作性能系数在该条件下达极值。在优化参数配置下,用于空气调节的冷热联供回热空气制冷不可逆循环的COP值可达2左右。     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...